JADC2 (Joint All-Domain Command and Control) ikunze kuvugwa nk'iy'ubugizi bwa nabi: OODA loop, kill chain, na sensor-to-effector. Ubwugarizi buri mu gice cya "C2" cya JADC2, ariko si byo byaje mu mutwe bwa mbere.
Dukoresheje urugero rw'umupira w'amaguru, umukinnyi wa quarterback ahabwa amahirwe yo kwitabwaho, ariko ikipe ifite ubwugarizi bwiza - yaba ari ukwiruka cyangwa guhana imipira - akenshi igera kuri shampiyona.
Sisitemu nini yo kurwanya indege (LAIRCM) ni imwe muri sisitemu za IRCM za Northrop Grumman kandi itanga uburinzi ku bisasu bya infrared-controlled. Yashyizwe ku bikoresho birenga 80. Haruguru hagaragara CH-53E. Ifoto yatanzwe na Northrop Grumman.
Mu isi y’intambara y’ikoranabuhanga (EW), electromagnetic spectrum ifatwa nk’ikibuga cy’imikino, ifite amayeri nko kwibasira no gushuka abantu kugira ngo batere ndetse n’ibindi byitwa ingamba zo kwirinda.
Igisirikare gikoresha spectrum ya electromagnetic (y’ingenzi ariko itagaragara) kugira ngo gishobore gutahura, gishuke kandi gihagarike abanzi mu gihe kirinda imbaraga z’inshuti. Kugenzura spectrum bigenda birushaho kuba ingenzi uko abanzi barushaho kugira ubushobozi n’iterabwoba rirushaho kuba rigezweho.
“Ibyabaye mu myaka mike ishize ni ukwiyongera gukomeye k’imbaraga zo gutunganya,” ibi byasobanuwe na Brent Toland, visi perezida akaba n’umuyobozi mukuru wa Northrop Grumman Mission Systems’ Navigation, Targeting and Survivability Division. “Ibi bituma umuntu ashobora gukora sensor aho ashobora kugira bandwidth yagutse kandi yagutse ako kanya, bigatuma uburyo bwo gutunganya bwihuta n’ubushobozi bwo kumva burushaho kwiyongera. Nanone, muri JADC2, ibi bituma ibisubizo byatanzwe mu butumwa birushaho kuba byiza kandi bihamye.”
CEESIM ya Northrop Grumman yigana neza imiterere y’intambara nyayo, itanga uburyo bwo kwigana radiyo (RF) bw’ibikoresho byinshi bya radiyo icyarimwe bihujwe na porogaramu zihoraho/zihindagurika. Gusesengura neza ibi bibazo bigezweho, hafi ya byose bitanga uburyo buhendutse bwo kugerageza no kwemeza ubushobozi bw’ibikoresho by’intambara by’ikoranabuhanga bigezweho. Ifoto yatanzwe na Northrop Grumman.
Kubera ko uburyo bwo gutunganya ibintu ari ikoranabuhanga gusa, ikimenyetso gishobora guhindurwa mu gihe nyacyo ku muvuduko wa mashini. Mu bijyanye no gushakisha, bivuze ko ibimenyetso bya radar bishobora guhindurwa kugira ngo bigorane kubimenya. Mu bijyanye n'ingamba zo kubirwanya, ibisubizo bishobora no guhindurwa kugira ngo birusheho gukemura ibibazo.
Ukuri gushya mu ntambara z'ikoranabuhanga ni uko imbaraga nyinshi zo gutunganya ibintu zituma ahantu ho ku rugamba harushaho kuba heza. Urugero, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n'abanzi bayo barimo guteza imbere ibitekerezo by'ibikorwa by'umubare ugenda wiyongera w'ibikoresho by'indege bitagira abapilote bifite ubushobozi bwo kurwana bw'ikoranabuhanga buhanitse. Mu rwego rwo guhangana n'ibyo, ingamba zo kurwanya zigomba kuba ziteye imbere kandi zihamye.
“Ibisimba bikunze gukora ubwoko runaka bw’ubutumwa bw’ibikoresho, nko kurwana mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga,” Toland yagize ati. “Iyo ufite ibikoresho byinshi biguruka ku mbuga zitandukanye z’indege cyangwa ndetse no ku mbuga zo mu kirere, uba uri ahantu ugomba kwirinda kumenyekana mu buryo butandukanye bw’isi.”
“Si iby’ingabo zirwanira mu kirere gusa. Ufite ibyago bishobora kugukikije ubu. Niba bavugana, igisubizo kigomba kandi kwishingikiriza ku mbuga nyinshi kugira ngo zifashe abayobozi gusuzuma ikibazo no gutanga ibisubizo bifatika.”
Ibintu nk'ibi biri mu mutima wa JADC2, haba mu gutera no mu kwirwanaho. Urugero rw'uburyo bwakwirakwijwe bukora ubutumwa bw'intambara bw'ikoranabuhanga ni urubuga rw'ingabo rufite abantu rufite RF na infrared countermeasures rukorana na urubuga rw'ingabo rudatwarwa n'indege rukora igice cy'ubutumwa bwo kurwanya RF. Ubu buryo bw'amato menshi, adafite abapilote buha abakomanda imiterere myinshi yo kumva no kwirwanaho, ugereranije n'igihe sensor zose ziri kuri platform imwe.
“Mu mikorere y’ingabo mu bice byinshi, urashobora kubona byoroshye ko bakeneye rwose kuba hafi yabo kugira ngo bumve iterabwoba bagiye guhura naryo,” Toland yagize ati.
Ubu ni ubushobozi bwo gukora ibikorwa bya multispectral no gukoresha electromagnetic spectrum nk'uko Ingabo, Navy, n'Ingabo zirwanira mu kirere bakeneye. Ibi bisaba sensor za bandwidth nini zifite ubushobozi bwo gutunganya ibintu buhanitse kugira ngo zigenzure urwego rwagutse rwa spectrum.
Kugira ngo hakorwe ibikorwa nk'ibi bya multispectral, hagomba gukoreshwa ibyo bita mission-adaptive sensors. Multispectral bivuga electromagnetic spectrum, irimo frequencies zitandukanye zitwikira urumuri rugaragara, imirasire ya infrared, n'imiraba ya radiyo.
Urugero, mu mateka, uburyo bwo gushakisha amakuru bwakozwe hakoreshejwe sisitemu ya radar na electro-optical/infrared (EO/IR). Kubwibyo, sisitemu ya multispectral mu buryo bw'icyerekezo izaba ishobora gukoresha radar ya broadband na sensors nyinshi za EO/IR, nka kamera z'amabara ya digitale na kamera za infrared za multiband. Sisitemu izabasha gukusanya amakuru menshi ihinduranya sensors ikoresheje ibice bitandukanye bya electromagnetic spectrum.
LITENING ni agasanduku k’amashanyarazi gakoresha infrared gashobora gufata amashusho mu ntera ndende no gusangira amakuru mu buryo bwizewe binyuze mu buryo bw’amakuru akoreshwa mu cyerekezo kimwe. Ifoto ya Sgt. Bobby Reynolds, Ingabo z’Igihugu zirwanira mu kirere za Amerika.
Nanone, dukoresheje urugero rwavuzwe haruguru, multispectral ntibivuze ko sensor imwe ifite ubushobozi bwo guhuza mu turere twose tw’urusobe rw’amakuru. Ahubwo, ikoresha sisitemu ebyiri cyangwa nyinshi zitandukanye, buri imwe ikumva igice runaka cya spectrum, maze amakuru aturuka kuri buri sensor imwe agahuzwa kugira ngo haboneke ishusho nyayo y’icyo kintu.
“Mu bijyanye no kubaho, biragaragara ko ugerageza kudafatwa cyangwa ngo umenyekane. Dufite amateka maremare yo gutanga ubushobozi bwo kubaho mu bice bya infrared na radio frequency bya spectrum kandi dufite ingamba zifatika zo kubirwanya byombi.”
“Urashaka kumenya niba umwanzi ari we uguze mu gice icyo ari cyo cyose cya spectrum hanyuma ugashobora gutanga ikoranabuhanga rikwiye ryo kurwanya ibitero uko bikenewe – byaba RF cyangwa IR. Multispectral iba ikomeye hano kuko wishingikiriza kuri byombi kandi ugahitamo igice cya spectrum ugomba gukoresha, n'uburyo bukwiye bwo guhangana n'igitero. Urimo gusuzuma amakuru aturuka kuri sensors zombi hanyuma ukamenya ikishobora kukurinda muri iki kibazo.”
Ubwenge bw’ubukorano (AI) bugira uruhare runini mu guhuza no gutunganya amakuru aturuka ku byuma bibiri cyangwa byinshi bipima imiterere y’amatara (sensors) kugira ngo bikoreshwe mu bikorwa bya multispectral. Ubuhanga bw’ubukorano bufasha kunoza no gushyira ibimenyetso mu byiciro, gukuraho ibimenyetso by’ingenzi, no gutanga inama zishobora gukorwa ku buryo bwiza bwo gukora.
AN/APR-39E(V)2 ni intambwe ikurikira mu iterambere rya AN/APR-39, icyuma gitanga umuburo kuri radar n'ibikoresho by'intambara by'ikoranabuhanga bimaze imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo birinda indege. Antene zayo zigezweho zibona ibintu bishobora kwangirika mu buryo burambuye, bityo nta hantu ho kwihisha muri spectrum. Ifoto yatanzwe na Northrop Grumman.
Mu gace gafite iterabwoba rigera hafi y’urungano, ibikoresho byo mu mutwe n’ibikoresho bizakwirakwira, hamwe n’ibibazo byinshi n’ibimenyetso bituruka ku ngabo za Amerika n’iz’ubumwe. Ubu, ibitero bizwi bya EW bibikwa muri database y’amadosiye y’ubutumwa ashobora kumenya umukono wayo. Iyo habonetse ikibazo cya EW, database ishakishwa ku muvuduko wa mashini kugira ngo ibone uwo umukono. Iyo habonetse reference yabitswe, hazakoreshwa uburyo bukwiye bwo kubirwanya.
Ariko, ikizwi neza ni uko Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zizahura n'ibitero by'intambara y'ikoranabuhanga bitigeze bibaho (bisa n'ibitero by'umunsi umwe mu mutekano w'ikoranabuhanga). Aha niho ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina (AI) buzakorera.
“Mu gihe kizaza, uko ibitero bigenda bihinduka kandi bihinduka, kandi bitagishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro, ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina (AI) buzafasha cyane mu kumenya ibitero dosiye zawe z’amakuru zidashobora gukoresha,” Toland yagize ati.
Utwuma tw’intambara ya multispectral n’ubutumwa bwo guhangana n’ibibazo ni igisubizo ku isi ihinduka aho abanzi bashobora kuba bafite ubushobozi buzwi cyane mu ntambara y’ikoranabuhanga na cyber.
“Isi irimo guhinduka vuba cyane, kandi imiterere yacu yo kwirwanaho irimo guhinduka igana ku bahanganye hafi ya bose, ibyo bikaba byongera kwihutishwa ko dukoresha izi sisitemu nshya za multispectral kugira ngo duhuze na sisitemu n’ingaruka zazo,” Toland yagize ati. “Iki ni cyo gihe cya vuba cy’intambara y’ikoranabuhanga.”
Gukomeza kuba imbere muri iki gihe bisaba gukoresha ubushobozi bw'iki gihe gitaha no kunoza ahazaza h'intambara y'ikoranabuhanga. Ubuhanga bwa Northrop Grumman mu ntambara y'ikoranabuhanga, ikoranabuhanga n'intambara y'amashanyarazi bugera ku bice byose - ku butaka, mu nyanja, mu kirere, mu kirere, mu ikoranabuhanga n'ikoranabuhanga ry'amashanyarazi. Sisitemu z'ikigo zikoresha ikoranabuhanga ry'amashanyarazi menshi n'imikorere myinshi ziha abarwanyi b'intambara ibyiza mu bice bitandukanye kandi zigatuma bafata ibyemezo byihuse kandi bifite amakuru menshi kandi amaherezo bagatsinda mu butumwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-07-2022