Inzu igezweho (Home Automation) ifata inzu nk'urubuga, ikoresha ikoranabuhanga ryuzuye ry'insinga, ikoranabuhanga ry'itumanaho rya interineti, ikoranabuhanga ryo kurinda umutekano, ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura ikoranabuhanga, amajwi, ikoranabuhanga rya videwo kugira ngo ihuze ibikorwa bijyanye n'ubuzima bwo mu rugo, kandi ikubaka uburyo bwiza bwo gucunga ibikoresho byo mu rugo n'ibikorwa by'umuryango. Kunoza umutekano wo mu rugo, korohereza abantu, ihumure, ubuhanzi, no kubungabunga ibidukikije no kubungabunga ibidukikije mu buryo buzigama ingufu.
Igitekerezo cy'inzu igezweho cyatangiye mu 1933, ubwo imurikagurisha ry'isi rya Chicago ryagaragazaga ikintu kidasanzwe: roboti ya Alpha, ishobora kuba ari yo yari umusaruro wa mbere ufite igitekerezo cy'inzu igezweho. Nubwo roboti, idashobora kugenda mu bwisanzure, yashoboraga gusubiza ibibazo, nta gushidikanya ko yari iy'ubwenge cyane kandi ifite ubwenge mu gihe cyayo. Kandi kubera iyo mpamvu, umufasha w'iroboti mu rugo yagiye ava ku gitekerezo ajya ku ishingiro.
Kuva ku mupfumu w’imashini Emil Mathias mu gitekerezo cya Jackson cyitwa “Push Button Manor” muri Popular Mechanics kugeza ku bufatanye bwa Disney na Monsanto mu gukora “Monsanto Home of the Future,” Hanyuma Ford Motor yakoze filime ifite icyerekezo cy’ibidukikije by’urugo rw’ejo hazaza, mu 1999 nyuma ya Yesu, n’umwubatsi w’icyamamare Roy Mason yatanze igitekerezo gishimishije: Reka inzu ibe ifite mudasobwa “y’ubwonko” ishobora gukorana n’abantu, mu gihe mudasobwa yo hagati yita ku bintu byose kuva ku biribwa no guteka kugeza ku buhinzi, iteganyagihe, kalendari ndetse, birumvikana, n’imyidagaduro. Smart Home ntiyigeze igira ikibazo cy’ubwubatsi, kugeza igihe United Technologies Building yabereye mu 1984. Ubwo System yashyiraga mu bikorwa igitekerezo cyo gutanga amakuru ku bikoresho by’ubwubatsi no guhuza CityPlaceBuilding i Hartford, Connecticut, muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, “inyubako y’ubwenge” ya mbere yarashinzwe, ari nayo yatangije isiganwa ku isi ryo kubaka inzu y’ubwenge.
Mu iterambere ryihuse ry'ikoranabuhanga muri iki gihe, muri 5G, AI, IOT n'izindi nkunga zigezweho mu ikoranabuhanga, imashini zigezweho mu ikoranabuhanga zigezweho zagiye zigaragara mu cyerekezo cy'abantu, ndetse no mu gihe cya 5G, zirimo kuba ibihangange kuri interineti, ibigo bisanzwe mu ngo n'ibigo bishya bishya by'ubucuruzi mu ngo zigezweho, buri wese arashaka gusangira igice cy'ibikorwa.
Nk’uko bigaragara muri raporo y’ubushakashatsi ku nganda z’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga (“Smart Home Equipment Industry Research Report and Investment Strategy Planning” yashyizwe ahagaragara n’ikigo cya Qianzhan Industry Research Institute), isoko ryitezweho gukomeza kwiyongera ku kigero cya 21.4% buri mwaka mu myaka itatu iri imbere. Mu 2020, ingano y’isoko muri uru rwego izagera kuri miliyari 580 z’amayuani, kandi isoko rishobora kugera kuri tiriyari.
Nta gushidikanya, inganda zikora ibikoresho byo mu rugo by’ubwenge zirimo kuba intandaro nshya y’iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’Ubushinwa, kandi ibikoresho byo mu rugo by’ubwenge ni byo bikunze kugaragara muri rusange. None se, ku bakoresha ibikoresho byo mu rugo by’ubwenge, ni iki gishobora kutuzanira? Ubuzima bw’inzu z’ubwenge ni ubuhe?
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Ubeho mu buryo bworoshye
Urugo rugezweho ni uburyo bwo guhuza ibintu hakoreshejwe interineti. Huza ubwoko bwose bw'ibikoresho mu rugo (nk'ibikoresho by'amajwi n'amashusho, sisitemu y'amatara, kugenzura amadirishya, kugenzura ikirere gikonjesha, sisitemu y'umutekano, sisitemu ya sinema ya digitale, seriveri ya videwo, sisitemu y'akabati k'igicucu, ibikoresho byo mu rugo by'umuyoboro, nibindi) binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga rya interineti y'ibintu kugira ngo habeho kugenzura ibikoresho byo mu rugo, kugenzura amatara, kugenzura kure ya telefoni, kugenzura kure yo mu nzu no hanze, inzogera yo kurwanya ubujura, kugenzura ibidukikije, kugenzura HVAC, kugenzura kohereza amakuru kuri infrared no kugenzura igihe cya porogaramu hamwe n'ibindi bikorwa n'uburyo. Ugereranyije n'urugo rusanzwe, inzu igezweho usibye imikorere gakondo yo guturamo, inyubako, itumanaho rya interineti, ibikoresho by'amakuru, ikoranabuhanga ryikora ku bikoresho, gutanga imikorere yuzuye y'itumanaho, ndetse no ku giciro gitandukanye cy'ingufu kugira ngo uzigame amafaranga.
Ushobora kwiyumvisha ko mu nzira uvuye ku kazi, ushobora gucana icyuma gikonjesha, icyuma gishyushya amazi n'ibindi bikoresho mbere y'igihe, kugira ngo ubashe kwishima ukimara kugera mu rugo, utiriwe utegereza ko ibikoresho bitangira buhoro; Iyo ugeze mu rugo ugakingura urugi, ntugomba gushakisha mu gikapu cyawe. Ushobora gufungura urugi ukoresheje uburyo bwo kumenya ibikumwe. Iyo urugi rufunguwe, urumuri rurahita rucana kandi umwenda ugafungwa. Niba ushaka kureba filime mbere yo kuryama, ushobora kuvugana amabwiriza y'ijwi ukoresheje agasanduku k'amajwi k'ubwenge utavuye mu buriri, icyumba cyo kuraramo gishobora guhinduka icyumba cyo kurebamo filime mu masegonda make, kandi amatara ashobora guhindurwa bitewe n'uburyo bwo kureba filime, bigatuma habaho ikirere cyiza cyo kureba filime.
Inzu nziza mu buzima bwawe, nk'ubuntu bwo gutumira umuhereza mukuru kandi w'inshuti, biguha ubwisanzure bwo gutekereza ku bindi bintu.
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Ubuzima ni umutekano kurushaho
Sohoka uzahangayikishwa n'uko urugo rushobora kuba ari abajura barinda, umurera abana wenyine mu rugo, abantu batazwi baguye mu kaga, uhangayikishijwe n'uko abasaza bonyine baguye mu mpanuka yo mu rugo, ingendo zo guhangayikishwa n'uko ntawe ubizi.
Kandi urugo rufite ubwenge, rukunyura hejuru y'ibibazo byose, rugufasha kugenzura umutekano mu rugo igihe icyo ari cyo cyose n'aho uri hose. Kamera igezweho ishobora gutuma ugenzura uko urugo rugenda ukoresheje telefoni igendanwa iyo uri kure y'urugo; Uburinzi bwa infrared, bwa mbere bwo kuguha icyibutso cy'intabaza; Igenzura ry'amazi asohoka, kugira ngo ubashe gufata ingamba za mbere zo kuvurwa igihe icyo ari cyo cyose; Buto y'ubutabazi bw'ibanze, bwa mbere yohereza ikimenyetso cy'ubutabazi bw'ibanze, ku buryo umuryango wa hafi wihutira kujya ku ruhande rw'abageze mu zabukuru.
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Baho neza kandi ugire ubuzima bwiza
Iterambere ryihuse ry’iterambere ry’inganda ryazanye umwanda mwinshi. Nubwo udafunguye idirishya, akenshi ushobora kubona ivumbi ryinshi ku bintu bitandukanye mu rugo rwawe. Ibidukikije byo mu rugo byuzuyemo umwanda. Uretse ivumbi rigaragara, hari n’imyanda myinshi itagaragara, nka PM2.5, formaldehyde, dioxyde de carbone, nibindi.
Ukoresheje inzu igezweho, agasanduku k’umwuka gafite ubwenge igihe icyo ari cyo cyose kugira ngo gakurikirane ibidukikije byo mu rugo. Iyo ubwinshi bw’imyanda irenze urugero, fungura idirishya kugira ngo ubone umwuka uhumeka, fungura ako kanya icyuma gisukura umwuka gifite ubwenge kugira ngo gisukure ibidukikije, kandi, ukurikije ubushyuhe n’ubushuhe byo mu nzu, hindura ubushyuhe n’ubushuhe ku bushyuhe n’ubushuhe bwiza bukwiriye ubuzima bw’abantu.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-26-2021