Uburyo Ingufu Zirwanya Ihindagurika Rikora mu Miyoboro y'Izuba yo mu Mazu: Inyigo y'Ibishushanyo mbonera by'Imiterere y'Ingufu

Intangiriro: Kuva ku nyigisho kugeza ku kugenzura inzira y'amashanyarazi mu buryo bufatika

Nyuma yo gusobanukirwa amahame ari inyumanta kohereza mu mahanganaimipaka y'ingufu zihinduka, abashushanya sisitemu benshi baracyahura n'ikibazo gifatika:

Ni gute sisitemu y'amashanyarazi irwanya gusubira inyuma ikora mu buryo nyabwo mu micungire y'izuba yo mu rugo?

Mu by'ukuri, igikoresho kimwe ntigikoresha ingufu zirwanya gusubira inyuma. Bisabaimiterere y'isi ihujwebikubiyemo gupima, itumanaho, no kugenzura. Hatabayeho imiterere isobanutse neza ya sisitemu, ndetse n'ibyuma bihindura imiterere neza bishobora kunanirwa gukumira kohereza gridi bitateganijwe mu gihe cy'imizigo ihindagurika.

Iyi nkuru igaragazainyigo isanzwe y'imashini zikoresha ingufu z'izuba mu mazu, gusobanura uburyo uburyo bwo kugenzura imikorere y'amashanyarazi arwanya gusubira inyuma bukora ku rwego rwa sisitemu n'impamvugupima ingufu mu gihe nyacyo aho umurongo w'amashanyarazi uhurira ni ingenzi cyane.

Imiterere isanzwe ya PV yo mu rugo isaba kugenzura inzira inyuranyije n'amategeko

Tekereza ku nzu y'umuryango umwe ifite ibikoresho bikurikira:

• Sisitemu ya PV ikoresha imirasire y'izuba hejuru y'inzu

• Inverter ihujwe n'urukuta

• Imitwaro yo mu rugo ihindagurika kenshi

• Amabwiriza agenga imikorere y'ibigo abuza kohereza ingufu z'amashanyarazi mu mahanga

Muri bene ibyo bihe, ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho mu rugo rishobora kugabanuka mu buryo butunguranye—urugero, iyo ibikoresho bizimye—mu gihe PV ikomeza kuba nyinshi. Hatabayeho kugenzura ibintu mu buryo buhindagurika, ingufu zirenze zizasubira mu muyoboro w'amashanyarazi mu masegonda make.

Kurinda ibi bisabaibitekerezo bihoraho n'ibisubizo byihuse, ntabwo ari imiterere idahinduka.

Incamake y'imiterere ya sisitemu: Ibice by'ingenzi

Sisitemu y'amashanyarazi irwanya gusubira inyuma igizwe n'ibice bine by'imikorere:

1. Urukurikirane rw'ibipimo by'urukuta

2. Icyiciro cy'itumanaho

3. Icyiciro cya Logike yo Kugenzura

4. Icyiciro cyo Guhindura Ingufu

Buri rwego rugira uruhare rwihariye mu kubungabunga iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko no kubungabunga imikorere y’inzego.

Icyiciro cya 1: Gupima ingufu z'urusobe rw'amashanyarazi mu gihe nyacyo

Ishingiro ry'iyi gahunda nigupima mu gihe nyacyo aho ibintu bihurira (PCC).

Igipimo cy'ingufu gikozwe mu buryo bwa smart energy meter gishyirwa kuri grid connection buri gihe gipima ibi bikurikira:

• Ingufu zitumizwa mu mahanga

• Ingufu zoherezwa mu mahanga

• Icyerekezo cy'ingufu z'amashanyarazi

Iki gipimo kigomba kuba:

• Byemewe

• Ibihoraho

• Yihuta bihagije kugira ngo igaragaze impinduka mu mutwaro

Hatabayeho aya makuru, sisitemu ntishobora kumenya niba hari inzira y'amashanyarazi isubira inyuma.

Icyiciro cya 2: Itumanaho hagati y'ibipimo n'uburyo bwo kugenzura

Amakuru yo gupima agomba koherezwa muri sisitemu yo kugenzura nta gutinda cyane.

Uburyo busanzwe bwo gutumanaho burimo:

• WiFiku miyoboro y'imiturire

• MQTTkugira ngo bihuzwe na sisitemu zo gucunga ingufu

• Inyukiku nyubako zishingiye ku irembo ryo mu gace

Itumanaho rihamye rituma igisubizo cy'ingufu kigera ku buryo bwo kugenzura mu gihe gito.

Icyiciro cya 3: Igenzura ry'imitekerereze n'ifatwa ry'ibyemezo

Sisitemu yo kugenzura—ishyirwa mu bikorwa mu cyuma gipima ingufu cyangwa uburyo bwo gucunga ingufu—ihora isuzuma uko ingufu zikoreshwa mu miyoboro y'amashanyarazi zihagaze.

Imitekerereze isanzwe ikubiyemo:

• Niba kohereza hanze > 0 W → gabanya umusaruro wa PV

• Niba ibicuruzwa byinjijwe > umubare ntarengwa → wemerera PV kwiyongera

• Shyiraho uburyo bwo koroshya kugira ngo wirinde kunyeganyega

Iyi logic ikomeza gukora, igakorasisitemu yo kugenzura ifunganye.

Icyiciro cya 4: Guhindura PV Output

Hashingiwe ku byemezo byo kugenzura, inverter ihindura imikorere ya PV mu buryo buhamye:

• Kugabanya umusaruro mu gihe umutwaro ari muke

• Umusaruro wiyongera iyo icyifuzo cy'urugo cyiyongera

• Kubungabunga urujya n'uruza rw'amashanyarazi ku rugero rwa zeru cyangwa hafi ya zeru

Bitandukanye n'igenamiterere rya zero-export static, ubu buryo bwemerera sisitemu gusubiza imimerere nyayo.

Aho Igipimo cy'Ingufu z'Ubwenge gikwiranye: Uruhare rwa PC321

Muri ubu buryo bw'ubwubatsi,PC321igipimo cy'ingufu gikoresheje ubuhangaikora nk'iy'ingenziinkingi yo gupima ya sisitemu yose.

PC321 itanga:

• Gupima mu buryo nyabwo ibicuruzwa byinjizwa mu mahanga n'ibyoherezwa mu mahanga

• Ivugurura ryihuse ry'amakuru rikwiriye imiyoboro ikoresha uburyo bwo kugenzura ibintu (dynamic control loops)

• Itumanaho rinyuze kuriWiFi, MQTT, cyangwa Zigbee

• Igihe cyo gusubiza gishobora gushyigikiraImpinduka z'ingufu zo munsi y'amasegonda abiri

Mu gutanga igisubizo cy’ingufu z’amashanyarazi ku buryo bufatika, PC321 ituma sisitemu yo kugenzura ikoreshwa rya PV igenzura neza—ikarinda ko ingufu zisubira inyuma zitagabanyije umuvuduko w’izuba bitari ngombwa.

Icy'ingenzi ni uko PC321 idakora igenzura rya inverter ubwayo. Ahubwo, ikora igenzura rya inverter.bifasha kugenzura neza binyuze mu gutanga amakuru yo gupima ibyemezo byose byo ku rwego rwo hejuru bishingiyeho.

Impamvu Gutumiza hanze kw'ingufu zidasanzwe bikunze kunanirwa mu mazu nyayo

Mu micungire nyayo y'amazu, impinduka z'umutwaro ntiziteganyijwe:

• Ibikoresho birafungura kandi bikazimya

• Imashini zitanga amashanyarazi zitangira gushya

• Pompe zishyushya n'imikorere ya sisitemu za HVAC

Igenamiterere rya zero-export rishingiye kuri inverter idahindagurika ntirishobora gusubiza vuba bihagije kuri ibi bintu. Ibisubizo ni ibi bikurikira:

• Kohereza mu mahanga by'agateganyo

• Kugabanya cyane PV

Igenzura rikoresha ikoranabuhanga ritanga igisubizo gihamye kandi cyiza.

Ibitekerezo ku bijyanye no kohereza ibikoresho mu micungire y'amazu

Mu gihe ushushanya sisitemu y'amashanyarazi irwanya gusubira inyuma, tekereza kuri ibi bikurikira:

• Aho icyuma gishyirwa kuri PCC

• Kwizerwa kw'itumanaho hagati y'ibikoresho

• Igihe cyo gusubiza ku murongo w'igenzura

• Guhuza na inverter cyangwa platform za EMS

Imiterere ikozwe neza igenzura ko ikurikiza amategeko nta gutakaza ikoreshwa ry'ingufu.

Umwanzuro: Ubwubatsi ni ingenzi kurusha ibikoresho by'umuntu ku giti cye

Kugenzura imikorere y'amashanyarazi arwanya gusubira inyumantibigerwaho binyuze mu guhagarika ikoreshwa ry'izuba. Ni umusaruro w'ikoreshwaimiterere y'imikorere ihuje nezaaho gupima, itumanaho, no kugenzura bikorana mu gihe nyacyo.

Uko sisitemu za PV zo mu mazu zigenda zihinduka,Ibipimo by'ingufu bigezweho ku rubuga rw'umuyoboro byahindutse igice cy'ibanzeingamba zifatika zo kurwanya urujya n'uruza rw'amashanyarazi.

Ku mishinga yo guturamo ikoresha imirasire y'izuba isaba kugenzura neza ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, gusobanukirwa imiterere y'imishinga ni intambwe ya mbere igana ku ishyirwaho rihamye kandi rikurikije amategeko.