Mu gitabo cy’umwanditsi w’umutaliyani witwa Calvino “Umujyi utagaragara” hari iyi nteruro igira iti: “Umujyi ni nk'inzozi, ibintu byose umuntu yatekereza ashobora kurota ……”
Nkumuco ukomeye wabantu baremye, umujyi utwara ibyifuzo byabantu mubuzima bwiza.Mu myaka ibihumbi, kuva kuri Platon ukageza kuri byinshi, abantu bahoraga bifuza kubaka utopiya.Mu buryo bumwe rero, kubaka imijyi mishya yubwenge yegereye kubaho kubaho ibitekerezo byabantu kugirango babeho neza.
Mu myaka yashize, mu iterambere ryihuse ry’ibikorwa remezo bishya by’Ubushinwa hamwe n’ibisekuru bishya by’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho nka interineti y’ibintu, kubaka imijyi y’ubwenge biragenda neza, kandi umujyi winzozi ushobora kumva no gutekereza, guhinduka no kugira ubushyuhe buragenda buhinduka impamo.
Umushinga wa kabiri munini murwego rwa IoT: Imijyi yubwenge
Imijyi yubwenge hamwe nimishinga yumujyi yubwenge yabaye imwe mubikorwa byaganiriweho cyane mubikorwa, bigerwaho ahanini binyuze muburyo bufite intego kandi buhuriweho kuri interineti yibintu, amakuru no guhuza, hakoreshejwe guhuza ibisubizo nibindi buhanga.
Imishinga yumujyi ifite ubwenge igiye kwiyongera cyane mugihe iherekeza inzibacyuho kuva mumishinga yigihe gito yubwenge igana mumijyi yambere yubwenge.Mubyukuri, iri terambere ryatangiye mu myaka mike ishize kandi ryihuta muri 2016. Mubindi, biroroshye kubona ko imishinga yumujyi ifite ubwenge nimwe mubice biza imbere IoT mubikorwa.
Dukurikije isesengura rya raporo yasohowe na IoT Analytics, isosiyete yo mu Budage ya IoT isesengura, imishinga yo mu mujyi ifite ubwenge n’imishinga ya kabiri nini ya IoT mu bijyanye n’umugabane ku isi ku mishinga ya IoT, nyuma y’inganda za interineti.Kandi mumishinga yubwenge yumujyi, porogaramu izwi cyane ni ubwikorezi bwubwenge, bukurikirwa nibikorwa byubwenge.
Kugirango ube umujyi wubwenge "wukuri", imijyi ikeneye inzira ihuriweho ihuza imishinga hamwe na kole hamwe namakuru menshi hamwe na platform kugirango tumenye ibyiza byose byumujyi wubwenge.Mubindi bintu, gufungura tekinoroji hamwe no gufungura amakuru bizaba urufunguzo rwo kwimuka murwego rukurikira.
IDC ivuga ko gufungura amakuru muri 2018 aribwo buryo bukurikira mu biganiro byo kuba urubuga rwa IoT.Mugihe ibi bizahura nimbogamizi kandi ntahantu havugwa imijyi yubwenge, biragaragara ko iterambere ryurubuga nkurwo rufunguzo rwose ruzagaragara cyane mumwanya wumujyi wubwenge.
Ihindagurika ryamakuru afunguye rivugwa muri IDC FutureScape: 2017 Iterambere ry’isi ku isi, aho ikigo kivuga ko abagera kuri 40% b’inzego z’ibanze n’akarere bazakoresha IoT mu guhindura ibikorwa remezo nkamatara yo ku mihanda, imihanda n’ibimenyetso by’umuhanda mu mutungo, aho kuba imyenda. , muri 2019.
Nibihe bintu byubwenge byumujyi bisabwa?
Ahari ntiduhita dutekereza kubikorwa byubwubatsi bwibidukikije kimwe n’imishinga yo kuburira imyuzure ifite ubwenge, ariko ntawahakana ko ari ingenzi mu mishinga y’umujyi ifite ubwenge.Kurugero, mugihe ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije mumijyi, noneho iyi nimwe mumpamvu zingenzi zubaka imishinga yumujyi wubwenge, kuko ishobora gutanga inyungu zihuse kandi zingirakamaro kubenegihugu.
Nibyo, ingero zumujyi zizwi cyane zirimo parikingi yubwenge, gucunga neza ibinyabiziga, gucana mumihanda yubwenge no gucunga imyanda.Ibyo byavuzwe, izi manza nazo zikunda guhuza kuvanga imikorere, gukemura ibibazo byumujyi, kugabanya ibiciro, kuzamura imibereho mumijyi, no gushyira abenegihugu imbere kubwimpamvu zitandukanye.
Ibikurikira nuburyo bumwe bwo gusaba cyangwa uturere twerekeye imigi yubwenge.
Serivise rusange, nka serivisi zabaturage, serivisi zubukerarugendo, ubwikorezi rusange, indangamuntu nubuyobozi, na serivisi zamakuru.
Umutekano rusange, mubice nko kumurika ubwenge, kugenzura ibidukikije, gukurikirana umutungo, polisi, kugenzura amashusho no gutabara byihutirwa
Kuramba, harimo gukurikirana ibidukikije, gucunga neza imyanda no gutunganya, ingufu zubwenge, gupima ubwenge, amazi meza, nibindi.
Ibikorwa Remezo, birimo ibikorwa remezo byubwenge, kugenzura ubuzima bwubatswe ninyubako ninzibutso, inyubako zubwenge, kuhira neza, nibindi.
Ubwikorezi: umuhanda wubwenge, kugabana ibinyabiziga bihujwe, parikingi nziza, gucunga neza ibinyabiziga, urusaku no gukurikirana umwanda, nibindi.
Kwinjiza byinshi mubikorwa byumujyi byubwenge na serivisi mubice nkubuvuzi bwubwenge, uburezi bwubwenge, imiyoborere myiza, igenamigambi ryubwenge, hamwe namakuru yubwenge / afunguye, aribintu byingenzi bifasha imijyi yubwenge.
Kurenza "Ikoranabuhanga" rishingiye mumujyi wubwenge
Mugihe dutangiye kwerekeza mumijyi yubwenge rwose, amahitamo ajyanye no guhuza, guhanahana amakuru, urubuga rwa IoT, nibindi bizakomeza kugenda bihinduka.
Cyane cyane kubantu benshi bakoresha imanza nkimicungire yimyanda yubwenge cyangwa parikingi yubwenge, tekinoroji ya IoT kubikoresho byumujyi byubwenge byubu biroroshye kandi bihendutse.Ibidukikije byo mumijyi mubisanzwe bifite uburyo bwiza butagira umugozi kubice byimuka, hari ibicu, hariho ibisubizo byibicuruzwa nibicuruzwa byateguwe mumishinga yumujyi wubwenge, kandi hariho imiyoboro mito mito ihuza imiyoboro (LPWAN) mumijyi myinshi kwisi irahagije kuri Porogaramu nyinshi.
Mugihe hari ikintu cyingenzi cya tekiniki kuri ibi, hari byinshi mumijyi ifite ubwenge burenze iyo.Umuntu arashobora no kuganira kubyo "umunyabwenge" bisobanura.Mubyukuri, mubyukuri bidasanzwe kandi byuzuye mumijyi yubwenge, ni ugukemura ibibazo byabaturage no gukemura ibibazo byabantu, societe nimiryango.
Muyandi magambo: imijyi ifite imishinga yubwenge igenda neza ntabwo yerekana ikoranabuhanga, ahubwo intego zagezweho zishingiye kumyumvire rusange yibidukikije byubatswe hamwe nibyo abantu bakeneye (harimo nibyifuzo byumwuka).Mubikorwa, byanze bikunze, buri gihugu numuco biratandukanye, nubwo ibikenerwa byibanze ari rusange kandi bikubiyemo intego zikorwa nubucuruzi.
Intandaro yikintu cyose cyitwa ubwenge muri iki gihe, cyaba inyubako zubwenge, imiyoboro yubwenge cyangwa imigi yubwenge, ni uguhuza amakuru, bigakorwa nikoranabuhanga ritandukanye kandi bigasobanurwa mubwenge bushigikira gufata ibyemezo.Birumvikana, ibi ntibisobanura ko guhuza ari interineti yibintu gusa;abaturage bahujwe nabenegihugu byibuze nibyingenzi.
Urebye imbogamizi nyinshi ku isi nk'abaturage basaza n'ibibazo by'ikirere, ndetse n '“amasomo twakuye” ku cyorezo, biragaragara ko ari ngombwa kuruta ikindi gihe cyose gusubiramo intego z'imijyi, cyane cyane ko imibereho n'imiterere ya ubuzima burigihe burigihe.
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Accenture bushakisha serivisi rusange zishingiye ku baturage, bwasuzumye ikoreshwa ry'ikoranabuhanga rishya harimo na interineti y'ibintu, ryerekanye ko kuzamura umunezero w'abaturage byari ku isonga ry'urutonde.Nkuko infografiya yubushakashatsi ibigaragaza, kuzamura abakozi kunyurwa nabyo byari hejuru (80%), kandi akenshi, gushyira mubikorwa tekinolojiya mishya ihujwe byatanze ibisubizo bifatika.
Ni izihe mbogamizi zo kugera mu mujyi ufite ubwenge koko?
Mugihe imishinga yumujyi ifite ubwenge imaze gukura kandi igashya igatangizwa kandi ikoherezwa, bizaba hashize imyaka itari mike mbere yuko dushobora kwita umujyi "umujyi wubwenge".
Imijyi yubwenge yiki gihe niyerekwa kuruta inzira yanyuma-iherezo.Tekereza ko hari imirimo myinshi igomba gukorwa mubikorwa, umutungo n'ibikorwa remezo kugira umujyi ufite ubwenge rwose, kandi ko iki gikorwa gishobora guhindurwa muburyo bwubwenge.Ariko, kugera kumujyi wubwenge byukuri biragoye cyane kuberako buri kintu kirimo.
Mu mujyi ufite ubwenge, uturere twose turahujwe, kandi ntabwo arikintu gishobora kugerwaho nijoro.Hano haribibazo byinshi byumurage, nkibikorwa bimwe na bimwe n'amabwiriza, hakenewe ubumenyi bushya, hakenewe guhuza byinshi, kandi hariho guhuza byinshi bigomba gukorwa mu nzego zose (ubuyobozi bwumujyi, serivisi rusange, serivisi zitwara abantu , umutekano n'umutekano, ibikorwa remezo rusange, inzego zubutegetsi bwibanze naba rwiyemezamirimo, serivisi zuburezi, nibindi).
Mubyongeyeho, duhereye ku ikoranabuhanga n’ingamba, biragaragara ko natwe tugomba kwibanda ku mutekano, amakuru manini, kugenda, igicu hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga ritandukanye ryo guhuza, hamwe ninsanganyamatsiko zijyanye namakuru.Biragaragara ko amakuru, kimwe no gucunga amakuru n'imikorere yamakuru, ari ingenzi kumujyi wubwenge wumunsi n'ejo.
Indi mbogamizi idashobora kwirengagizwa ni imyumvire n'ubushake bw'abaturage.Kandi gutera inkunga imishinga yubwenge yumujyi nimwe mubisitaza.Ni muri urwo rwego, ari byiza kubona ingamba za leta, zaba iz'igihugu cyangwa iz'ibihugu, zihariye imijyi ifite ubwenge cyangwa ibidukikije, cyangwa yatangijwe n’abakora inganda, nka gahunda yo kwihutisha imari y’ibikorwa remezo bya Cisco.
Ariko biragaragara, ibyo bigoye ntabwo bihagarika iterambere ryimijyi yubwenge nimishinga yubwenge.Mugihe imijyi isangira ubunararibonye kandi igateza imbere imishinga yubwenge ninyungu zisobanutse, bafite amahirwe yo kongera ubumenyi bwabo no kwigira kubishobora gutsindwa.Hamwe nigishushanyo mbonera kirimo abafatanyabikorwa batandukanye, kandi ibi bizagura cyane ibishoboka byimishinga yigihe gito yimishinga yumujyi mugihe kiri imbere, cyuzuye.
Fata uburyo bwagutse bwibisagara byubwenge
Mugihe imigi yubwenge byanze bikunze ifitanye isano nikoranabuhanga, icyerekezo cyumujyi wubwenge kirenze ibyo.Kimwe mubyingenzi byumujyi wubwenge nugukoresha ikoranabuhanga rikwiye kugirango uzamure ubuzima rusange mumujyi.
Uko abatuye isi biyongera, imijyi mishya igomba kubakwa kandi imijyi iriho ikomeje kwiyongera.Iyo ikoreshejwe neza, ikoranabuhanga ningirakamaro mugukemura ibyo bibazo no gufasha gukemura ibibazo byinshi byugarije imijyi yubu.Ariko, kugirango tureme rwose isi yumujyi wubwenge, icyerekezo cyagutse kirakenewe.
Abanyamwuga benshi bafata intera ndende yimijyi yubwenge, haba mubyerekeranye n'intego n'ikoranabuhanga, naho abandi bakita porogaramu iyo ari yo yose igendanwa yatunganijwe n'umurenge uwo ari wo wose usaba umujyi ufite ubwenge.
1. Icyerekezo cyumuntu kirenze ikoranabuhanga ryubwenge: guhindura imijyi ahantu heza ho gutura
Nubwo tekinoroji yacu yubwenge yaba ifite ubwenge nuburyo ifite ubwenge bwo gukoresha, dukeneye gukemura ibintu bimwe byingenzi - abantu, cyane cyane mubitekerezo 5, harimo umutekano nicyizere, kubishyiramo no kubigiramo uruhare, ubushake bwo guhinduka, ubushake bwo gukora, imibereho guhuriza hamwe, n'ibindi
Jerry Hultin, umuyobozi w’itsinda ry’ejo hazaza, umuyobozi w’inama ngishwanama ya Kongere ya Smart City Expo, akaba n’inzobere mu mujyi ufite ubunararibonye mu mujyi, yagize ati: “Turashobora gukora ibintu byinshi, ariko amaherezo, tugomba guhera kuri twe ubwacu.”
Guhuriza hamwe ni umwenda wumujyi abantu bashaka guturamo, gukunda, gukura, kwiga no kwitaho, umwenda wisi yumujyi wubwenge.Nkibisobanuro byimijyi, abaturage bafite ubushake bwo kwitabira, guhinduka, no gukora.Ariko mu mijyi myinshi, ntibumva ko barimo cyangwa basabwe kubigiramo uruhare, kandi ibi ni ukuri cyane cyane mubantu runaka ndetse no mubihugu aho usanga hibandwa cyane ku ikoranabuhanga ry’imijyi ifite ubwenge bwo guteza imbere urwego rw’abaturage, ariko ntibibande ku burenganzira bw’ibanze bwa muntu no kubigiramo uruhare.
Byongeye kandi, ikoranabuhanga rishobora gufasha guteza imbere umutekano, ariko se kwizerana bite?Nyuma yibitero, imidugararo ya politiki, ibiza byibasiye inyokomuntu, amahano ya politiki, cyangwa se ukudashidikanya kuzanwa n’ibihe bihinduka cyane mu mijyi myinshi ku isi, nta cyizere gike cyuko abantu bizera bizagabanuka cyane mu iterambere ry’umujyi.
Niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa kumenya umwihariko wa buri mujyi nigihugu;ni ngombwa gusuzuma abaturage ku giti cyabo;kandi ni ngombwa kwiga imbaraga mu baturage, imijyi hamwe nitsinda ryabaturage n’imikoranire yabo n’ibidukikije bigenda byiyongera hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga rihuza imijyi ifite ubwenge.
2. Ibisobanuro nicyerekezo cyumujyi wubwenge ukurikije uko ugenda
Igitekerezo, icyerekezo, ibisobanuro nukuri kwumujyi wubwenge uhora uhindagurika.
Muburyo bwinshi, nibintu byiza ko ibisobanuro byumujyi wubwenge bidashyizwe mumabuye.Umujyi, tutibagiwe nakarere ko mumijyi, ni ibinyabuzima nibinyabuzima bifite ubuzima bwonyine kandi bigizwe nibintu byinshi byimuka, bizima, bihujwe, cyane cyane abenegihugu, abakozi, abashyitsi, abanyeshuri, nibindi.
Igisobanuro cyemewe na bose cy "umujyi wubwenge" cyakwirengagiza imiterere ikomeye, ihinduka kandi itandukanye yumujyi.
Kugabanya imijyi yubwenge ikoranabuhanga rigera kubisubizo hifashishijwe ibikoresho bihujwe, sisitemu, imiyoboro yamakuru, kandi amaherezo ubushishozi buva kandi bufatika kandi bushingiye ku makuru ashingiye ku makuru ni inzira imwe yo gusobanura umujyi ufite ubwenge.Ariko yirengagije ibyihutirwa bitandukanye mumijyi nibihugu, birengagiza imico, kandi ishyira ikoranabuhanga imbere hamwe hagati yintego zitandukanye.
Ariko nubwo twihagararaho kurwego rwikoranabuhanga, biroroshye kwibagirwa ko ikoranabuhanga naryo rihora kandi ryihuta, hamwe nibishoboka bishya bivuka, nkuko imbogamizi nshya zigaragara kurwego rwimijyi nabaturage nka a yose.Ntabwo ari tekinoroji igaragara gusa, ahubwo ni imyumvire n'imyitwarire abantu bafite kuri ubwo buhanga, nkuko biri kurwego rwimijyi, abaturage ndetse nibihugu muri rusange.
Kuberako tekinoroji imwe nimwe itanga inzira nziza zo kuyobora imijyi, gukorera abenegihugu no kwitegura ibibazo biriho nibizaza.Kubandi, uburyo abenegihugu basezerana nuburyo imijyi ikora biba byibuze nkingirakamaro kurwego rwikoranabuhanga.
Nubwo rero twakomera kubisobanuro byibanze byumujyi wubwenge mumizi yikoranabuhanga, ntampamvu yatuma ibyo bidashobora guhinduka, kandi bizahinduka neza mugihe ibitekerezo byuruhare n aho ikoranabuhanga bikomeje kugenda bitera imbere.
Byongeye kandi, imijyi na societe, hamwe niyerekwa ryimijyi, ntibitandukanye gusa mukarere, mukarere, aho biherereye, ndetse no mumatsinda atandukanye yabaturage mumujyi, ariko kandi bigenda bihinduka mugihe runaka.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-08-2023