Igenzura ry’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere (IOT) rifasha kugabanya ingufu no kongera imikorere myiza
1. Kugenzura neza kugira ngo ugabanye ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho no kongera imikorere myiza
Ku bijyanye na IOT, biroroshye guhuza ijambo "IOT" mu izina n'ishusho y'ubwenge y'isano ry'ibintu byose, ariko twirengagiza uburyo bwo kugenzura inyuma y'isano ry'ibintu byose, ari na yo gaciro kadasanzwe ka IOT na interineti bitewe n'ibintu bitandukanye bihuza. Iyi ni agaciro kadasanzwe ka interineti y'ibintu na interineti bitewe n'itandukaniro ry'ibintu bifitanye isano.
Dushingiye kuri ibi, hanyuma dufungura igitekerezo cyo kugabanya ikiguzi no kunoza umusaruro no kuwukoresha binyuze mu kugenzura ibintu/ibintu biwukora mu buryo bw’ubwenge.
Urugero, gukoresha IoT mu bijyanye n'imikorere y'amashanyarazi bishobora gufasha abakoresha amashanyarazi kugenzura neza ihererekanya ry'amashanyarazi no kuyakwirakwiza no kunoza imikorere myiza y'ihererekanya ry'amashanyarazi. Binyuze mu byuma bipima n'ibipimo by'ubwenge (smart meters) kugira ngo hakusanywe amakuru mu buryo butandukanye, hamwe n'ubwenge bw'ubukorano, isesengura ry'amakuru menshi kugira ngo habeho inama nziza zo gukoresha ingufu, bishobora kuzigama 16% by'ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi ritaha.
Mu rwego rw’inganda zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya IoT, dufate urugero rwa Sany rwa "uruganda rwa 18", mu gace kamwe k’umusaruro, ubushobozi bw’uruganda rwa 18 mu 2022 buziyongeraho 123%, ubushobozi bw’abakozi buziyongeraho 98%, kandi ikiguzi cy’inganda zikora kizagabanukaho 29%. Imyaka 18 gusa y’amakuru rusange yerekana ko amafaranga yo gukora azigamwe agera kuri miliyoni 100 z’amayuan.
Byongeye kandi, interineti y’ibintu ishobora kandi kugira ubuhanga butangaje mu kuzigama ingufu mu bintu bitandukanye mu kubaka umujyi ukoresheje ubuhanga, nko kugenzura amatara yo mu mijyi, kuyobora imodoka mu buryo bw’ubwenge, gukwirakwiza imyanda mu buryo bw’ubwenge, nibindi, binyuze mu mabwiriza yoroshye yo kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’ingufu no guteza imbere kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere.
2. IOT idakora, igice cya kabiri cy'isiganwa
Ni ibyitezwe kuri buri nganda kugabanya ingufu no kongera imikorere. Ariko buri nganda amaherezo zizahura n'igihe "Itegeko rya Moore" rinanirwa hakurikijwe urwego runaka rwa tekiniki, bityo kugabanya ingufu bikaba inzira yizewe cyane y'iterambere.
Mu myaka ya vuba aha, inganda za interineti y’ibintu zagiye zitera imbere vuba kandi zinoza imikorere, ariko ikibazo cy’ingufu nacyo kiri hafi. Nk’uko bitangazwa na IDC, Gatner n’indi miryango, mu 2023, isi ishobora gukenera bateri miliyari 43 kugira ngo itange ingufu zikenewe ku bikoresho byose bya IoT byo kuri interineti kugira ngo bikusanyirize, bisesengure kandi byohereze amakuru. Kandi nk’uko raporo ya bateri ya CIRP ibivuga, icyifuzo cy’abateri ba lithiyumu ku isi kizikuba inshuro icumi ku myaka 30. Ibi bizatuma habaho igabanuka ryihuse cyane ry’ibikoresho fatizo byo gukora bateri, kandi mu gihe kirekire, ahazaza ha IoT hazaba huzuyemo gushidikanya gukomeye niba ishobora gukomeza kwishingikiriza ku ngufu za bateri.
Binyuze muri ibi, IoT idakoresha ikoranabuhanga ishobora kwagura urwego rwagutse rw'iterambere.
IoT idakoreshejwe mu ikoranabuhanga rya mbere yari igisubizo cy’inyongera ku buryo gakondo bwo gutanga amashanyarazi kugira ngo igabanuke ikiguzi cyo gukoresha ingufu nyinshi. Kuri ubu, inganda zasuzumye ikoranabuhanga rya RFID ryubatse uburyo bwo gukoresha ingufu bugezweho, sensor zikoresha ingufu zidakoreshejwe nazo zifite porogaramu y’ibanze.
Ariko ibi ntibihagije na gato. Hamwe no gushyira mu bikorwa ivugurura ry’amahame agenga karubone ebyiri, ibigo bigamije kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere bike bigomba gushishikariza ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga ritakoreshejwe kugira ngo birusheho guteza imbere imiterere y’aho ibintu bibera, kubaka sisitemu ya IOT itakoreshejwe bizarekura ubushobozi bwa matrix ya IOT itakoreshejwe. Dushobora kuvuga ko ni nde ushobora gukina IoT itakoreshejwe, ni nde wasobanukiwe igice cya kabiri cya IoT.
Ongera akavuyo ka karuboni
Kubaka urubuga runini rwo gucunga imigozi ya IOT
Kugira ngo intego ya karuboni ebyiri igerweho, ntibihagije kwishingikiriza gusa ku "kugabanya amafaranga akoreshwa", ahubwo bigomba kongera "isoko ryigenga". N'ubundi kandi, Ubushinwa nk'igihugu cya mbere ku isi mu ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, umuntu umwe ashobora kugera kuri kimwe cya kabiri kugeza kuri kimwe cya gatanu cya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Ubuhinde, Uburusiya n'Ubuyapani bihuriweho. Kandi kuva ku gasongero ka karuboni kugeza ku gasongero ka karuboni, ibihugu byateye imbere bisezeranya kurangiza imyaka 60, ariko Ubushinwa bufite imyaka 30 gusa, bishobora kuvugwa ko inzira ari ndende. Kubwibyo, gukuraho karuboni bigomba kuba agace gashingiye kuri politiki kazatezwa imbere mu gihe kizaza.
Iyi nyandiko ivuga ko gukuraho karuboni ahanini bikorwa binyuze mu gukwirakwiza karuboni na ogisijeni mu rusobe rw'ibinyabuzima no mu gufata karuboni ikoresheje ikoranabuhanga.
Kuri ubu, imishinga yo gufata karuboni no gukwirakwiza amazi yakozwe neza, cyane cyane mu bwoko bw'amashyamba gakondo, gutera amashyamba, ibihingwa, ibishanga n'inyanja. Ukurikije imishinga yatangajwe kugeza ubu, gutera karuboni mu butaka bw'amashyamba ni byo bifite umubare munini kandi munini kurusha ibindi, kandi inyungu nazo ni nyinshi cyane, aho agaciro k'ubucuruzi bwa karuboni mu mishinga imwe n'imwe kangana na miliyari.
Nkuko twese tubizi, kurengera amashyamba ni cyo gice kigoye cyane mu kurinda ibidukikije, kandi igice gito cyane cy’ubucuruzi bw’ibigega bya karuboni mu mashyamba ni metero 10.000, kandi ugereranije n’uburyo busanzwe bwo kugenzura ibiza, ibigega bya karuboni mu mashyamba nabyo bikenera imicungire ya buri munsi harimo no gupima ibigega bya karuboni. Ibi bisaba igikoresho gifite imikorere myinshi gipima karuboni no gukumira inkongi nk'aho ari igikoresho cyo gukusanya amakuru ajyanye n'ikirere, ubushuhe n'ibyuka bya karuboni mu gihe nyacyo kugira ngo bifashe abakozi mu kugenzura no gucunga.
Uko imicungire y’ibiziba bya karuboni igenda irushaho kuba ubushishozi, ishobora no guhuzwa n’ikoranabuhanga rya interineti y’ibintu kugira ngo hubakwe urubuga rw’amakuru ajyanye n’ibiziba bya karuboni, rushobora gukora imicungire y’ibiziba bya karuboni "igaragara, igenzurwa, igenzurwa kandi ikurikiranwa".
Isoko rya Karuboni
Igenzura rihoraho ry’ibaruramari rya karuboni ry’ubwenge
Isoko ry’ubucuruzi bwa karuboni rikorwa hashingiwe ku bipimo by’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, kandi ibigo bifite amafaranga adahagije yo kugura inguzanyo z’inyongera za karuboni mu bigo bifite amafaranga y’inyongera kugira ngo bigere ku kubahiriza amategeko agenga ibyuka bihumanya ikirere buri mwaka.
Ku ruhande rw'abashaka, itsinda rishinzwe TFVCM riteganya ko isoko ry'isi yose rishobora kwiyongera rikagera kuri toni miliyari 1.5-2 z'inguzanyo za karuboni mu 2030, aho isoko mpuzamahanga ry'inguzanyo za karuboni rizaba riri hagati ya miliyari 30 na 50 z'amadolari y'Amerika. Hatabayeho inzitizi ku isoko, ibi bishobora kwiyongera inshuro zigera ku 100 bikagera kuri toni miliyari 7-13 z'inguzanyo za karuboni ku mwaka mu 2050. Ingano y'isoko izagera kuri miliyari 200 z'amadolari y'Amerika.
Isoko ry’ubucuruzi bwa karuboni ririmo kwaguka vuba, ariko ubushobozi bwo kubara karuboni ntibwajyanye n’uko isoko rikeneye.
Kugeza ubu, uburyo bwo kubara imyuka ihumanya ikirere mu Bushinwa bushingiye ahanini ku kubara no gupima mu gace runaka, mu buryo bubiri: gupima macro bya leta no gutanga raporo ku bigo. Ibigo byishingikiriza ku gukusanya amakuru n'ibikoresho bishyigikira kugira ngo bikore raporo buri gihe, kandi inzego za leta zikora igenzura rimwe ku rindi.
Icya kabiri, uburyo bwo gupima ibintu bukoreshwa na leta butwara igihe kinini kandi bukunze gusohoka rimwe mu mwaka, bityo ibigo bishobora kwiyandikisha gusa ku giciro kiri hanze y’umubare wagenwe, ariko ntibishobora guhindura umusaruro wabyo wo kugabanya karuboni ku gihe hakurikijwe ibyavuye mu bipimo.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, uburyo bwo kubara karuboni mu Bushinwa muri rusange buri mu nzira idafite ishingiro, irasubitswe kandi ikoreshwa mu buryo bwa tekiniki, kandi butanga umwanya wo guhimba amakuru ya karuboni no kwangiza ibarura rya karuboni.
Gukurikirana karuboni, nk'inkunga y'ingenzi kuri sisitemu y'ubufasha mu ibaruramari no kugenzura, ni ishingiro ryo kwemeza ko amakuru ajyanye n'ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ari ukuri, ndetse n'ishingiro ryo gusuzuma ingaruka z'ubushyuhe n'ikigereranyo cyo gushyiraho ingamba zo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere.
Kugeza ubu, hari amahame asobanutse yo kugenzura karubone yatanzwe na leta, inganda n'amatsinda, kandi inzego zitandukanye z'ubuyobozi bw'ibanze nka Taizhou City mu Ntara ya Jiangsu nazo zashyizeho amahame ya mbere y'ibanze mu rwego rwo kugenzura imyuka ihumanya ikirere mu Bushinwa.
Bigaragara ko hashingiwe ku bikoresho by’ubwenge byo gukusanya amakuru y’ingenzi mu ikorwa ry’ibigo mu gihe nyacyo, ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga rya blockchain, interineti y’ibintu, isesengura ry’amakuru menshi n’andi makoranabuhanga, kubaka umusaruro w’ibigo n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, sisitemu yo kugenzura ikoreshwa ry’ingufu mu gihe nyacyo hamwe n’icyitegererezo cy’ubuhanuzi hakiri kare byabaye ngombwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-17-2023