Ingingo tugiye kuvuga uyumunsi ifitanye isano ningo zubwenge.
Iyo bigeze kumazu yubwenge, ntamuntu numwe ugomba kuba atamenyereye nabo.Kera mu ntangiriro z'iki kinyejana, igihe igitekerezo cya interineti yibintu cyavutse bwa mbere, agace gakoreshwa cyane, ni urugo rwubwenge.
Mu myaka yashize, hamwe niterambere rihoraho ryikoranabuhanga rya digitale, ibikoresho byinshi kandi byubwenge murugo byavumbuwe.Ibi byuma byazanye ubuzima bwiza mumuryango kandi byongera umunezero wo kubaho.
Igihe kirenze, uzagira porogaramu nyinshi kuri terefone yawe.
Nibyo, iki nikibazo kibangamira ibidukikije kimaze igihe kinini cyibasiye uruganda rwubwenge.
Mubyukuri, iterambere rya tekinoroji ya IoT yamye irangwa no gucikamo ibice.Porogaramu zitandukanye zerekana ibintu bitandukanye biranga tekinoroji ya IoT.Bamwe bakeneye umurongo munini, bamwe bakeneye gukoresha ingufu nke, bamwe bibanda kumutekano, abandi bahangayikishijwe cyane nigiciro.
Ibi byatumye habaho kuvanga 2/3/4 / 5G, NB-IoT, eMTC, LoRa, SigFox, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, Urudodo nubundi buryo bwikoranabuhanga bwitumanaho.
Urugo rwubwenge, narwo, ni ibintu bisanzwe bya LAN, hamwe nikoranabuhanga rigufi ryitumanaho nka Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, Urudodo, nibindi, mubyiciro byinshi no gukoresha imipaka.
Byongeye kandi, nkuko amazu yubwenge agenewe abakoresha badafite ubuhanga, abayikora bakunda kwiyubakira urubuga rwabo hamwe na UI kandi bagakoresha protocole yihariye kugirango babone uburambe bwabakoresha.Ibi byatumye habaho "intambara y'ibidukikije".
Inzitizi ziri hagati y’ibidukikije ntizateje ibibazo bitagira iherezo kubakoresha, ariko no kubacuruzi n’abateza imbere - gutangiza ibicuruzwa bimwe bisaba iterambere ryibinyabuzima bitandukanye, byongera cyane akazi nigiciro.
Kubera ko ikibazo cy’inzitizi z’ibidukikije ari imbogamizi ikomeye ku iterambere rirambye ry’amazu y’ubwenge, inganda zatangiye gukora kugira ngo zishakire igisubizo iki kibazo.
Ivuka rya protocole yibintu
Ukuboza 2019, Google na Apple binjiye muri Zigbee Alliance, bifatanya na Amazon hamwe n’amasosiyete arenga 200 hamwe n’impuguke ibihumbi n’ibihumbi ku isi hose kugira ngo bamenyekanishe porotokole nshya ya porogaramu, izwi ku izina rya Project CHIP (Connected Home over IP).
Nkuko mubibona mwizina, CHIP byose bijyanye no guhuza urugo rushingiye kuri protocole ya IP.Iyi protocole yatangijwe hagamijwe kongera ubwuzuzanye bwibikoresho, koroshya iterambere ryibicuruzwa, kunoza uburambe bwabakoresha no guteza imbere inganda imbere.
Itsinda ry’imirimo ya CHIP rimaze kuvuka, gahunda yambere yari iyo gusohora ibipimo muri 2020 no gushyira ibicuruzwa muri 2021. Ariko, kubwimpamvu zitandukanye, iyi gahunda ntiyabaye impamo.
Muri Gicurasi 2021, Ihuriro rya Zigbee ryahinduye izina ryitwa CSA (Ihuriro ry’ubuziranenge).Muri icyo gihe, umushinga wa CHIP wahinduwe izina (bisobanura "uko ibintu bimeze, ibyabaye, ibintu" mu gishinwa).
Ihuriro ryahinduwe izina kubera ko abanyamuryango benshi banze kwinjira muri Zigbee, maze CHIP ihinduka Matter, birashoboka ko ijambo CHIP ryari rizwi cyane (mbere ryasobanuraga "chip") kandi byoroshye guhanuka.
Mu Kwakira 2022, CSA yarangije gusohora verisiyo ya 1.0 ya protocole isanzwe.Mbere gato yibyo, ku ya 18 Gicurasi 2023, Ingingo ya 1.1 nayo yasohotse.
Abanyamuryango ba CSA Consortium bigabanyijemo ibyiciro bitatu: Initiator, Uwitabira na Adopter.Abatangije bari ku rwego rwo hejuru, babaye aba mbere mu kugira uruhare mu itegurwa ry’amasezerano, ni abagize Inama y’Ubuyobozi ya Alliance kandi bakagira uruhare runini mu buyobozi n’ibyemezo by’Ubumwe.
Google na Apple, nk'abahagarariye abayitangije, bagize uruhare runini mubisobanuro byambere bya Matter.
Google yatanze umusanzu wacyo wa Smart Home isanzweho hamwe na porogaramu ya porogaramu Weave (urutonde rwuburyo busanzwe bwo kwemeza hamwe namabwiriza yo gukoresha ibikoresho), mugihe Apple yatanze Umutekano wa HAP (kubitumanaho birangira kugeza ku iherezo ndetse no gukoresha LAN yaho, byemeza ubuzima bwite n'umutekano bikomeye ).
Dukurikije amakuru aheruka kurubuga rwemewe, urugaga rwa CSA rwatangijwe namasosiyete 29 yose, abayitabiriye 282 nabakiriye 238.
Bayobowe n’ibihangange, abakora inganda barimo kohereza cyane umutungo wabo wubwenge kuri Matter kandi biyemeje kubaka urusobe runini rwibumbiye hamwe.
Ibikoresho byubaka
Nyuma yibi biganiro byose, twumva dute protocole yibintu?Ni irihe sano rifitanye na Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Urudodo na Zigbee?
Ntabwo byihuse, reka turebe igishushanyo:
Iki ni igishushanyo mbonera cya protocole yububiko: Wi-Fi, Urudodo, Bluetooth (BLE) na Ethernet nibyo protocole yibanze (ibice bifatika bifatika)hejuru ni urwego rwurusobe, harimo IP protocole;hejuru ni urwego rwo gutwara, harimo TCP na UDP protocole;na Matter protocole, nkuko tumaze kubivuga, ni porogaramu igizwe na protocole.
Bluetooth na Zigbee bifite kandi umuyoboro wabigenewe, ubwikorezi hamwe na porogaramu ziyongera, hiyongereyeho protocole yibanze.
Kubwibyo, Matter ni protocole yihariye hamwe na Zigbee na Bluetooth.Kugeza ubu, protocole yonyine ishingiye kubintu ni Wi-Fi, Urudodo na Ethernet (Ethernet).
Usibye protocole yububiko, dukeneye kumenya ko Matter protocole yateguwe hamwe na filozofiya ifunguye.
Nisoko ifunguye protocole ishobora kurebwa, gukoreshwa no guhindurwa numuntu uwo ariwe wese kugirango ahuze ibintu bitandukanye nibisabwa, bizemerera inyungu za tekiniki zo gukorera mu mucyo no kwizerwa.
Umutekano wa Matter protocole nawo ni ikintu gikomeye cyo kugurisha.Ikoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho kandi igashyigikira ibanga rya nyuma kugeza iherezo kugirango irebe ko itumanaho ry’abakoresha ritibwe cyangwa ngo rihindurwe.
Uburyo bwo guhuza ibintu
Ibikurikira, turareba imiyoboro nyayo yibintu.Na none, ibi bigaragazwa nigishushanyo:
Nkuko igishushanyo kibyerekana, Ikintu ni TCP / IP ishingiye kuri protocole, Ikintu rero nikintu cyose TCP / IP yashyizwe hamwe.
Ibikoresho bya Wi-Fi na Ethernet bishyigikira protocole ya Matter birashobora guhuzwa na router idafite umugozi.Ibikoresho byinsanganyamatsiko bishyigikira protocole ya Matter birashobora kandi guhuzwa numuyoboro ushingiye kuri IP nka Wi-Fi ukoresheje Border Routers.
Ibikoresho bidashyigikira protocole ya Matter, nkibikoresho bya Zigbee cyangwa Bluetooth, birashobora guhuzwa nigikoresho cyubwoko bwikiraro (Matter Bridge / Gateway) kugirango uhindure protocole hanyuma uhuze na router idafite umugozi.
Iterambere ryinganda mubintu
Ibintu byerekana inzira muburyo bwikoranabuhanga murugo.Nkibyo, byitabiriwe cyane ninkunga ishishikaye kuva yashingwa.
Inganda zirizera cyane iterambere ryiterambere.Raporo iheruka gukorwa n’ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi ku isoko ABI Research, ivuga ko ibikoresho birenga miliyari 20 byahujwe mu buryo butemewe n’ibikoresho byo mu rugo bizagurishwa ku isi kuva mu 2022 kugeza mu 2030, kandi igice kinini cy’ubwo bwoko bw’ibikoresho kizuzuza ibisabwa.
Ikintu gikoresha uburyo bwo gutanga ibyemezo.Ababikora batezimbere ibyuma bigomba gutsinda inzira ya CSA consortium kugirango babone icyemezo cya Matteri kandi bemererwe gukoresha ikirango.
Nk’uko CSA ibivuga, ibisobanuro bifatika bizakoreshwa muburyo butandukanye bwibikoresho nkibikoresho byo kugenzura, gufunga imiryango, amatara, socket, guhinduranya, sensor, thermostat, abafana, abashinzwe ikirere, impumyi nibikoresho byitangazamakuru, bikubiyemo ibintu hafi ya byose biri muri urugo rwubwenge.
Inganda-zishingiye ku nganda, inganda zimaze kugira ibicuruzwa byinshi ibicuruzwa byatsinze ibyemezo kandi bigenda byinjira ku isoko buhoro buhoro.Kuruhande rwa chip na module abakora, hari nubufasha bukomeye kubintu.
Umwanzuro
Uruhare runini rwibintu nka protocole yo hejuru ni ugusenya inzitizi hagati yibikoresho bitandukanye na ecosystems.Abantu batandukanye bafite imyumvire itandukanye kuri Matter, bamwe bakabona ko ari umukiza abandi bakabona ko ari ahantu hasukuye.
Kuri ubu, protocole ya Matter iracyari mubyiciro byambere byo kuza kumasoko kandi byinshi cyangwa bike bihura nibibazo nibibazo, nkibiciro biri hejuru hamwe nigihe kirekire cyo kuvugurura ububiko bwibikoresho.
Ibyo ari byo byose, bizana ihungabana kumyaka ituje ya sisitemu yo murugo ikorana buhanga.Niba sisitemu ishaje igabanya iterambere ryikoranabuhanga kandi ikagabanya uburambe bwabakoresha, noneho dukeneye tekinoroji nka Matter kugirango duhaguruke dufate umurimo munini.
Niba Ikintu kizagenda neza cyangwa kitazagerwaho, ntidushobora kuvuga neza.Nyamara, ni icyerekezo cyinganda zose zifite urugo rwubwenge ninshingano za buri sosiyete naba pratique munganda guha imbaraga ikoranabuhanga rya digitale mubuzima bwo murugo no gukomeza kunoza ubunararibonye bwa digitale kubakoresha.
Twizere ko urugo rwubwenge ruzavunika ingoyi zose za tekiniki kandi rwose zinjira murugo rwose.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-29-2023