Ni iki kiranga Smart Sensors mu gihe kizaza?- Igice cya 1

(Icyitonderwa cy'umwanditsi: Iyi nkuru, yahinduwe ivanywe kuri ulinkmedia.)

Utwuma dupima ibintu twagiye dukwirakwira hose. Twariho kera cyane mbere ya interineti, kandi rwose mbere ya interineti y'ibintu (IoT). Utwuma dupima ibintu twa none turaboneka ku bikorwa byinshi kurusha mbere hose, isoko ririmo guhinduka, kandi hari byinshi bituma iterambere rirushaho kwiyongera.

Imodoka, kamera, telefoni zigezweho, n'imashini z'uruganda zishyigikira interineti y'ibintu ni bimwe mu masoko menshi akoresha ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa sensor.

• Utumashini dupima mu isi ifatika ya interineti

Nyuma yo kuboneka kwa interineti y’ibintu, iterambere ry’inganda (twita Inganda 4.0), hamwe n’imbaraga zacu zihoraho zo guhindura ikoranabuhanga mu nzego zose z’ubukungu na sosiyete, ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga birimo gukoreshwa mu nganda zitandukanye kandi isoko ry’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga ririmo kwiyongera vuba kandi vuba.

Mu by’ukuri, mu buryo bumwe na bumwe, sensor zigezweho ni ishingiro "nyaryo" rya Internet of Things. Muri iki cyiciro cyo gushyiraho iot, abantu benshi baracyasobanura iot mu buryo bw’ibikoresho bya iot. Internet of Things ikunze gufatwa nk'urusobe rw'ibikoresho bihujwe, harimo na sensor zigezweho. Ibi bikoresho bishobora kandi kwitwa ibikoresho byo kumenya.

Bityo rero zirimo andi makoranabuhanga nka sensors n'itumanaho bishobora gupima ibintu no guhindura ibyo bipima mo amakuru ashobora gukoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye. Intego n'aho porogaramu ikoreshwa (urugero, ikoranabuhanga ryo guhuza rikoreshwa) ni byo bigena sensors zikoreshwa.

Ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa "Sensors" na "Smart Sensors" – Izina ryabyo ni irihe?

• Ibisobanuro bya Sensors na Smart Sensors

Utumashini dupima n'ibindi bikoresho bya IoT ni urwego rw'ibanze rw'ikoranabuhanga rya IoT. Bifata amakuru porogaramu zacu zikeneye zikayashyira kuri sisitemu zo hejuru z'itumanaho. Nk'uko tubisobanura mu ntangiriro yacu ku ikoranabuhanga rya iot, "umushinga" wa iot ushobora gukoresha utmashini dupima byinshi. Ubwoko n'umubare w'utwo dupima bikoreshwa biterwa n'ibisabwa ku mushinga n'ubwenge bw'umushinga. Fata icyuma gipima amavuta cy'ubwenge: gishobora kugira utmashini dupima ibihumbi mirongo.

• Ibisobanuro bya Sensors

Ibikoresho bipima ni ibihindura, nk'ibyo bita actuators. Ibikoresho bipima ingufu ziva mu bwoko bumwe zijya mu bundi. Ku bikoresho bipima neza, bivuze ko ibipimo bishobora "kwumva" imiterere mu bikoresho bihujweho no mu bintu bifatika bikoresha (imiterere n'ibidukikije).

Ibikoresho bipima amakuru bishobora kubona no gupima ibi bipimo, ibyabaye, cyangwa impinduka no kubigeza kuri sisitemu zo ku rwego rwo hejuru n'ibindi bikoresho bishobora gukoresha amakuru mu kuyahindura, kuyasesengura, n'ibindi.

Sensor ni igikoresho gipima, gipima, cyangwa kigaragaza ingano iyo ari yo yose ifatika (nk'urumuri, ubushyuhe, ingendo, ubushuhe, igitutu, cyangwa ikindi kintu gisa nacyo) kibihinduramo ubundi buryo ubwo aribwo bwose (cyane cyane imivuduko y'amashanyarazi) (kuva kuri: United Market Research Institute).

Ibipimo n'ibintu ibyuma bishobora "kwumva" no gutangaza birimo ingano ifatika nk'urumuri, ijwi, igitutu, ubushyuhe, guhinda, ubushuhe, kuba hari imiterere runaka ya shimi cyangwa gazi, kugenda, kuba hari uduce tw'umukungugu, nibindi.

Birumvikana ko sensors ari igice cy'ingenzi cya interineti y'ibintu kandi bigomba kuba ari ingenzi cyane kuko sensors ari zo za mbere zihabwa amakuru.

Iyo sensor ibonye amakuru kandi yohereza, actuator iba ikora neza. Actuator yakira ikimenyetso igashyiraho imikorere ikeneye kugira ngo ikore mu bidukikije. Ishusho iri hepfo ituma kiba gifatika kandi igaragaza bimwe mu bintu dushobora "kumva". Ibyuma bya IoT biratandukanye kuko bifata ishusho ya modules za sensor cyangwa utubaho two guteza imbere (ubusanzwe byagenewe ikoreshwa ryihariye n'ikoreshwa ryabyo) n'ibindi.

• Ibisobanuro bya Smart Sensor

Ijambo "ubwenge" ryakoreshejwe n'andi magambo menshi mbere yuko rikoreshwa kuri interineti y'ibintu. Inyubako zigezweho, gucunga imyanda mu buryo bw'ubwenge, amazu agezweho, amatara agezweho, imijyi igezweho, amatara yo mu mihanda agezweho, ibiro bigezweho, inganda zigezweho n'ibindi. Kandi, birumvikana, ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bigezweho.

Utwuma tw’ubwenge dutandukanye n’utwuma tw’ubwenge kuko utwuma tw’ubwenge ari urubuga rugezweho rufite ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa mu buryo bwa mudasobwa nka microprocessors, ububiko, gusuzuma no guhuza amakuru, ibyo bigatuma ibimenyetso bisanzwe by’ibitekerezo bihinduka ibitekerezo by’ikoranabuhanga (Deloitte)

Mu 2009, Ishyirahamwe Mpuzamahanga ry’Ibikoresho by’Ubushobozi bwo Gupima Ubushobozi (IFSA) ryakoze ubushakashatsi ku bantu benshi bo mu mashuri makuru n’inganda kugira ngo bamenye uburyo bwo gupima ukoresheje ikoranabuhanga. Nyuma yo guhindura ibimenyetso bya digitale mu myaka ya 1980 no kongeramo ikoranabuhanga rishya mu myaka ya 1990, ibyuma byinshi by’ubushobozi byashoboraga kwitwa ibyuma by’ubushobozi.

Mu myaka ya 1990 kandi habayeho igitekerezo cya "computer ikwirakwira", gifatwa nk'ikintu cy'ingenzi mu iterambere rya Internet of Things, cyane cyane ko mudasobwa igenda itera imbere. Hagati mu myaka ya 1990, iterambere n'ikoreshwa ry'ikoranabuhanga rya elegitoroniki n'ikoranabuhanga ritagira insinga muri sensor modules byakomeje kwiyongera, kandi kohereza amakuru hashingiwe ku kumva n'ibindi byarushijeho kuba ingenzi. Muri iki gihe, ibi bigaragara muri Internet of Things. Mu by'ukuri, hari abantu bavuze imiyoboro ya sensor mbere yuko ijambo Internet of Things ribaho. Rero, nk'uko mubibona, hari byinshi byabaye mu ishami rya sensor mu 2009.