Ni ibihe bintu biranga ubwenge bwa Sensors mu bihe biri imbere? - Igice cya 1

(Icyitonderwa cya Muhinduzi: Iyi ngingo, yahinduwe kuva ulinkmedia.)

Sensors zabaye hose. Babayeho kera mbere ya interineti, kandi rwose mbere ya interineti yibintu (IoT). Ibyuma byubwenge bugezweho birahari kubikorwa byinshi kuruta mbere hose, isoko rirahinduka, kandi hariho moteri nyinshi zo gukura.

Imodoka, kamera, terefone zigendanwa, hamwe nimashini zinganda zishyigikira interineti yibintu ni bike mubisoko byinshi byifashishwa kumasoko.

• Sensors mu Isi Ifatika ya Internet

Hamwe na interineti yibintu, digitifike yinganda (tuyita Inganda 4.0), hamwe nimbaraga zacu zihoraho zo guhindura imibare mubice byose byubukungu na societe, ibyuma byubwenge bikoreshwa mubikorwa bitandukanye kandi isoko rya sensor ni gukura vuba kandi vuba.

Mubyukuri, muburyo bumwe, ibyuma byubwenge nibyo shingiro "nyaryo" rya enterineti. Kuri iki cyiciro cyo kohereza iot, abantu benshi baracyasobanura iot mubijyanye nibikoresho bya iot. Interineti yibintu ikunze kugaragara nkurusobe rwibikoresho bihujwe, harimo na sensor sensor. Ibi bikoresho birashobora kandi kwitwa ibikoresho byo kumva.

Harimo ubundi buhanga nka sensor na itumanaho rishobora gupima ibintu no guhindura ibyo bapima mumibare ishobora gukoreshwa muburyo butandukanye. Intego n'imiterere ya porogaramu (kurugero, tekinoroji yo guhuza ikoreshwa) igena ibyuma bikoreshwa.

Sensors na Smart Sensors - Niki kiri mwizina?

• Ibisobanuro bya Sensors na Smart Sensors

Sensors nibindi bikoresho bya IoT nigice cyibanze cya tekinoroji ya IoT. Bafata amakuru ibyifuzo byacu bikenera kandi bikabigeza kumurongo wo hejuru, sisitemu ya platform. Nkuko tubisobanura mugutangiza tekinoroji ya iot, "umushinga" iot urashobora gukoresha sensor nyinshi. Ubwoko numubare wa sensor ikoreshwa biterwa nibisabwa n'umushinga n'ubwenge bwumushinga. Fata amavuta yubwenge yubwenge: irashobora kugira sensor ibihumbi icumi.

• Ibisobanuro bya Sensors

Sensors ni abahindura, nkibyo bita actuators. Sensors ihindura ingufu kuva muburyo bumwe. Kubikoresho byubwenge, ibi bivuze ko sensor zishobora "kumva" imiterere no mubikoresho bahujwe nibintu bifatika bakoresha (leta nibidukikije).

Sensors irashobora kumenya no gupima ibipimo, ibyabaye, cyangwa impinduka hanyuma ikabigeza kuri sisitemu yo murwego rwohejuru nibindi bikoresho bishobora noneho gukoresha amakuru kuri manipulation, gusesengura, nibindi.

Rukuruzi ni igikoresho cyerekana, gipima, cyangwa cyerekana ubwinshi bwumubiri (nkumucyo, ubushyuhe, icyerekezo, ubushuhe, umuvuduko, cyangwa ikindi kintu gisa) ubihindura mubundi buryo ubwo aribwo bwose (cyane cyane amashanyarazi) (kuva: Isoko ryunze ubumwe) Ikigo cy'ubushakashatsi).

Ibipimo nibintu ibyumviro bishobora "kumva" no kuvugana birimo ubwinshi bwumubiri nkumucyo, amajwi, umuvuduko, ubushyuhe, kunyeganyega, ubushuhe, kuba hari imiti runaka ya gaze cyangwa gaze, kugenda, kuba hari ivumbi, nibindi.

Ikigaragara ni uko sensor ari igice cyingenzi cya enterineti yibintu kandi bigomba kuba byukuri kuko sensor niwo mwanya wambere wo kubona amakuru.

Iyo sensor yumva kandi ikohereza amakuru, actuator irakora kandi ikora. Acuator yakira ibimenyetso kandi igashyiraho icyerekezo gikeneye gufata ingamba mubidukikije. Ishusho ikurikira ituma igaragara kandi ikerekana bimwe mubintu dushobora "kumva". Sensor ya IoT iratandukanye kuberako ifata imiterere ya sensor modules cyangwa ikibaho cyiterambere (mubisanzwe byateguwe kubibazo byihariye byo gukoresha nibisabwa) nibindi.

• Igisobanuro cya Smart Sensor

Ijambo "umunyabwenge" ryakoreshejwe nandi magambo menshi mbere yuko rikoreshwa na enterineti. Inyubako zubwenge, gucunga imyanda yubwenge, amazu yubwenge, amatara yubwenge, imijyi yubwenge, amatara yumuhanda meza, ibiro byubwenge, inganda zubwenge nibindi. Kandi, byanze bikunze, ibyuma byubwenge.

Ibyuma byubwenge bitandukanye nibyuma byerekana ko sensor yubwenge ari urubuga ruteye imbere hamwe na tekinoroji yo mu bwato nka microprocessor, kubika, gusuzuma no gukoresha ibikoresho bihuza ibimenyetso by’ibitekerezo gakondo mubushishozi nyabwo (Deloitte)

Mu mwaka wa 2009, Ishyirahamwe Mpuzamahanga rya Sensors (IFSA) ryakoze ubushakashatsi ku bantu benshi baturutse muri za kaminuza n’inganda kugirango basobanure sensor yubwenge. Nyuma yo guhinduranya ibimenyetso bya digitale mu myaka ya za 1980 no kongeramo ikoranabuhanga rishya mu myaka ya za 90, sensor nyinshi zishobora kwitwa sensor sensor.

Mu myaka ya za 90 kandi hagaragaye igitekerezo cya “computing computing”, gifatwa nkikintu gikomeye mu iterambere rya interineti yibintu, cyane cyane ko iterambere ryabazwe. Ahagana mu myaka ya za 90 rwagati, iterambere no gushyira mu bikorwa ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki n’ikoranabuhanga ridafite insinga mu bice bya sensor byakomeje kwiyongera, no guhererekanya amakuru hashingiwe ku kubyumva n'ibindi byabaye ngombwa. Uyu munsi, ibi bigaragara kuri enterineti. Mubyukuri, abantu bamwe bavugaga imiyoboro ya sensor mbere yijambo rya Internet yibintu mbere kubaho. Nkuko mubibona rero, ibintu byinshi byabaye mumwanya wa sensor yubwenge muri 2009.