Mu gitabo cy'Umwanditsi w'Ubutaliyani Calvino "hari umujyi utagaragara" Hariho iyi nteruro: "Umujyi ni nk'inzozi, ibishobora gutekerezwa byose birashobora gutekerezwa birashobora kurota ......"
Nkibiremwa bikomeye byumuco byabantu, umujyi utwara ibyifuzo byabantu kugirango ubeho neza. Mu myaka ibihumbi, kuva kuri Platon kugeza kuri byinshi, abantu bahoraga bifuza kubaka Utopia. Mu buryo bumwe rero, kubaka imijyi mishya byubwenge ni hafi yo kubaho kw'ibitekerezo byabantu mubuzima bwiza.
Mu myaka yashize, mu iterambere ryihuse ry'imikorere mishya y'Ubushinwa hamwe n'ibisekuru bishya by'ikoranabuhanga mu bijyanye na interineti, kandi ko umujyi winzozi ushobora kumva, guhinduka kandi ufite ubushyuhe buhoro buhoro biba impamo.
Umushinga wa kabiri munini mu murima wa IO: Imijyi yubwenge
Imijyi yubwenge n'umushinga wubwenge bwumujyi nimwe mubikorwa byaganiriweho byimazeyo, bikaba byaragaragaye ahanini kuri enterineti.
Imishinga yubwenge yubwenge yishyirwaho cyane mugihe iherekeza inzibacyuho kuva mumishinga yumujyi wigihe gito wimijyi yumvikana kumujyi wa mbere wubwenge. Mubyukuri, iri terambere ryatangiye mumyaka mike ishize kandi ryihuta muri 2016. Mubindi bintu, biroroshye kubona ko imishinga yubwenge yumujyi ari imwe mubice bya IIT mu bikorwa.
Dukurikije isesengura rya raporo yatangajwe n'amasosiyete ya IOt, Ihuriro ry'Uk, Umushinga w'Ubwenge wo gusesengura, imishinga y'ubwenge ni iyishinga rya kabiri rinini mu mishinga y'isi yose y'imishinga y'isi yose, nyuma y'inganda za interineti. Kandi mubikorwa byumujyi byumvikana, porogaramu izwi cyane ni ubwikorezi bwubwenge, bukurikirwa na SMART.
Kugira ngo ube Umujyi wa "Ukuri" Ukeneye uburyo bwubwenge buhuza imishinga kandi bigahumuriza hamwe ubwinshi bwamakuru hamwe nimpumusi kugirango tumenye ibyiza byose byumujyi wubwenge. Mubindi bintu, fungura tekinoroji hamwe na portformforms yamakuru bizaba urufunguzo rwo kwimukira kurwego rukurikira.
IDC ivuga ko ihinduranya ryamakuru muri 2018 nicyo kigo gikurikira mubiganiro kugirango ube urubuga rwa IOT. Mugihe ibi bizahura nimbogamizi zimwe kandi ntakintu cyihariye kivuga kumijyi yubwenge, biragaragara ko iterambere ryibintu nkibi bizagaragara rwose kugaragara muburyo bwihariye mumwanya wubwenge.
Iyi ubwihindurize bwamakuru afunguye idc Futchcape: 2017 Ityscape: aho guverinoma ivuga ko ihiti rya 40%, imihanda n'ibimenyetso byimihanda mu mutungo, bitarenze 2019.
Nibihe bintu byubwenge byubwenge?
Ahari ntabwo duhita dutekereza kumishinga yibidukikije kimwe nubumenyi bwumwuzure bwo kuburira, ariko ntawahakana ko ari ngombwa mumishinga yubwenge. Kurugero, iyo umwanda wibidukikije mu mijyi uhanganye, noneho iyi ni imwe mu mpamvu zingenzi zo kubaka imishinga yubwenge, kuko zishobora gutanga inyungu zihuse kandi zingirakamaro kubaturage.
Nibyo, ingero zubwenge zubwenge zirimo guhagarara neza, gucunga ubwenge, gutunganya imihanda nyabagendwa no gucunga imyanda. Ibyo byavuzwe, Izi manza nazo zikunda guhuriza hamwe kuvanga imikorere, gukemura ibibazo byo mu mijyi, kugabanya ibiciro, kuzamura ubuzima mu mijyi, no gushyira abaturage mbere kubwimpamvu zitandukanye.
Ibikurikira nibikorwa bimwe na bimwe biranga cyangwa ahantu hajyanye n'imijyi yubwenge.
Serivisi rusange, nka serivisi z'igisikuru, serivisi z'ubukerarugendo, ubwikorezi rusange, indangamuntu n'imiyoborere, na serivisi zitangaza.
Umutekano rusange, mu turere nk'amatara yubwenge, gukurikirana ibidukikije, gukurikirana umutungo, polisi, kugenzura amashusho no gutabara byihutirwa
Gukomeza, harimo no gukurikirana ibidukikije, gucunga imyanda kandi yo gutunganya imyanda no gutunganya, imbaraga zubwenge, metersing, amazi meza, nibindi.
Ibikorwa Remezo, birimo ibikorwa remezo byubwenge, kugenzura ubuzima bwubuzima bwinyubako ninzibutso, kuhira ubwenge, kuhira ubwenge, nibindi.
Ubwikorezi: Umuhanda wubwenge, kugabana ibinyabiziga bihujwe, guhagarara neza, gucunga ubwenge, imicungire yumuhanda, urusaku nubuyobozi bwanduye, nibindi.
Kwishyira hamwe kwibikorwa bya Smart Smart Services hamwe na serivisi mubice nkubwishingizi bwubwenge, uburezi bwubwenge, imiyoborere yubwenge, igenamigambi ryubwenge, na Smart / gufungura amakuru, ni ibintu byingenzi bishoboza ibintu byubwenge.
Kurenza "Ikoranabuhanga"
Mugihe dutangiye kwimuka mumijyi yubwenge rwose, amahitamo yerekeye guhuza, guhana amakuru, kuramburanya iyagahumu, nibindi bizakomeza guhinduka.
Cyane cyane kubibazo byinshi byo gukoresha imyanda cyangwa parikingi yubwenge, ibikoresho bya IOT byikoranabuhanga byubwenge bwa porogaramu yuyu munsi biroroshye kandi bihendutse. Ibidukikije byimijyi mubisanzwe bifite ubwishingizi bwiza bwo kwimuka, hari ibicu, hari ibicu bigamije imishinga yubwenge, kandi hari ibibi bigamije imishinga yubwenge byumvikana, kandi haribicuruzwa byinshi hamwe mumijyi myinshi ihagije kubisabwa.
Mugihe hariho tekiniki yingenzi ya tekinike, hari byinshi mumijyi yumvikana kurenza iyo. Umuntu yashoboraga no kuganira kubyo "umunyabwenge". Mubyukuri, muburyo budasanzwe kandi bwuzuye bwimijyi yubwenge, ni ukuzuza abaturage no gukemura ibibazo byabantu, umuryango n'imijyi.
Muyandi magambo: Imijyi ifite imishinga ifite ubwenge bwumujyi ntabwo igaragaza ikoranabuhanga, ahubwo intego zagezweho zishingiye ku kureba ibidukikije hamwe n'ibikenewe by'abantu (harimo n'ibikenewe mu mwuka). Mubikorwa, byanze bikunze, buri gihugu numuco bitandukanye, nubwo ibyo bakeneye byibanze bikunze kugaragara kandi birimo intego zikomeye kandi zubucuruzi.
Ku kintu icyo ari cyo cyose cyitwa ubwenge muri iki gihe, haba inyubako za Smart, imigi y'ubwenge, ni imijyi yubwenge, ni uguhuza nikoranabuhanga ritandukanye kandi rigahindurwa muburyo bufata ibyemezo. Birumvikana ko ibi bidasobanura ko guhuza ni interineti yibintu; Ihujwe n'imiryango n'abaturage nibura ni ngombwa.
Urebye ibibazo byinshi ku isi nko gusaza ndetse n'ibibazo by'ikirere, kimwe n'amasomo twize "kuva icyo gihe ari ngombwa kuruta ikindi gihe cyose, kubera ko ubuzima bw'imibereho n'ubwiza bwaho buri gihe bunegura.
Inyigisho yo Kwiga ireba serivisi zishingiye ku baturage, zasuzumye ikoreshwa ry'ikoranabuhanga rishya ririmo interineti y'ibintu, wasanze kunyurwa n'umuturage byari hejuru y'urutonde. Mugihe infografiya yo kwiga ibitaramo, kunoza inyungu zabakozi nazo zari hejuru (80%), kandi akenshi, shyira mubikorwa tekinoroji nshya ihujwe na tekinoroji yahujwe yatumye habaho ibisubizo bifatika.
Ni izihe mbogamizi zo kugera ku mujyi ufite ubwenge?
Mugihe imishinga yumujyi umaze gukura kandi ishyasi irazunguruka kandi isohoka, bizaba imyaka myinshi mbere yo guhamagara umujyi "umujyi wubwenge".
Uyu munsi imijyi yubwenge nibyemezakuntu kuruta inzira yo kurangira. Tekereza ko hari imirimo myinshi yo gukorwa mu bikorwa, umutungo n'ibikorwa remezo kugira umujyi wubwenge rwose, kandi ko uyu murimo ushobora guhindurwa muri verisiyo yubwenge. Ariko, kugera ku mijyi y'ukuri y'ukuri biragoye cyane kubera ibintu ku giti cye birimo.
Mu mujyi wubwenge, ibyo bice byose birahujwe, kandi ntabwo arikintu gishobora kugerwaho nijoro. Hano hari ibibazo byumurage byinshi, nkibikorwa bimwe na bimwe, harakenerwa ubuhanga bushya, kandi serivisi zumujyi, ibigo remezo, serivisi zubwikorezi, nibindi).
Byongeye kandi, uhereye ku ikoranabuhanga n'ingamba, biragaragara ko dukeneye no kwibanda ku mutekano, amakuru manini, kugenda, igicu n'ibicu bitandukanye byo guhuza amakuru, hamwe n'ikoranabuhanga rifitanye isano n'amakuru, hamwe n'ikoranabuhanga rifitanye isano n'amakuru, hamwe n'ikoranabuhanga rifitanye isano n'amakuru, hamwe n'ikoranabuhanga rifitanye isano n'amakuru, hamwe n'ikoranabuhanga rifitanye isano n'amakuru, hamwe n'ikoranabuhanga rifitanye isano n'amakuru, hamwe n'ikoranabuhanga rifitanye isano n'amakuru, hamwe n'ikoranabuhanga rifitanye isano n'amakuru, hamwe n'ikoranabuhanga rifitanye isano n'amakuru, hamwe n'ikoranabuhanga rifitanye isano n'amakuru, hamwe n'ikoranabuhanga rifitanye isano n'amakuru, hamwe n'ikoranabuhanga rifitanye isano. Biragaragara ko amakuru, kimwe no gucunga amakuru hamwe namakuru akora, akomeye kumujyi wubwenge wuyu munsi n'ejo.
Indi mbogamizi idashobora kwirengagizwa ni imyifatire n'ubushake bw'abaturage. No gutera inkunga imishinga yubwenge byubwenge nimwe mubisimba. Ni muri urwo rwego, nibyiza kubona gahunda za leta, yaba igihugu cyangwa igihagararo, byihariye mumijyi yubwenge cyangwa ibidukikije, cyangwa gutangizwa nabakinnyi b'inganda z'inganda.
Ariko biragaragara, ubu buryo bugoye ntabwo bubuza imikurire yimijyi yubwenge numushinga wubwenge bwumujyi. Nkuko imigi isangira ibyababayeho kandi itezimbere imishinga yubwenge ifite inyungu zisobanutse, bafite amahirwe yo gukura ubuhanga bwabo no kwigira ku kunanirwa. Hamwe na motmap mubitekerezo birimo abafatanyabikorwa batandukanye, kandi ibi bizaguka cyane bishoboka mumishinga yumujyi wubwenge wimishinga yubwenge imbere, ejo hazaza heza.
Fata isura yagutse yimijyi yubwenge
Mugihe imijyi yubwenge yanze bikunze ifitanye isano nikoranabuhanga, iyerekwa ryumujyi wubwenge ni ibirenze ibyo. Imwe mubyingenzi byumujyi wubwenge ni ugukoresha ikoranabuhanga bukwiye kugirango utezimbere ubuzima rusange mumujyi.
Nkuko abaturage benshi basanzwe bakura, imijyi mishya ikeneye kubakwa kandi ahantu h imijyi iriho gukomeza gukura. Iyo ikoreshejwe neza, ikoranabuhanga rifite akamaro mu guhuza ibyo bibazo no gufasha gukemura ibibazo byinshi byugarije imigi ya none. Ariko, kugirango mubyukuri ureme isi yubwenge, icyerekezo kinini kirakenewe.
Inzobere nyinshi zifata ibintu byagutse byimijyi yubwenge, haba mubitego byikoranabuhanga, nibindi byahamagarira gusaba byose byakozwe numurenge uwo ariwo wose usaba umujyi usaba umujyi.
1..
Nubwo tekinoroji yacu yubwenge niyo ifite ubwenge nuburyo bwubwenge bagomba gukoresha, dukeneye gukemura ibintu bimwe byibanze - ibiremwa byabantu, harimo no kwizerana, kwizirikana, ubushake bwo gukora, nibindi.
Jerry HUltin, umuyobozi w'itsinda ry'Imana rizaza, umuyobozi w'ikibaho cya Kongere y'Isi ya Expo, maze abahanga mu mujyi w'inararibonye, maze tugakora ibintu byinshi, ariko amaherezo, dukeneye guhera ubwacu. "
Ubumwe bwumujyi abantu abantu bashaka guturamo, urukundo, gukura, kwiga no kwitaho, umwenda wisi yumujyi yubwenge. Nka ngingo z'imijyi, abaturage bafite ubushake bwo kugira uruhare, guhindura, no gukora. Ariko mumijyi myinshi, ntibumva harimo cyangwa basabwa kubigiramo uruhare, kandi ibi ni ukuri cyane cyane mubantu bibanda cyane ku iterambere ryababyeyi, ariko bibanda cyane kuburenganzira bwibanze bwa muntu no kubigiramo uruhare.
Byongeye kandi, ikoranabuhanga rirashobora gufasha kunoza umutekano, ariko bite ku kwizerana? Nyuma y'ibitero, imidugararo ya politiki, ibiza bya politiki, inkoni za politiki, cyangwa no gushidikanya gusa bizana ibihe bihinduka mumijyi myinshi kwisi, nta byiringiro bike bizagabanuka cyane iterambere ryubwenge.
Niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa kumenya umwirondoro wa buri mujyi n'igihugu; Ni ngombwa gusuzuma abaturage ku giti cyabo; Kandi ni ngombwa kwiga imbaraga mu baturage, imigi n'amatsinda yabaturage hamwe n'imikoranire yabo hamwe na tekinoroji yo gukura no guhuza ikoranabuhanga mu mijyi yubwenge.
2. Ibisobanuro n'Icyerekezo cy'umujyi wa Smarvers uhereye kubijyanye no kugenda
Igitekerezo, icyerekezo, ibisobanuro n'ukuri k'umujyi wa ubwenge buri mu maduka.
Mubyinshi, nikintu cyiza ko ibisobanuro byumujyi wubwenge bidashyizwe mumabuye. Umujyi, tutireka akanya ko imijyi, ni ibinyabuzima hamwe n'uruso rw'ibinyabuzima bufite ubuzima bw'imibereho kandi bugizwe n'ibigize byinshi bigenda, bizima, bihujwe, cyane cyane abaturage, abakozi, abanyeshuri, n'abanyeshuri, n'abanyeshuri, n'abanyeshuri, n'abanyeshuri, n'abanyeshuri, n'abanyeshuri, n'abanyeshuri, n'abanyeshuri, n'abanyeshuri, n'abanyeshuri, n'abanyeshuri, n'abanyeshuri, n'abanyeshuri, n'abanyeshuri, n'abanyeshuri, n'abanyeshuri, n'abanyeshuri, n'abanyeshuri, n'abanyeshuri, n'abanyeshuri, n'abanyeshuri, n'abanyeshuri, n'abanyeshuri, n'abanyeshuri, n'abanyeshuri, n'abanyeshuri, n'abanyeshuri, n'abanyeshuri, n'abanyeshuri, n'abanyeshuri, n'abanyeshuri, n'abanyeshuri, n'abanyeshuri, n'abanyeshuri, n'abanyeshuri, n'abanyeshuri, n'abanyeshuri, n'abanyeshuri, n'abanyeshuri, n'abanyeshuri, n'abanyeshuri, n'abanyeshuri, na bo.
Igisobanuro cyemewe cya "umujyi wubwenge" wakwirengagiza ingaruka zikomeye, zihinduka kandi zinyuranye yumujyi.
Kugabanya imijyi yubwenge muri Technologies igera kubisubizo ukoresheje ibikoresho bihujwe, sisitemu, imiyoboro yamakuru, kandi amaherezo yubushishozi bushingiye ku makuru ahujwe kandi ingana nuburyo bwo gusobanura umujyi wubwenge. Ariko yirengagiza imigi n'amahanga bitandukanye, yirengagiza ibintu byumuco, kandi ikora ikoranabuhanga kandi ikigo cyintego zitandukanye.
Ariko nkuko twinubiza kurwego rwikoranabuhanga, biroroshye kwibagirwa ko ikoranabuhanga rinahomezwa kandi ryihuta, hamwe nibibazo bishya bigaragara, nkuko ibibazo bishya bigaragara kurwego rwimijyi nabaturage muri rusange. Ntabwo ikoranabuhanga gusa rigaragara, ariko kandi imyumvire n'imyitwarire abantu bafite kuri ubwo bubone tekinoroji, nkuko biri ku rwego rw'imijyi, abaturage ndetse no mu mahanga muri rusange.
Kuberako ikoranabuhanga rifite akamaro ryuburyo bwiza bwo kuyobora imigi, dukorere ibibazo biriho byubu kandi bizaza. Kubandi, uburyo abenegihugu basezerana kandi uburyo imigi irimo kuboneka byibuze nkibyingenzi kurwego rwikoranabuhanga.
Nubwo rero dukomeje kubisobanuro byibanze byumujyi wubwenge mumizi yacyo yikoranabuhanga, ntampamvu ituma ibi bidashobora guhinduka, kandi bizahinduka mubyukuri nkibitekerezo byikoranabuhanga bikomeje guhinduka.
Byongeye kandi, imigi n'imiryango, hamwe no kwerekwa imigi, ntabwo bitandukanya gusa mu karere ko mu karere, aho biherereye, ndetse no hagati y'imiryango itandukanye y'abaturage, ariko ndetse n'amatsinda atandukanye yo mu mujyi, ariko ndetse no ku isonga mu gihe.
Igihe cyagenwe: Feb-08-2023