Ingingo tugiye kuvuga kuri uyumunsi rifite gukora hamwe namazu meza.
Ku bijyanye n'amazu meza, ntawe ukwiye kuba utamenyereye nabo. Tugarutse mu ntangiriro z'iki kinyejana, igihe igitekerezo cya interineti cyibintu cyavutse bwa mbere, ahantu h'ingenzi, ni inzu yubwenge.
Mu myaka yashize, hamwe no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rya digitale, ibiryo byinshi byubwenge kugirango urugo ruvumburwa. Ibyuma byazanye uburyo bwiza mubuzima bwumuryango kandi byongera umunezero wo kubaho.
Igihe kirenze, uzagira porogaramu nyinshi kuri terefone yawe.
Nibyo, iki ni ikibazo cyibidukikije cyarwaye cyane inganda zubwenge.
Mubyukuri, iterambere ryikoranabuhanga rya IOT ryamye rirangwa no gucamo ibice. Ibice bitandukanye bya porogaramu bihuye nibiranga bitandukanye bya Technologies. Bamwe bakeneye umurongo munini, bamwe bakeneye gukoresha imbaraga nke, zimwe zibanda kumutekano, kandi bamwe bahangayikishijwe cyane nibiciro.
Ibi byatanze umusaruro uvangwa na 2 / 3/12 / 5g, NB-Iot, EmTc, Lora, Wigfox, Bluetooth, Zigbee, Urudodo hamwe nizindi ikoraniri ryitumanaho.
Urugo rwubwenge, narwo, ni ibintu bisanzwe lan, hamwe nikoranabuhanga rigufi nka Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, Urudodo, mubice byinshi kandi bikakoresha.
Byongeye kandi, nk'amazu y'ubwenge agenewe abakoresha badafite inzobere, abakora bakunda kubaka ibibuga byabo ndetse na UI Imigaragarire ya UI kandi bafata porogaramu ya nyirubwite ku buryo bwo gukoresha protocole. Ibi byatumye "intambara y'ibidukikije".
Inzitizi hagati yibinyabuzima ntabwo byateje ibibazo bitagira iherezo kubakoresha, ahubwo no kubacuruzi nabashinzwe iterambere - gutangiza ibicuruzwa bimwe bisaba iterambere ryibinyabuzima bitandukanye, bikaba byinshi.
Kubera ko ikibazo cy'inzitizi z'ibidukikije ari inzitizi zikomeye mu iterambere ry'igihe kirekire ry'amazu y'ubwenge, inganda zatangiye gukora mu gushakira igisubizo iki kibazo.
Ivuka ryibintu bya protocole
Ukuboza 2019, Google na Apple binjiye muri Zigbee, hamwe na Amazone n'ibigo birenga 200 hamwe n'impuguke ibihumbi n'ibihumbi ku isi hose hagamijwe guteza imbere Porotokole.
Nkuko mubibona mwizina, Chip yose yese ihuza inzu ishingiye kuri IP Porotokole. Iyi protocole yatangijwe hagamijwe kongera ibikoresho byo kongera ibikoresho, koroshya iterambere ryibicuruzwa, kunoza uburambe bwumukoresha no gutwara inganda imbere.
Nyuma yitsinda rya Chip ryavutse, gahunda yumwimerere yari iyo kurekura ibipimo muri 2020 no gutangiza ibicuruzwa muri 2021. Ariko, kubwimpamvu zitandukanye, iyi gahunda ntabwo yaremye.
Muri Gicurasi 2021, ubumwe bwa Zigbee bwahinduye izina kuri CSA (guhuza amahame ahuza). Muri icyo gihe, umushinga wa Chip wahinduwe ku bintu (bisobanura "ibintu, ibyabaye, mu Gishinwa).
Ihuriro ryahinduwe kuberako abanyamuryango benshi banze kwinjira muri Zigbee, na Chip yahinduwe n'ikibazo, birashoboka ko ijambo Chip ryari rizwi cyane (byasobanuraga cyane.
Mu Kwakira 2022, CSA amaherezo yasohoye verisiyo 1.0 yikibazo protocole isanzwe. Mbere gato yibyo, ku ya 18 Gicurasi 2023, uko verisiyo 1.1 na we yarekuwe.
Abanyamuryango ba Consortium bagabanijwemo ibice bitatu: uwatangije, abitabiriye amahugurwa no kuba bamerewe. Initiators are at the highest level, being the first to participate in the drafting of the protocol, are members of the Alliance's Board of Directors and participate to some extent in the leadership and decisions of the Alliance.
Google na Apple, nk'abahagarariye abayitabye, bagize uruhare runini mu bisobanuro byambere.
Google yatanze umusanzu wayo rwubwenge bwa Smart hamwe na Porotocole ya Porotocole (urutonde rwiburyo bwo kwemeza gisanzwe namabwiriza yo gukora neza (mugihe cya Apple Concess Contress (kubitumanaho byanyuma, kugirango ubone ubuzima bwite).
Nk'uko amakuru aheruka ku rubuga rwemewe, ansubirekana nyuma y'amasosiyete 29 yose, hamwe n'abantu 282 na 238.
Uyobowe n'ibihangange, abakinnyi b'inganda barimo kohereza mu mahanga umutungo wabo w'ikibazo kandi biyemeje kubaka ibinyabuzima binini bihujwe.
Ubwubatsi bwa protokole
Nyuma yibi biganiro byose, ni ubuhe buryo bwo gusobanukirwa neza ikibazo protocole? Ni ubuhe bucuti bwabwo na Wi-fi, Bluetooth, urudodo na Zigbee?
Ntabwo byihuse, reka turebe igishushanyo:
Iki nigishushanyo cyubwubatsi bwubwubatsi: Wi-fi, urudodo, Bluetooth (ble) na ethernet ni protocole yimbere ( hejuru ni umuyoboro wa Network, harimo nap protocole; hejuru ni urwego rwo gutwara, harimo TCP na Porotokole; Kandi ikibazo protocole, nkuko tumaze kuvuga, ni porogaramu yo gushyiramo protocole.
Bluetooth na Zigbee nabo bafite umuyoboro witanze, ubwikorezi no gusaba, hiyongereyeho protocole yihishe.
Kubwibyo, ibintu ni protocole yihariye hamwe na zigbee na bluetooth. Kugeza ubu, protocole yonyine yibanze yikibazo gishyigikiye ni Wi-fi, urudodo na Ethernet (Ethernet).
Usibye ubwubatsi bwa protokole, dukeneye kumenya ko ikibazo cya protocole cyateguwe hamwe na filozofiya ifunguye.
Ninkomoko ifunguye ishobora kurebwa, ikoreshwa kandi ihindurwa numuntu wese kugirango ahuze ibintu bitandukanye nibikenewe, bizemerera inyungu za tekiniki yo gukorera mu mucyo no kwizerwa.
Umutekano wikibazo Porotokole nacyo ni ikintu gikomeye cyo kugurisha. Ikoresha tekinoroji igezweho ibanga kandi ishyigikira encryption-irangira kugirango itumanaho ryabakoresha ritibwe cyangwa rihindurwe.
Icyitegererezo cya network
Ibikurikira, turareba imirongo nyayo yikibazo. Na none, ibi bigaragazwa nigishushanyo:
Mugihe igishushanyo cyerekana, ibintu ni tcp / ip ishingiye kuri protocole, gusa ibintu byose tcp / ip byashyizwemo.
Ibikoresho bya Wi-Fi na Ethernet bishyigikira ikibazo protocole ishobora guhuzwa muri router idafite umugozi. Ibikoresho byumutwe bishyigikira ikibazo protocole irashobora kandi guhuza imiyoboro ishingiye kuri IP nka Wi-Fi Binyuze mubikorwa byumupaka.
Ibikoresho bidashyigikiye ikibazo cya protocole, nkibikoresho bya Zigbee cyangwa Bluetooth cyangwa Bluetooth, birashobora guhuzwa nigikoresho cyikiraro cyakira (ikibazo cyubwoko bwikiraro (ikibazo) kugirango uhindure protocole hanyuma uhuza na router.
Inganda zitera imbere
Ikintu kigereranya inzira mubuhanga bwo murugo. Nkibyo, byagaragaye cyane hamwe ninkunga ishishikaye kuva yashingwa.
Inganda zizeye cyane kubibazo byiterambere. Nk'uko raporo iherutse ku bijyanye n'ubushakashatsi ku isoko africi ishingiye ku isoko, miliyari zirenga 20 zidafite ubwenge zijyanye no gucuruzwa ngo zive ku isi kuva 2022 kugeza 2030, kandi igipimo kinini cy'ibi bikoresho kizahuza nikibazo.
Ibintu bikoresha ubu buryo bukoresha uburyo bwo kwemeza. Abakora batezimbere ibyuma bikeneye gutsinda uburyo bwo kwemeza CSA kugirango bakire ikibazo kandi bemererwe gukoresha ikirangantego.
Nk'uko CSA, ikibazo kivuga ko gikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye bwo kugenzura ibice, gufunga imiryango, amatara, impumuro, impumuro, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, imihindagurikire, imiti, imihindagurikire, imihindagurikire, ibihuha, ibihuha, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, imiti, imiti, imiti, imiti, imihindagurikire, imiti, imihindagurikire, imihindagurikire, impumuro, ibiti, ibihuha, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, imiti, ibiti, ibiti, imiti, imihindagurikire y'ikirere, ibiti, ibiti, imiti, imihindagurikire y'ikirere, ibiti, ibiti, imihindagurikire y'ikirere, ibiti, imiti, imiti, imiti, imiti, imihindagurikire y'ikirere, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti, ibihume, bitwikiriye hafi ya sonane mu rugo rwubwenge.
Inganda-Umunyabwenge, inganda zimaze kuba zifite umubare wabakora ibicuruzwa byatsinze ibitekerezo kandi bigagenda byinjira mu isoko. Ku gice cya chip na module, hariho kandi inkunga ikomeye kubintu.
Umwanzuro
Uruhare rukomeye nka protocole yo hejuru ni ugusenya inzitizi hagati y'ibikoresho bitandukanye na vino. Abantu batandukanye bafite ibitekerezo bitandukanye kubintu, hamwe na bamwe babibona nkumukiza nabandi bakabona ari urushyi rusukuye.
Kuri ubu, ikibazo protocole iracyari mubyiciro byambere byo kuza kumasoko nibindi byinshi mubibazo bimwe nibibazo, nkibiciro byo hejuru hamwe no kuvugurura igihe cyo kuvugurura ibikoresho.
Ibyo ari byo byose, bizana ihungabana ry'iminsi mibi ya Smarty Ikoranabuhanga mu rugo. Niba sisitemu ya kera igabanya iterambere ryikoranabuhanga no kugabanya uburambe bwumukoresha, noneho dukeneye ikoranabuhanga nkigitekerezo cyo guhaguruka no gufata umwanya munini.
Niba ikibazo kizaba intsinzi cyangwa sibyo, ntidushobora kuvuga neza. Ariko, icyerekezo cyinganda zubwenge bwose hamwe ninshingano za buri sosiyete hamwe nuwimenyereza mu nganda kugirango bahabwe ikoranabuhanga rya digitale mu buzima bwo murugo no kunoza uburambe bwabakoresha.
Twizere ko urugo rwubwenge ruzahita dusenya ingoyi zose kandi ruza muri buri rugo.
Igihe cya nyuma: Jun-29-2023