Kuva isoko rya IoT ryaba rishyushye cyane, abacuruzi ba porogaramu n'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga baturutse imihanda yose batangiye kwinjira, kandi nyuma y'uko isoko rigabanutse, ibicuruzwa n'ibisubizo bihuye n'ikoreshwa byahindutse ibintu bisanzwe. Kandi, kugira ngo ibicuruzwa/ibisubizo bihuze n'ibyo abakiriya bakeneye icyarimwe, abakora ibikoresho bireba bashobora kubona ubuyobozi n'amafaranga menshi, ikoranabuhanga ryo kwikorera ubushakashatsi ryabaye ikintu gikomeye, cyane cyane ikoranabuhanga ritumanaho ritari irya telefoni zigendanwa, iyo rigeze ku isoko hari byinshi bitera imbere.
Ku bijyanye n'itumanaho rito ridafite umugozi, hari Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Zigbee, Z-Wave, Thread n'izindi koranabuhanga; ku bijyanye n'umuyoboro wa interineti ukoresha ingufu nke (LPWAN), hari kandi Sigfox, LoRa, ZETA, WIoTa, Turmass n'izindi koranabuhanga zitandukanye cyane.
Hanyuma, iyi nyandiko ivuga muri make aho iterambere rya zimwe muri izi koranabuhanga ryavuzwe haruguru rihagaze, kandi igasesengura buri koranabuhanga mu bintu bitatu: udushya mu ikoreshwa, igenamigambi ry'isoko, n'impinduka mu ruhererekane rw'inganda kugira ngo haganirwe ku mimerere iriho ubu n'ibizaza ku isoko ry'itumanaho rya IoT.
Itumanaho rito ridafite umugozi: Kwagura ahantu habera, guhuza ikoranabuhanga
Muri iki gihe, buri koranabuhanga rito ry’itumanaho ridafite umugozi riracyariyongera, kandi impinduka mu mikorere, imikorere n’uburyo buri koranabuhanga rishobora guhinduka mu by’ukuri zifite aho zihurira n’icyerekezo cy’isoko. Muri iki gihe, hari ikoranabuhanga rya To C To B mu bushakashatsi bw’aho ibintu biherereye, no mu isano ry’ikoranabuhanga, uretse protocole ya Matter, guhuza ikoranabuhanga nabyo bifite irindi terambere.
Bluetooth
· Bluetooth 5.4 yasohotse - Porogaramu yo kongera ibiciro bya elegitoroniki
Dukurikije Verisiyo ya Bluetooth Core Specification Verisiyo ya 5.4, ESL (Ikirango cy'Ibiciro by'Ikoranabuhanga) ikoresha uburyo bwo kwandikira aderesi y'igikoresho (binary) kigizwe na ESL ID ifite imibare 8 n'ikirango cy'itsinda gifite imibare 7. Kandi ESL ID ni umwihariko mu matsinda atandukanye. Kubwibyo, umuyoboro w'ibikoresho bya ESL ushobora kuba ugizwe n'amatsinda agera ku 128, buri rimwe rigizwe n'ibikoresho bya ESL byihariye bigera kuri 255 bigize iryo tsinda. Mu magambo make, muri porogaramu ya electronic price tag, niba umuyoboro wa Bluetooth 5.4 ukoreshejwe, hashobora kuba hari ibikoresho bya ESL 32.640 mu muyoboro, buri kirango gishobora kugenzurwa uhereye aho umuntu yinjirira.
Wi-Fi
· Kwagura ahantu hagaragara kugeza ku mfuruka z'inzugi zigezweho, n'ibindi.
Uretse ibikoresho byo kwambara n'indangururamajwi zigezweho, ibikoresho byo mu rugo bigezweho nka inzogera zo ku muryango, thermostat, amasaha yo kumenyesha, ibikoresho byo mu rugo bigezweho n'amatara ubu bihujwe n'imiyoboro ya Wi-Fi. Byongeye kandi, biteganijwe ko ingufu zigezweho zizagera ku miyoboro ya Wi-Fi kugira ngo zihabwe serivisi nyinshi. Wi-Fi 6 irimo kugabanya ikoreshwa ryayo ry'amashanyarazi mu gihe yongera uburyo bwo kohereza amakuru binyuze mu kunoza imikorere y'imiyoboro no kongera umuyoboro w'itumanaho.
· Gushyiramo Wi-Fi kuri interineti birimo kongera ingufu
Kubera ko ubuziranenge bw'aho Wi-Fi iherereye ubu bugeze kuri metero 1-2 n'ibipimo bya gatatu n'ibya kane bigenwa hashingiwe kuri serivisi zo gushyira Wi-Fi mu mwanya wabyo, ikoranabuhanga rishya rya LBS rizatuma habaho iterambere rikomeye mu buryo bunoze kugira ngo rikorere abaguzi benshi, inganda, ibigo, nibindi. Dorothy Stanley, umuhanga mu by'ubuziranenge muri Aruba Networks akaba n'umuyobozi wa IEEE 802.11 Working Group, yavuze ko ikoranabuhanga rishya kandi ryanoze rya LBS rizatuma aho Wi-Fi iherereye hashobora kwimukira muri metero 0.1. Ikoranabuhanga rishya kandi ryanoze rya LBS rizatuma Wi-Fi ishyirwa muri metero 0.1, nk'uko byatangajwe na Dorothy Stanley, umuhanga mu by'ubuziranenge muri Aruba Networks akaba n'umuyobozi wa IEEE 802.11 Working Group.
Inyuki
· Gusohora Zigbee Direct, ifite Bluetooth ihujwe na telefoni zigendanwa.
Ku bakoresha, Zigbee Direct itanga uburyo bushya bwo gukoresha Bluetooth, butuma ibikoresho bya Bluetooth bigera ku bikoresho biri kuri interineti ya Zigbee bidakoresheje igicu cyangwa urubuga. Muri iki gihe, interineti muri Zigbee ishobora guhuza na telefoni binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga rya Bluetooth, bigatuma telefoni igenzura ibikoresho biri kuri interineti ya Zigbee.
· Isohoka rya Zigbee PRO 2023 rituma igikoresho gitekana neza
Zigbee PRO 2023 yongera imiterere yayo y'umutekano kugira ngo ishyireho uburyo bwo gukora buri hagati y'amakuru (hub-centric) binyuze mu "gukorana n'amakuru yose", uburyo bunoza imiyoboro ihamye ihuza amakuru (hub-centric) binyuze mu gufasha ibikoresho kumenya aho umuyoboro ukwiriye wo kwinjira no kongera kwinjira mu mutekano. Byongeye kandi, kongereweho inkunga y'imiyoboro ya sub-gigahertz y'i Burayi (800 Mhz) na Amerika y'Amajyaruguru (900 MHZ) bitanga imbaraga nyinshi z'amajwi n'uburebure kugira ngo bishyigikire ikoreshwa ryinshi.
Binyuze mu makuru yavuzwe haruguru, ntabwo bigoye gufata imyanzuro ibiri, icya mbere ni uko icyerekezo cyo guhindura ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho kigenda gihinduka buhoro buhoro kuva ku kunoza imikorere kugera ku byo ikoreshwa rikeneye no gutanga ibicuruzwa bishya ku bafatanyabikorwa mu nganda; icya kabiri ni uko uretse protocole ya Matter muri "interconnection barriers", ikoranabuhanga riri no mu guhuza no gukorana kw'impande zombi.
Birumvikana ko itumanaho rito ridafite umugozi nk'umuyoboro w'itumanaho ryo mu gace runaka ari igice cy'itumanaho rya IoT, kandi nizera ko ikoranabuhanga rikomeje gushyuha rya LPWAN, naryo rikurura abantu benshi.
LPWAN
· Kuvugurura imikorere y'inganda, isoko rinini ryo mu mahanga
Kuva mu myaka ya mbere ubwo ikoranabuhanga ryatangiraga gukoreshwa no gukundwa, kugeza ku gushakisha udushya muri iki gihe kugira ngo rigere ku masoko menshi, icyerekezo cyo guhindura ikoranabuhanga kirimo guhinduka cyane. Birumvikana ko uretse ikoranabuhanga rito ry’itumanaho ridafite insinga, hari byinshi byabaye ku isoko rya LPWAN mu myaka ya vuba aha.
LoRa
· Semtech yaguze Sierra Wireless
Semtech, waremye ikoranabuhanga rya LoRa, azahuza ikoranabuhanga rya LoRa rikoresha umuyoboro wa wireless muri module za Sierra Wireless hamwe no kugura Sierra Wireless, ikigo cyibanda ku miyoboro y'itumanaho rya telefoni, kandi mu guhuza ibicuruzwa by'ibigo byombi, abakiriya bazashobora kubona urubuga rwa IoT cloud ruzakora imirimo myinshi irimo gucunga ibikoresho abakiriya bazashobora kubona urubuga rwa IoT cloud ruzakora imirimo myinshi irimo gucunga ibikoresho, gucunga umuyoboro n'umutekano.
· Amarembo miliyoni 6, inkuta z'inyuma miliyoni 300
Ni ngombwa kuvuga ko LoRa irimo gutera imbere mu byerekezo bitandukanye mu gihugu no mu mahanga hashingiwe ku bipimo bitandukanye muri buri gihugu, aho Ubushinwa bwerekeza ku "guhuza uturere" n'ibihugu by'amahanga bikomeje kubaka WAN nini. Birumvikana ko urubuga rwa Helium rwo mu mahanga (Helium) rutanga inkunga ikomeye ku ishyirwa rya LoRa hashingiwe ku buryo bwo guhemba no gukoresha umutungo mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga. Abayikorera muri Amerika ya Ruguru barimo Actibility, Senet, X-TELIA, n'ibindi.
Sigfox
· Guhuza no guhuza ikoranabuhanga mu buryo bwinshi
Kuva aho UnaBiz yo muri Singapuru iguriye Sigfox umwaka ushize, iya mbere yahinduye imikorere yayo, cyane cyane mu bijyanye no guhuza ikoranabuhanga, kandi Sigfox ubu irimo guhuza andi makoranabuhanga ya LPWA n'ikoranabuhanga rito rikoresha insinga kugira ngo rikoreshwe muri serivisi zayo. Vuba aha, UnaBiz yorohereje ubufatanye bwa Sigfox na LoRa.
· Ihinduka ry'icyitegererezo cy'ubucuruzi
UnaBiz yongeye gushyiraho ingamba z'ubucuruzi za Sigfox n'icyitegererezo cy'ubucuruzi bwayo. Mu bihe byashize, ingamba za Sigfox zo gufata icyemezo cyo guteza imbere ubushobozi mpuzamahanga bwo guhaza ibyifuzo bitandukanye no kuba umukoresha ubwabyo byakomerekeje ibigo byinshi mu ruhererekane rw'inganda bitewe n'igenzura rikomeye ry'ikoranabuhanga, bisaba abafatanyabikorwa bashingiye ku muyoboro wa Sigfox gusangira amafaranga menshi yinjira muri serivisi, nibindi. Kandi muri iki gihe, aho kwibanda gusa ku bikorwa by'umuyoboro, UnaBiz iri kwibanda cyane ku nganda z'ingenzi zitanga serivisi, ihindura ingamba z'imikorere ku bafatanyabikorwa b'ingenzi (abafatanyabikorwa, abakiriya n'abakoresha Sigfox) kandi ikagabanya cyane igihombo cya Sigfox ho 2/3 mu mpera za 2022 ugereranije n'impera za 2021.
ZETA
· Urusobe rw'ibidukikije, iterambere ry'ubufatanye mu nganda
Bitandukanye na LoRa, aho 95% by'udupira dukorwa na Semtech ubwayo, inganda za ZETA zikora udupira duto n'udupira duto zifite abitabira benshi, barimo STMicroelectronics (ST), Silicon Labs, na Socionext mu mahanga, ndetse n'inganda zikora ibikoresho bya semiconductor mu gihugu nka Quanxin Micro, Huapu Micro, na Zhipu Micro. Byongeye kandi, ZETA ikorana na socionext, Huapu Micro, Zhipu Micro, DaYu Semiconductor n'abandi bakora udupira duto, tudashingiye gusa ku ikoreshwa rya module za ZETA, ishobora gutanga uburenganzira ku bakora porogaramu zitandukanye mu nganda, bigatuma habaho ibidukikije bifunguye.
· Guteza imbere urubuga rwa ZETA PaaS
Binyuze kuri platform ya ZETA PaaS, abakora porogaramu bashobora gushyiraho ibisubizo ku bintu byinshi; abatanga ikoranabuhanga bashobora gukorana na IoT PaaS kugira ngo bagere ku bakiriya benshi; abakora porogaramu bashobora kwihuza n'isoko vuba kandi bakagabanya ikiguzi cyose. Byongeye kandi, binyuze kuri platform ya PaaS, buri gikoresho cya ZETA gishobora guca mu byiciro no mu byiciro kugira ngo gihuze, kugira ngo gikoreshwe mu buryo bwinshi.
Binyuze mu iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga rya LPWAN, cyane cyane ubuhombe n' "izuka" rya Sigfox, biragaragara ko, kugira ngo haboneke uburyo bwinshi bwo guhuza, ikoranabuhanga ry'itumanaho rya IoT rikeneye abafatanyabikorwa mu nganda kugira ngo bateze imbere ubufatanye no kunoza uruhare rw'abafatanyabikorwa n'amafaranga yinjira. Muri icyo gihe, dushobora kandi kubona ko andi makoranabuhanga nka LoRa na ZETA arimo guteza imbere ibidukikije.
Muri make, ugereranyije n'imyaka yashize ubwo ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho ryavukaga kandi buri wese ufite ikoranabuhanga yakoraga ukwaryo, icyerekezo gikomeye mu myaka ya vuba aha ni uguhuza, harimo kuzuzanya kw'ikoranabuhanga rito rikoresha insinga mu bijyanye n'imikorere n'imikorere, n'ikoranabuhanga rya LPWAN mu bijyanye no gukoresha.
Ku rundi ruhande, ibintu nk'uburyo amakuru asohoka n'igihe asubirwamo, byahoze ari ibintu by'ingenzi mu ivugurura ry'ikoranabuhanga, ubu byabaye ibisabwa by'ibanze, kandi ivugurura ry'ikoranabuhanga ubu riri ku kwagura ibintu na serivisi. Impinduka mu cyerekezo cyo ivugurura mu by'ukuri bivuze ko umubare w'abitabira uru ruganda urimo kwiyongera kandi ibidukikije birimo gutera imbere. Nk'ishingiro ry'itumanaho rya IoT, ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho ntirizahagarara ku "guhuza" mu gihe kizaza, ahubwo rizagira ibitekerezo bishya byinshi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 27 Mata 2023