Ikigo cy’Ubushakashatsi cya AIoT cyasohoye raporo ijyanye na IoT ya cellular - "Raporo y’Ubushakashatsi ku Isoko rya Cellular IoT Series LTE Cat.1/LTE Cat.1 bis (Icyegeranyo cya 2023)". Mu gihe inganda zirimo guhindura ibitekerezo kuri moderi ya IoT ya cellular kuva kuri "model ya piramide" kugera kuri "model y'igi", Ikigo cy’Ubushakashatsi cya AIoT gitanga ibisobanuro byacyo:
Nk’uko AIoT ibivuga, "icyitegererezo cy'igi" gishobora kwemerwa gusa mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, kandi intego yacyo ni iyo mu gice cy'itumanaho rikora. Iyo IoT idakora, nayo irimo gutegurwa na 3GPP, ishyizwe mu biganiro, icyifuzo cy'ibikoresho bihujwe mu itumanaho no mu ikoranabuhanga ryo guhuza gikomeza gukurikiza itegeko rya "icyitegererezo cya piramide" muri rusange.
Amahame n'udushya mu nganda bitera imbere byihuse mu iterambere rya Cellular Passive IoT
Ku bijyanye na IoT idakora, ikoranabuhanga rya gakondo rya IoT risanzwe rikoresha uburyo bwa "passive IoT" ryateje akajagari ubwo ryagaragaraga, kuko ridasaba imiterere y'amashanyarazi, kugira ngo rihuze n'ibikenewe mu itumanaho rikoresha ingufu nke, RFID, NFC, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, LoRa n'izindi koranabuhanga mu itumanaho zikora ibisubizo bidakora, kandi IoT idakora ishingiye ku muyoboro w'itumanaho rya telefoni za telefoni yatanzwe bwa mbere na Huawei na China Mobile muri Kamena umwaka ushize, kandi icyo gihe yari izwi ku izina rya "eIoT". Rizwi ku izina rya "eIoT", intego nyamukuru ni ikoranabuhanga rya RFID. Birumvikana ko eIoT ifite uburyo bwagutse bwo gukoresha porogaramu, ikiguzi gito n'ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi, inkunga y'imikorere ishingiye ku hantu, ituma itumanaho ryo mu gace/mu gace kose n'ibindi biranga, kugira ngo ryuzuze intege nke nyinshi z'ikoranabuhanga rya RFID.
Amahame
Uburyo bwo guhuza imiyoboro ya IoT idakora n’iy’itumanaho rya telefoni za telefoni bwitabwaho cyane, byatumye ubushakashatsi ku bipimo ngenderwaho butera imbere buhoro buhoro, kandi abahagarariye n’inzobere ba 3GPP batangije ubushakashatsi no gushyiraho ibipimo ngenderwaho bya IoT idakora.
Uyu muryango uzafata ikoranabuhanga rishya rya "cellular passive" nk'aho ari ryo rihagarariye ikoranabuhanga rishya rya "passive IOT" muri sisitemu y'ikoranabuhanga ya 5G-A, kandi byitezwe ko ari ryo rizashyiraho uburyo bwa mbere bwa "passive IOT" bushingiye ku muyoboro wa telefoni muri verisiyo ya R19.
Ikoranabuhanga rishya ry’Ubushinwa rya IoT rikoresha uburyo bwa “passive IoT” ryinjiye mu rwego rwo kubaka uburyo bwa “standardization” kuva mu 2016, kandi ubu riri kwihutisha gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rishya rya IoT rikoresha uburyo bwa “passive IoT”.
- Mu 2020, umushinga wa mbere w’ubushakashatsi mu gihugu ku ikoranabuhanga rishya rya telefoni zigendanwa, "Ubushakashatsi ku bisabwa mu gukoresha porogaramu za IoT zishingiye ku itumanaho rya telefoni zigendanwa", uyobowe na China Mobile muri CCSA, hamwe n’imirimo ijyanye no gushyiraho ibipimo ngenderwaho bya tekiniki byakozwe muri TC10.
- Mu 2021, umushinga w’ubushakashatsi "Ikoranabuhanga rya IoT rishingiye ku Ingufu zishingiye ku bidukikije" uyobowe na OPPO, ukaba waritabiriwe na China Mobile, Huawei, ZTE na Vivo wakozwe muri 3GPP SA1.
- Mu 2022, China Mobile na Huawei batanze igitekerezo cy’umushinga w’ubushakashatsi kuri terefone zigendanwa za IoT kuri 5G-A muri 3GPP RAN, ari na byo byatangije gahunda mpuzamahanga yo gushyiraho ibipimo ngenderwaho kuri terefone zigendanwa.
Udushya mu nganda
Kuri ubu, inganda nshya ku isi yose zikoresha uburyo bwa IOT zidafite inzitizi zirimo gutangira, kandi ibigo by'Ubushinwa biri kuyobora udushya mu nganda. Mu 2022, China Mobile yatangije ibicuruzwa bishya bya IOT bidafite inzitizi "eBailing", bifite intera ya metero 100 ku gikoresho kimwe, kandi icyarimwe, bigashyigikira imikoranire ihoraho y'ibikoresho byinshi, kandi bishobora gukoreshwa mu gucunga ibintu, imitungo n'abantu mu buryo buciriritse n'ubunini bw'imbere. Bishobora gukoreshwa mu gucunga neza ibicuruzwa, imitungo, n'abakozi mu buryo buciriritse n'ubunini bw'imbere.
Mu ntangiriro z'uyu mwaka, hashingiwe ku ruhererekane rw'udupira twa Pegasus twitwa "passive IoT tag chips", Smartlink yabashije gukora neza chip ya mbere ku isi ya "passive IoT" hamwe n'itumanaho rya 5G base station, ishyiraho urufatiro rukomeye rwo gucuruza ikoranabuhanga rishya rya "passive IoT".
Ibikoresho gakondo bya IoT bisaba bateri cyangwa amashanyarazi kugira ngo biyobore itumanaho ryabyo no kohereza amakuru. Ibi bigabanya uburyo bikoreshwa n'uburyo byizewe, ndetse bikongera ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho n'ikoreshwa ry'ingufu.
Ku rundi ruhande, ikoranabuhanga rya Passive IoT rigabanya cyane ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho n'ikoreshwa ry'ingufu binyuze mu gukoresha ingufu za radiyo mu bidukikije kugira ngo biteze imbere itumanaho no kohereza amakuru. 5.5G izashyigikira ikoranabuhanga rya Passive IoT, rizana uburyo bwagutse kandi butandukanye bwo gukoresha porogaramu nini za IoT mu gihe kizaza. Urugero, ikoranabuhanga rya Passive IoT rishobora gukoreshwa mu ngo zigezweho, inganda zigezweho, imijyi igezweho, n'ahandi kugira ngo hagerwe ku micungire myiza kandi y'ubwenge y'ibikoresho na serivisi.
Ese ikoranabuhanga rya terefone rikoresha insinga ritangiye kugera ku isoko rito ry’itumanaho ridafite insinga?
Mu bijyanye no gukura mu ikoranabuhanga, IoT idakoresha ikoranabuhanga ishobora kugabanywamo ibice bibiri: porogaramu zikuze zigaragazwa na RFID na NFC, hamwe n'inzira z'ubushakashatsi zikusanya ingufu z'amajwi kuva kuri 5G, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, LoRa n'izindi bimenyetso bijya ku miyoboro y'amashanyarazi.
Nubwo porogaramu za terefone zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya 5G zisanzwe zikoreshwa mu itumanaho rya telefoni zigendanwa, ubushobozi bwazo ntibugomba kwirengagizwa, kandi zifite inyungu nyinshi mu zikoreshwa:
Ubwa mbere, ishyigikira intera ndende y'itumanaho. RFID isanzwe idakoresha ikoranabuhanga ku ntera ndende, nko muri metero icumi hagati y'umubare, hanyuma ingufu zitangwa n'umusomyi kubera igihombo, ntizishobora gukoresha RFID tag, kandi ikoreshwa rya IoT idakoresha ikoranabuhanga rya 5G rishobora kuba intera ndende uvuye kuri sitasiyo y'itumanaho.
itumanaho ryagenze neza.
Icya kabiri, ishobora gutsinda ibidukikije bigoye cyane byo gukoresha. Mu by’ukuri, icyuma, amazi yo kohereza ibimenyetso mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga rya 5G, gishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga rya 5G ridafite interineti, mu bikorwa bifatika bishobora kugaragaza ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kurwanya ingaruka mbi, no kongera igipimo cyo kumenyekana.
Icya gatatu, ibikorwa remezo byuzuye. Porogaramu za cellular passive IoT ntizikeneye gushyiraho abasomyi b’inyongera, kandi zishobora gukoresha umuyoboro wa 5G usanzweho, ugereranije n’uko bikenewe abasomyi n’ibindi bikoresho nka RFID isanzwe idafite passive, chip mu ikoreshwa ry’ubworoherane.
kuko ikiguzi cy'ishoramari ry'ibikorwa remezo muri iyi sisitemu nacyo gifite inyungu nini.
Mu rwego rwo gushyira mu bikorwa, muri C-terminal irashobora gukora urugero, imicungire y'umutungo bwite n'izindi porogaramu, ikirango gishobora gushyirwa ku mutungo bwite, aho hari ikigo cy'ibanze gishobora gukoreshwa no kwinjira mu muyoboro; Porogaramu za B-terminal mu bubiko, ubwikorezi,
Imicungire y'umutungo n'ibindi ntabwo ari ikibazo, iyo chip ya cellular passive IoT ihujwe n'ubwoko bwose bwa sensors passive, kugira ngo haboneke ubwoko bwinshi bw'amakuru (urugero, umuvuduko, ubushyuhe, ubushyuhe), n'amakuru yakusanyijwe azanyuzwa muri sitasiyo za 5G mu muyoboro w'amakuru,
bigatuma habaho ubwoko bwinshi bwa porogaramu za IoT. Ibi bifite urwego rwo hejuru rwo guhuza n'izindi porogaramu za IoT zisanzweho.
Urebye iterambere ry’inganda, nubwo ikoranabuhanga rya cellular passive IoT rikiri mu ntangiriro, umuvuduko w’iterambere ry’uru rwego wahoraga utangaje. Ku makuru ariho ubu, hari uduce duto twa IoT passive twavutse.
- Abashakashatsi b’Ikigo cy’Ikoranabuhanga cya Massachusetts (MIT) batangaje iterambere rya chip nshya ikoresha umurongo wa terahertz, chip nk'ikirahure, ikoresha ingufu nkeya za micro-watts, ishobora gushyigikira imikorere myiza ya sensors ntoya, ndetse no
kwagura uburyo bwo gukoresha interineti y'ibintu.
- Hashingiwe ku ruhererekane rw’amakuru ya Pegasus yakozwe ubwayo, Smartlink yabashije gukora neza chip ya mbere ku isi ya IoT idakoresha ikoranabuhanga rya internet ndetse n’itumanaho rya 5G base station.
Mu gusoza
Hari amagambo avuga ko Internet y’ibintu idakora, nubwo hari iterambere ry’imiyoboro ya za miliyari amagana, uko ibintu bimeze ubu, umuvuduko w’iterambere usa n’aho ugenda ugabanuka, kimwe mu biterwa n’imbogamizi z’aho ibintu bihurira, harimo ubucuruzi, ububiko, ubwikorezi n’ibindi.
Porogaramu zasigaye ku isoko ry'imigabane; icya kabiri ni ukubera inzitizi zisanzwe zo gukoresha itumanaho rya RFID ridafite aho rihuriye n'izindi mbogamizi z'ikoranabuhanga, bigatuma bigorana kwagura uburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha. Ariko, hamwe no kongeramo itumanaho rya telefoni zigendanwa.
ikoranabuhanga, rishobora guhindura vuba iki kibazo, iterambere ry’urusobe rw’ibikorwa bitandukanye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 21 Nyakanga-2023