1. Ibisobanuro

Interineti y'ibintu (IoT) ni "interineti ihuza byose", ikaba ari yo yagutse kandi yagutse ya interineti. Ihuza ibikoresho bitandukanye byo kumenya amakuru n'umuyoboro kugira ngo ikore umuyoboro munini, uhuza abantu, imashini n'ibintu igihe icyo ari cyo cyose n'aho ari ho hose.

Interineti y'ibintu ni igice cy'ingenzi cy'ikoranabuhanga rishya. Inganda z'ikoranabuhanga zitwa kandi paninterconnection, bivuze guhuza ibintu na buri kimwe. Kubwibyo, "Interineti y'ibintu ni interineti y'ibintu bihujwe". Ibi bifite ibisobanuro bibiri: icya mbere, ishingiro n'ishingiro rya Interineti y'ibintu iracyari Interineti, ariyo network yagutse kandi yagutse hejuru ya Interineti. Icya kabiri, uruhande rw'umukiriya wayo rukomeza kandi rukagera ku kintu icyo ari cyo cyose kiri hagati y'ibintu kugira ngo habeho guhanahana amakuru no gutumanaho. Kubwibyo, ibisobanuro bya Interineti y'ibintu ni ukumenya umurongo wa radiyo, sensors za infrared, sisitemu yo gushyira amakuru ku isi (GPS), nk'igikoresho cyo kumenya amakuru cya laser scanner, hakurikijwe amasezerano y'amasezerano, ku kintu icyo ari cyo cyose gihujwe na Interineti, guhanahana amakuru no gutumanaho, kugira ngo hamenyekane neza, aho aherereye, gukurikirana no kugenzura no gucunga umuyoboro.

2. Ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi

2.1 Kumenya umurongo wa radiyo

RFID ni sisitemu yoroshye idakoresha insinga igizwe n'umukozi ubaza (cyangwa usoma) hamwe n'amakuru menshi akoreshwa mu gukwirakwiza amakuru (cyangwa amakarita). Amakarita agizwe n'ibice bihuza ibintu na chips. Buri karita ifite kode yihariye y'ikoranabuhanga y'inyandiko zagutse, zifatanye n'ikintu runaka kugira ngo zimenye ikintu kigenewe. Yohereza amakuru ya radiyo ku musomyi binyuze kuri antene, kandi umusomyi ni we gikoresho gisoma amakuru. Ikoranabuhanga rya RFID ryemerera ibintu "kuvuga". Ibi biha interineti y'ibintu uburyo bwo gukurikirana ibintu. Bivuze ko abantu bashobora kumenya aho ibintu biherereye n'ibikikije igihe icyo ari cyo cyose. Abasesenguzi b'ubucuruzi muri Sanford C. Bernstein bavuga ko iyi miterere ya Internet of Things RFID ishobora kuzigama miliyari 8.35 z'amadolari ya Wal-Mart ku mwaka, inyinshi muri zo zikaba zikoreshwa mu kwishyura abakozi baturuka ku kudasuzuma kode zinjira n'intoki. RFID yafashije inganda z'ubucuruzi gukemura ibibazo bibiri bikomeye: kubura ibicuruzwa no gupfusha ubusa (ibicuruzwa byatakaye kubera ubujura no guhungabanya imiyoboro y'ibicuruzwa). Wal-mart ihomba hafi miliyari 2 z'amadolari ku mwaka kubera ubujura bwonyine.

2.2 Sisitemu ntoya z'amashanyarazi n'ubukanishi

MEMS isobanura sisitemu ntoya z'amashanyarazi. Ni sisitemu ntoya igizwe na sensor ntoya, micro-actuator, circuit yo gutunganya ibimenyetso no kugenzura, itumanaho n'amashanyarazi. Intego yayo ni uguhuza uburyo bwo kubona, gutunganya no gushyira mu bikorwa amakuru muri sisitemu ntoya ifite imikorere myinshi, ihujwe na sisitemu nini, kugira ngo yongere cyane urwego rw'imikorere, ubwenge n'ubwizerwe bwa sisitemu. Ni sensor rusange. Kubera ko MEMS itanga ubuzima bushya ku bintu bisanzwe, bifite imiyoboro yabyo yo kohereza amakuru, imikorere yo kubika, sisitemu z'imikorere na porogaramu zihariye, bityo bigakora umuyoboro munini w'ibikoresho. Ibi bituma interineti y'ibintu ikurikirana kandi ikarinda abantu binyuze mu bintu. Mu gihe utwaye imodoka wasinze, iyo imodoka n'urufunguzo rwo gutwika bishyizwemo ibikoresho bito, ku buryo iyo umushoferi wasinze akuyemo urufunguzo rw'imodoka, urufunguzo runyuze muri sensor y'impumuro rushobora kubona umwuka w'inzoga, ikimenyetso cy'insinga kimenyesha imodoka ako kanya "guhagarika gutangira", imodoka izaba iri mu mwanya wo kuruhuka. Muri icyo gihe, “yategetse” terefone igendanwa y’umushoferi kohereza ubutumwa bugufi ku nshuti ze n’abavandimwe be, abamenyesha aho umushoferi aherereye kandi abibutsa kubyitwaramo vuba bishoboka. Ibi ni ingaruka zo kuba “ibintu” mu isi ya interineti y’ibintu.

2.3 Imashini ikoreshwa mu gupima imashini/umuntu

M2M, mu magambo ahinnye asobanura imashini kuva kuri mashini kugera kuri mashini /Man, ni porogaramu na serivisi ihuza ikoranabuhanga hamwe n'imikorere y'ikoranabuhanga hagati y'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi nk'ishingiro. Izatuma ikintu kigenzura neza. Ikoranabuhanga rya M2M rigizwe n'ibice bitanu by'ingenzi bya tekiniki: imashini, ibikoresho bya M2M, umuyoboro w'itumanaho, ibikoresho byo hagati na porogaramu. Hashingiwe ku rubuga rwa interineti rw'ikoranabuhanga rya "cloud computing" n'umuyoboro w'ikoranabuhanga, ibyemezo bishobora gufatwa hashingiwe ku makuru yabonetse hakoreshejwe umuyoboro w'ikoranabuhanga, kandi imyitwarire y'ibintu ishobora guhinduka kugira ngo igenzurwe kandi itange ibitekerezo. Urugero, abageze mu zabukuru mu rugo bambara amasaha arimo ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, abana mu bindi bice bashobora kugenzura umuvuduko w'amaraso y'ababyeyi babo, umutima utera neza igihe icyo ari cyo cyose binyuze kuri telefoni zigendanwa; Iyo nyir'ikoranabuhanga ari ku kazi, sensor izahita ifunga amazi, amashanyarazi n'inzugi n'amadirishya, kandi yohereze ubutumwa kuri telefoni igendanwa ya nyir'ikoranabuhanga buri gihe kugira ngo imenyeshe uko umutekano uhagaze.

2.4 Ikoreshwa rya mudasobwa rishobora

Ikoranabuhanga rya "cloud computing" rigamije guhuza ibikoresho byinshi bya mudasobwa bihendutse mu buryo butunganye bufite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gukoresha mudasobwa binyuze mu muyoboro, no gukoresha uburyo bugezweho bw'ubucuruzi kugira ngo abakoresha bashobore kubona izi serivisi zikomeye zo gukoresha mudasobwa. Kimwe mu bitekerezo by'ingenzi bya "cloud computing" ni ukunoza ubushobozi bwo gukoresha "cloud", kugabanya umutwaro wo gukoresha terminal, no kubyoroshya mu buryo bworoshye bwo kwinjiza no gusohora, no kwishimira ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gukoresha "cloud" mu buryo bukenewe. Urwego rw'ubumenyi rwa interineti y'ibintu rubona amakuru menshi, kandi nyuma yo kohereza amakuru binyuze mu ruhererekane rw'itumanaho, rukabishyira ku rubuga rusanzwe, hanyuma rugakoresha "cloud computing" ikora neza kugira ngo irutunganye kandi itange amakuru y'ingirakamaro ku bakoresha.

3. Gushyira mu bikorwa

3.1 Urugo Rugezweho

Inzu y'ubwenge ni yo ikoreshwa ry'ibanze rya IoT mu rugo. Kubera ko serivisi za interineti zikunzwe cyane, ibikoresho byo mu rugo by'ubwenge bigira uruhare mu bintu byose. Nta muntu n'umwe mu rugo, ushobora gukoresha telefoni zigendanwa n'ibindi bikoresho umukiriya akora kure ya mudasobwa ikoresha icyuma gikonjesha, guhindura ubushyuhe bw'icyumba, ndetse no kumenya imico y'umukoresha, kugira ngo agere ku mikorere yo kugenzura ubushyuhe yikora, abakoresha bashobora gutaha mu mpeshyi ishyushye kugira ngo bishimire ubukonje; Binyuze kuri umukiriya kugira ngo amenye guhinduranya amatara y'ubwenge, kugenzura urumuri n'amabara y'amatara, nibindi; Wifi yubatswemo soketi, ishobora kumenya igihe cyo gukoresha cyangwa kuzimya umuriro, ndetse ishobora no gukurikirana ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi y'ibikoresho, gukora imbonerahamwe y'amashanyarazi kugira ngo umenye neza ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi, gutegura ikoreshwa ry'umutungo n'ingengo y'imari; Igipimo cy'ubwenge cyo gukurikirana ibyavuye mu myitozo. Kamera z'ubwenge, sensor z'amadirishya/inzugi, inzogera z'umuryango z'ubwenge, imashini zipima umwotsi, inzogera z'ubwenge n'ibindi bikoresho byo kugenzura umutekano ni ingenzi ku miryango. Ushobora gusohoka ku gihe kugira ngo urebe uko ibintu bimeze mu gihe nyacyo mu mfuruka iyo ari yo yose y'urugo igihe icyo ari cyo cyose n'ahantu hose hashobora kubaho, ndetse n'ingaruka z'umutekano. Ubuzima bwo mu rugo busa n'aho burambiranye bwarushijeho kuba bwiza kubera IoT.

Twe, OWON Technology, twakoze ubushakashatsi ku mazu agezweho ya IoT mu myaka 30 yose. Kugira ngo umenye byinshi, kanda kuri interineti.OWON or send email to sales@owon.com. We devote ourselfy to make your life better!

3.2 Ubwikorezi bw'ubwenge

Ikoreshwa ry'ikoranabuhanga rya Internet of Things mu mihanda rimaze gukura. Bitewe n'uko imodoka zigenda zirushaho gukundwa, urujya n'uruza rw'imodoka cyangwa ndetse no guhagarara kwabyo byabaye ikibazo gikomeye mu mijyi. Gukurikirana imiterere y'imodoka mu muhanda mu buryo bwihuse no kohereza amakuru ku gihe ku bashoferi, kugira ngo abashoferi bakore ingendo ku gihe, bigabanye neza umuvuduko w'imodoka; Sisitemu yo kwishyuza imodoka mu muhanda (ETC) yashyizweho mu masangano y'imihanda, ibi bikaba bizigama umwanya wo kubona no gusubiza ikarita ku muryango no gusohoka kandi bikongera imikorere myiza y'imodoka. Sisitemu yo gushyira bisi mu mwanya wayo ishobora gusobanukirwa inzira ya bisi n'igihe cyo kuhagera ku gihe, kandi abagenzi bashobora gufata icyemezo cyo kugenda hakurikijwe inzira, kugira ngo birinde gutakaza igihe bitari ngombwa. Bitewe n'ubwiyongere bw'imodoka zigenda zigenda zigenda, uretse guteza igitutu cy'imodoka, parikingi nayo irimo kuba ikibazo gikomeye. Imijyi myinshi yatangije sisitemu yo gucunga parikingi ku muhanda, ishingiye kuri platform ya cloud computing kandi ihuza ikoranabuhanga rya Internet of Things n'ikoranabuhanga ryo kwishyura kuri telefoni kugira ngo isangira umutungo w'imodoka no kunoza uburyo bwo guparika no korohereza abayikoresha. Sisitemu ishobora guhuza na terefone igendanwa na frequency identification mode ya RADIO. Binyuze muri porogaramu ya APP igendanwa, ishobora gusobanukirwa amakuru y’aho imodoka ziparika n’aho ziparika, gukora reservation mbere y’igihe no kwishyura no gukora ibindi bikorwa, ibyo bikaba bikemura ikibazo cy’ “aho imodoka ziparika bigoranye, aho imodoka ziparika bigoranye”.

3.3 Umutekano wa rubanda

Mu myaka ya vuba aha, ibibazo by’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ku isi bibaho kenshi, kandi ingaruka mbi n’ibiza birushaho kwiyongera. Interineti ishobora gukurikirana umutekano muke w’ibidukikije mu gihe nyacyo, gukumira mbere y’igihe, gutanga umuburo hakiri kare mu gihe nyacyo no gufata ingamba ku gihe kugira ngo igabanye ibyago by’ibiza ku buzima bw’abantu n’imitungo yabo. Mu ntangiriro za 2013, Kaminuza ya Buffalo yatanze igitekerezo cy’umushinga wa interineti yo mu nyanja y’iburengerazuba, ukoresha ibikoresho byihariye byatunganyijwe bishyirwa mu nyanja y’iburengerazuba kugira ngo bisuzume imiterere y’amazi, birinde ihumana ry’amazi yo mu nyanja, bimenye umutungo wo mu nyanja, ndetse binatange umuburo wizewe ku birebana na tsunami. Uyu mushinga wageragejwe neza mu kiyaga cyo muri ako gace, utanga ishingiro ryo kwaguka kurushaho. Ikoranabuhanga rya Interineti ry’ibintu rishobora kumenya neza amakuru y’ikirere, ubutaka, amashyamba, umutungo w’amazi n’ibindi bintu, bigira uruhare runini mu kunoza ibidukikije by’abantu.