Ingingo tugiye kuvugaho uyu munsi ijyanye n'amazu meza.
Ku bijyanye n'amazu agezweho, nta muntu n'umwe ukwiye kuyamenyera. Mu ntangiriro z'iki kinyejana, ubwo igitekerezo cya interineti y'ibintu cyavukaga bwa mbere, igice cy'ingenzi cyo gukoresha, cyari urugo rugezweho.
Mu myaka yashize, hamwe n’iterambere rihoraho ry’ikoranabuhanga, hagiye havumburwa ibikoresho byinshi by’ikoranabuhanga byo mu rugo. Ibi bikoresho byazanye uburyo bworohereza umuryango kandi byongera ibyishimo byo kubaho.
Uko igihe kigenda gihita, uzagira porogaramu nyinshi kuri telefoni yawe.
Yego, iki ni ikibazo cy’imbogamizi ku bidukikije kimaze igihe kinini cyugarije inganda zikora ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga mu ngo.
Mu by’ukuri, iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rya IoT ryagiye rirangwa no gucikamo ibice. Uburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha buhura n’imiterere itandukanye y’ikoranabuhanga rya IoT. Bumwe bukenera uburyo bwinshi bwo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga, ubundi bukenera ingufu nke, ubundi bukibanda ku gutuza, kandi bumwe buhangayikishijwe cyane n’ikiguzi.
Ibi byatumye habaho uruvange rwa 2/3/4/5G, NB-IoT, eMTC, LoRa, SigFox, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, Thread n'izindi koranabuhanga zishingiye ku itumanaho.
Urugo rugezweho, narwo ni ikoranabuhanga risanzwe rya LAN, rifite ikoranabuhanga ry'itumanaho riciriritse nka Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, Thread, n'ibindi, mu byiciro bitandukanye no mu mikoreshereze itandukanye.
Byongeye kandi, kubera ko amazu agezweho agamije abayakoresha batari inzobere, abakora bakunze kubaka urubuga rwabo bwite na interfaces za UI kandi bagakoresha protocole z’urwego rw’ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho kugira ngo barebe ko abakoresha barushaho kugira ubunararibonye. Ibi byatumye habaho "intambara y’ibidukikije" iriho ubu.
Imbogamizi hagati y’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima ntizateje ibibazo bitagira ingano ku bakoresha gusa, ahubwo zateje n’abacuruzi n’abakora umushinga - gutangiza ibicuruzwa bimwe bisaba iterambere ry’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima bitandukanye, bikongera cyane akazi n’ikiguzi.
Kubera ko ikibazo cy’imbogamizi ku bidukikije ari imbogamizi ikomeye ku iterambere ry’igihe kirekire ry’amazu agezweho, inganda zatangiye gukora ku gushaka igisubizo cy’iki kibazo.
Ivuka rya protocole ya Matter
Mu Ukuboza 2019, Google na Apple binjiye muri Zigbee Alliance, bifatanya na Amazon n'ibigo birenga 200 n'ibihumbi by'impuguke ku isi yose mu kwamamaza porogaramu nshya y'urwego rw'ikoreshwa, izwi nka Project CHIP (Connected Home over IP).
Nkuko bigaragara ku izina, CHIP igamije guhuza urugo hashingiwe kuri protocole za IP. Iyi protocole yatangijwe hagamijwe kongera imikoranire y’ibikoresho, koroshya iterambere ry’ibicuruzwa, kunoza ubunararibonye bw’abakoresha no guteza imbere inganda.
Nyuma y’uko itsinda rishinzwe CHIP rivutse, gahunda ya mbere yari iyo gushyira ahagaragara ibipimo ngenderwaho mu 2020 no gutangiza umusaruro mu 2021. Ariko, kubera impamvu zitandukanye, iyi gahunda ntiyashyizwe mu bikorwa.
Muri Gicurasi 2021, Zigbee Alliance yahinduye izina ryayo yitwa CSA (Connectivity Standards Alliance). Muri icyo gihe, umushinga wa CHIP wahinduriwe izina witwa Matter (bivuze "imimerere, ibyabaye, ikintu" mu Gishinwa).
Ishyirahamwe ryahinduriwe izina kubera ko abanyamuryango benshi batifuzaga kwinjira muri Zigbee, maze CHIP ihinduka Matter, birashoboka ko ijambo CHIP ryari rizwi cyane (mu ntangiriro ryasobanuraga "chip") kandi byari byoroshye cyane kurihagarika.
Mu Ukwakira 2022, CSA yaje gusohora verisiyo ya 1.0 ya protocole isanzwe ya Matter. Mbere gato y'ibyo, ku ya 18 Gicurasi 2023, verisiyo ya Matter 1.1 nayo yarasohotse.
Abanyamuryango ba CSA Consortium bagabanyijemo ibyiciro bitatu: Uwatangije, Uwagize uruhare n'uwakiriye. Abatangije bari ku rwego rwo hejuru, bakaba ari bo ba mbere bagize uruhare mu gutegura protocole, ni abagize Inama y'Ubuyobozi y'Umuryango kandi bagira uruhare mu buyobozi n'ibyemezo by'Umuryango.
Google na Apple, nk'abahagarariye abatangije, bagize uruhare runini mu gusobanura Matter mbere.
Google yatanze uburyo bwo gukoresha interineti bwa Smart Home na porogaramu yayo Weave (uburyo busanzwe bwo kwemeza no gukoresha amabwiriza akoreshwa mu gukoresha igikoresho), mu gihe Apple yatanze uburyo bwo gukoresha HAP Security (mu gutumanaho kuva ku iherezo kugeza ku iherezo no gukoresha LAN yo mu gace, kugira ngo habeho ubuzima bwite n'umutekano ukomeye).
Amakuru aheruka ku rubuga rwemewe agaragaza ko ihuriro rya CSA ryatangijwe n’ibigo 29, aho abantu 282 bitabiriye amahugurwa n’abantu 238 bafashe aya mahugurwa.
Bayobowe n'ibihangange, abakinnyi b'inganda barimo kohereza mu mahanga umutungo wabo bwite mu by'ubwenge kuri Matter kandi biyemeje kubaka urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima ruhuriweho neza.
Imiterere ya protocole ya Matter
Nyuma y'ibi biganiro byose, ni gute twumva neza protocole ya Matter? Ni iyihe sano ifitanye na Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Thread na Zigbee?
Ntabwo ari vuba cyane, reka turebe igishushanyo mbonera:
Iyi ni igishushanyo mbonera cy’imiterere ya protocole: Wi-Fi, Thread, Bluetooth (BLE) na Ethernet ni protocole z’ibanze (ibice by’umubiri n’ibihuza amakuru); hejuru hari urwego rw’umuyoboro, harimo na protocole za IP; hejuru hari urwego rw’ubwikorezi, harimo na protocole za TCP na UDP; naho protocole ya Matter, nk’uko twabivuze, ni protocole y’urwego rw’ibikorwa.
Bluetooth na Zigbee bifite uburyo bwihariye bwo gukoresha umuyoboro, ubwikorezi n'uburyo bwo gukoresha porogaramu, hiyongereyeho porotokoli zishingiyeho.
Bityo rero, Matter ni protocole ihuriweho na Zigbee na Bluetooth. Kuri ubu, protocole zonyine Matter ishyigikira ni Wi-Fi, Thread na Ethernet (Ethernet).
Uretse imiterere ya protocole, tugomba kumenya ko protocole ya Matter yakozwe ifite filozofiya ifunguye.
Ni protocole y’isoko rifunguye ishobora kurebwa, gukoreshwa no guhindurwa n’umuntu uwo ari we wese kugira ngo ihuze n’ibibazo bitandukanye bya porogaramu n’ibyo akeneye, ibyo bikazatuma habaho inyungu za tekiniki zo gukorera mu mucyo no kwizerwa.
Umutekano wa protocole ya Matter na wo ni ikintu gikomeye kigurishwa. Ikoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gukingira amakuru kandi ishyigikira uburyo bwo gukingira amakuru kuva ku rundi ruhande kugeza ku rundi kugira ngo itumanaho ry'abakoresha ritaba ryibwe cyangwa ngo ribangamirwe.
Uburyo bwa Matter bwo guhuza abantu
Hanyuma, turareba uburyo ibintu bihurirana. Ibi bigaragazwa n'igishushanyo mbonera:
Nkuko igishushanyo mbonera kibigaragaza, Matter ni protocole ishingiye kuri TCP/IP, bityo Matter ni icyo TCP/IP yashyizwemo cyose.
Ibikoresho bya Wi-Fi na Ethernet bishyigikira protocole ya Matter bishobora guhuzwa mu buryo butaziguye na router idafite umugozi. Ibikoresho by'imigozi bishyigikira protocole ya Matter bishobora kandi guhuzwa n'imiyoboro ishingiye kuri IP nka Wi-Fi binyuze kuri Routers za Border.
Ibikoresho bidashyigikira protocole ya Matter, nka Zigbee cyangwa Bluetooth, bishobora guhuzwa n'igikoresho cyo mu bwoko bwa bridge (Matter Bridge/Gateway) kugira ngo bihindure protocole hanyuma bihuzwe na router idakoresha umugozi.
Iterambere ry'inganda muri Matter
Ibintu bigaragaza ikoranabuhanga rigezweho mu rugo. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ryakunze kwitabwaho cyane kandi rishyigikiwe cyane kuva ryashingwa.
Uru rwego rufite icyizere gikomeye ku iterambere rya Matter. Nk’uko raporo iherutse gukorwa n’ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi ku isoko cya ABI Research ibigaragaza, ibikoresho birenga miliyari 20 byo mu rugo bifite umugozi bizagurishwa ku isi yose kuva mu 2022 kugeza mu 2030, kandi igice kinini cy’ibyo bikoresho kizaba cyujuje ibisabwa na Matter.
Ubu Matter ikoresha uburyo bwo kwemeza. Abakora ibikoresho bakeneye gutsinda inzira yo kwemeza ishyirahamwe rya CSA kugira ngo babone icyemezo cya Matter kandi bemererwe gukoresha ikirango cya Matter.
Nk’uko CSA ibivuga, ibipimo bya Matter bizakoreshwa ku bwoko butandukanye bw’ibikoresho nko kugenzura, ingufuri z’inzugi, amatara, amasoko, swichi, sensor, thermostat, fans, controllers, blinds n’ibikoresho by’itangazamakuru, bikubiyemo hafi ya byose mu nzu ikoresha ubwenge.
Mu rwego rw'inganda, uru ruganda rumaze kugira abakora ibicuruzwa byabo byatsindiye icyemezo cya Matter kandi biri kwinjira ku isoko buhoro buhoro. Ku ruhande rw'abakora chip na module, hari kandi inkunga ikomeye ya Matter.
Umwanzuro
Uruhare rukomeye rwa Matter nk'uburyo bwo hejuru bwo kugenzura ibintu ni ugusenya inzitizi ziri hagati y'ibikoresho bitandukanye n'ibidukikije. Abantu batandukanye bafite imyumvire itandukanye kuri Matter, bamwe bakayibona nk'umukiza abandi bakayibona nk'aho ari inzira y'ibanze.
Kugeza ubu, protocole ya Matter iracyari mu ntangiriro zo kugurishwa kandi mu buryo bunyuranye ihura n'ibibazo n'imbogamizi bimwe na bimwe, nko kwiyongera kw'ibiciro no kongera igihe kirekire cyo kuvugurura ibikoresho.
Uko byagenda kose, bitera ubwoba imyaka idashimishije ya sisitemu z’ikoranabuhanga zo mu rugo. Niba sisitemu ishaje ibangamira iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga kandi ikagabanya ubunararibonye bw’abakoresha, dukeneye ko ikoranabuhanga nka Matter rirushaho gutera imbere rigafata inshingano zikomeye.
Ntitwakwemeza niba Matter izagenda neza cyangwa itazagira icyo igeraho. Ariko, ni icyerekezo cy'inganda zose zikora ibijyanye no kubaka amazu agezweho n'ikoranabuhanga, kandi ni inshingano za buri sosiyete n'abakora muri urwo rwego guha imbaraga ikoranabuhanga mu buzima bwo mu rugo no kunoza buri gihe uburyo abakoresha babayeho mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga.
Nizeye ko inzu nziza izahita ikuraho imigozi yose ya tekiniki kandi igere mu rugo rwose.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-29-2023