Umuyoboro wa 5G ni iki?

Umwanditsi: Ulink Media

Umuntu wese agomba kumenyera 5G, aribwo ihindagurika rya 4G hamwe nikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryitumanaho rigendanwa.

Kuri LAN, ugomba kurushaho kubimenyera. Izina ryayo ryuzuye ni urusobe rwibanze, cyangwa LAN. Umuyoboro wiwacu, kimwe numuyoboro mubiro byibigo, mubusanzwe ni LAN. Hamwe na Wireless Wi-Fi, ni LAN (WLAN).

None se kuki mvuga 5G LAN ishimishije?

5G numuyoboro mugari wa selile, mugihe LAN numuyoboro muto wamakuru. Ikoranabuhanga ryombi risa nkaho ridafitanye isano.

Muyandi magambo, 5G na LAN ni amagambo abiri abantu bose bazi ukwe. Ariko hamwe, biteye urujijo. Ntabwo aribyo?

5G LAN, Niki Mubyukuri?

Mubyukuri, 5G LAN, mu magambo make, ni ugukoresha tekinoroji ya 5G kugirango "itsinda" kandi "wubake" terminal kugirango ube umuyoboro wa LAN.

Umuntu wese afite terefone ya 5G. Iyo ukoresha terefone 5G, wabonye ko terefone yawe idashobora gushakisha inshuti zawe nubwo ziri hafi (ndetse imbona nkubone)? Urashobora kuvugana nundi kuko amakuru atembera hirya no hino kuri seriveri yikigo cyawe cyangwa serivise ya interineti.

Kuri sitasiyo fatizo, terefone zose zigendanwa "zitandukanijwe" hagati yazo. Ibi bishingiye kubitekerezo byumutekano, terefone zikoresha imiyoboro yazo, ntizivange.

URUGENDO, kurundi ruhande, ruhuza ama terefone (terefone igendanwa, mudasobwa, nibindi) mukarere hamwe kugirango tugire “itsinda”. Ibi ntabwo byorohereza gusa guhererekanya amakuru hagati yundi, ariko kandi bizigama gusohoka hanze.

Muri LAN, amaherere arashobora gutahura ashingiye kuri aderesi ya MAC hanyuma akabonana (Itumanaho rya Layeri 2). Kugirango ugere kumurongo wo hanze, shiraho router, unyuze mumwanya wa IP, urashobora kandi kugera kumurongo unyuze hanze (Itumanaho rya Layeri 3).

Nkuko twese tubizi, "4G izahindura ubuzima bwacu, na 5G izahindura societe yacu". Nka tekinoroji yingenzi itumanaho rya terefone igendanwa muri iki gihe, 5G ibitugu ubutumwa bwa "Internet ya byose no guhindura imibare ya interineti amagana n'inganda ibihumbi", ikeneye gufasha abakoresha inganda zihagaritse guhuza.

Kubwibyo, 5G ntishobora guhuza buri terefone nigicu, ariko kandi ikamenya "guhuza hafi" hagati ya terefone.

Kubwibyo, mubisanzwe 3GPP R16, 5G LAN yazanye iyi mikorere mishya.

Amahame n'ibiranga 5G LAN

Mumurongo wa 5G, abayobozi barashobora guhindura amakuru mububiko bwabakoresha (UDM umuyoboro wurubuga), bagasinya amasezerano ya serivise numero yihariye ya UE, hanyuma bakayigabanyamo mumatsinda amwe cyangwa atandukanye ya Virtual Network (VN).

Ububiko bwabakoresha butanga numero yanyuma ya VN yitsinda ryamakuru hamwe na politiki yo kugera kubintu byo kuyobora imiyoboro (SMF, AMF, PCF, nibindi) byumuyoboro wa 5G (5GC). Ubuyobozi NE bukomatanya aya makuru namategeko ya politiki muburyo butandukanye. Numuhanda wa 5G.

Umuyoboro wa 5G ushyigikira itumanaho rya Layeri 2 (igice kimwe cy'urusobe, kugera kuri buriwese) kimwe n'itumanaho rya Layeri 3 (hakurya y'urusobe, hifashishijwe inzira). LAN 5G ishyigikira unicast kimwe na multicast no gutangaza. Muri make, uburyo bwo kwinjirana buroroshye guhinduka, kandi guhuza biroroshye cyane.

Kubijyanye nurwego, 5G LAN ishyigikira itumanaho hagati ya UPF imwe (itangazamakuru ryuruhande rwibitangazamakuru bigize umuyoboro wa 5G) hamwe na UPF zitandukanye. Ibi bihwanye no guca imipaka igaragara hagati ya terefone (ndetse na Beijing na Shanghai barashobora kuvugana).

By'umwihariko, imiyoboro ya 5G LAN irashobora guhuza abakoresha imiyoboro isanzwe yamakuru yo gucomeka no gukina no kugera hamwe.

Gushyira mu bikorwa Ibyiza bya 5G LAN

5G LAN ituma amatsinda ahuza hamwe na terefone ya 5G yihariye, byorohereza cyane kubaka umuyoboro wa LAN ugendanwa ku bigo. Abasomyi benshi bizeye kubaza, ntibigenda byoroshye hamwe na tekinoroji ya Wi-Fi ihari? Kuki hakenewe LAN 5G?

Ntugire ikibazo, reka dukomeze.

Imiyoboro yaho ishobojwe na 5G LAN irashobora gufasha ibigo, amashuri, guverinoma, nimiryango gushyikirana neza na terefone mukarere. Irashobora gukoreshwa murusobekerane rwibiro, ariko agaciro kayo gakomeye ni uguhindura ibidukikije bikorerwa muri parike no guhindura imiyoboro shingiro yinganda zibyara umusaruro nkinganda zikora inganda, imiyoboro yicyambu na mines zingufu.

Ubu turimo guteza imbere interineti yinganda. Twizera ko 5G ishobora gukora uburyo bwa digitale yerekana inganda kuko 5G nubuhanga buhebuje bwitumanaho ryitumanaho rifite umurongo mugari hamwe nubukererwe buke, bushobora gutahura umurongo utagabanije wibintu bitandukanye byakozwe mubikorwa byinganda.

Fata inganda zinganda. Mbere, kugirango turusheho gukoresha automatike, kugirango tugere ku kugenzura ibikoresho, ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji ya "bisi yinganda". Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwikoranabuhanga, rishobora gusobanurwa nk "ahantu hose".

Nyuma, hamwe na tekinoroji ya Ethernet na IP, inganda zagize ubwumvikane, hamwe nihindagurika rya Ethernet, hariho "Ethernet yinganda". Uyu munsi, ntakibazo ninde uhuza inganda protocole protocole, mubyukuri ni Ethernet.

Nyuma, amasosiyete yinganda yasanze guhuza insinga bigabanya umuvuduko mwinshi - buri gihe wasangaga hariho "igituba" inyuma yicyuma kibuza kugenda kubuntu.

Byongeye kandi, uburyo bwo gukoresha insinga zoherejwe nuburyo buteye ikibazo, igihe cyo kubaka ni kirekire, igiciro ni kinini. Niba hari ikibazo cyibikoresho cyangwa umugozi, gusimburwa nabyo biratinda cyane. Inganda rero zatangiye gutekereza kubijyanye no gutangiza ikoranabuhanga ryitumanaho.

Kubera iyo mpamvu, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth nubundi buryo bwikoranabuhanga byinjiye mubikorwa byinganda.

Noneho, kugirango tugaruke kubibazo byabanjirije iki, kuki 5G LAN mugihe hariho Wi-Fi?

Dore impamvu:

1. Imikorere yimiyoboro ya Wi-Fi (cyane cyane Wi-Fi 4 na Wi-Fi 5) ntabwo ari nziza nka 5G.

Kubijyanye nigipimo cyogukwirakwiza no gutinda, 5G irashobora guhaza neza ibikenerwa na robo yinganda (kugenzura manipulator), kugenzura ubuziranenge bwubwenge (kumenyekanisha amashusho yihuta), AGV (ibinyabiziga bidafite abapilote) nibindi bintu.

Kubijyanye no gukwirakwiza, 5G ifite ahantu hanini ho gukwirakwiza kuruta Wi-Fi kandi irashobora gukwira neza ikigo. Ubushobozi bwa 5G bwo guhinduranya selile nabwo bukomeye kuruta Wi-Fi, izazana abakoresha uburambe bwiza bwurusobe.

2. Amafaranga yo gufata neza imiyoboro ya Wi-Fi ni menshi.

Kugira ngo hubakwe umuyoboro wa Wi-Fi muri parike, inganda zikeneye insinga no kugura ibikoresho byazo. Ibikoresho bitesha agaciro, byangiritse kandi birasimburwa, ariko kandi bikomezwa nabakozi badasanzwe. Hano hari amatoni yibikoresho bya Wi-Fi, kandi iboneza ni ikibazo.

5G iratandukanye. Yubatswe kandi ikomezwa nabakoresha kandi ikodeshwa ninganda (Wi-Fi na 5G ni nkaho kubaka icyumba cyawe na comptabilite).

Ufatiye hamwe, 5G bizaba byiza cyane.

3. 5G LAN ifite imikorere ikomeye.

Itsinda rya VN rya 5G LAN ryavuzwe mbere. Usibye gutandukanya itumanaho, umurimo wingenzi wo guteranya ni ukugera kuri QoS (urwego rwa serivisi) itandukanya imiyoboro itandukanye.

Kurugero, ikigo gifite umuyoboro wibiro, umuyoboro wa sisitemu ya IT, hamwe numuyoboro wa OT.

OT isobanura ikorana buhanga. Ni umuyoboro uhuza ibidukikije nibikoresho byinganda, nkumusarani, amaboko ya robo, sensor, ibikoresho, AGV, sisitemu yo gukurikirana, MES, PLCS, nibindi.

Imiyoboro inyuranye ifite imikorere itandukanye. Bimwe bisaba ubukererwe buke, bimwe bisaba umurongo mwinshi, kandi bimwe bifite ibisabwa bike.

LAN 5G irashobora gusobanura imikorere y'urusobe rutandukanye rushingiye kumatsinda atandukanye ya VN. Ibigo bimwe, byitwa "microiceice".

4. 5G LAN iroroshye gucunga kandi ifite umutekano.

Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, abakoresha umukono wamakuru barashobora guhindurwa muri 5G UDM nes yabatwara kubakoresha mumatsinda ya VN. None, tugomba kujya muri serivise yabatwara buri gihe dukeneye guhindura amakuru yitsinda rya terefone (gufatanya, gusiba, guhindura)?

Birumvikana ko atari byo.

Mu miyoboro ya 5G, abashoramari barashobora gufungura uruhushya rwo guhindura abayobozi bashinzwe imishinga binyuze mugutezimbere intera, bigafasha kwikorera serivisi.

Nibyo, ibigo birashobora kandi gushyiraho politiki yihariye yurusobe rwigenga ukurikije ibyo bakeneye.

Mugihe washyizeho amakuru ahuza, ibigo birashobora gushiraho uburyo bwo kwemeza no kwemeza gucunga neza amatsinda ya VN. Uyu mutekano urakomeye cyane kandi byoroshye kuruta Wi-Fi.

Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe kuri 5G LAN

Reka turebe ibyiza bya 5G LAN dukoresheje urugero rwihariye.

Mbere ya byose, uruganda rukora, rufite amahugurwa yarwo, umurongo utanga umusaruro (cyangwa umusarani), ukeneye guhuza PLC na PLC igenzura ikoresheje umuyoboro.

Buri murongo w'iteraniro ufite ibikoresho byinshi, nabyo byigenga. Nibyiza gushiraho moderi ya 5G kuri buri gikoresho kumurongo winteko. Ariko, birasa nkaho bizaba bihenze muriki cyiciro.

Noneho, kwinjiza amarembo yinganda 5G, cyangwa 5G CPE, birashobora kunoza imikorere yikiguzi. Bikwiranye ninsinga, ihujwe nicyambu (icyambu cya Ethernet, cyangwa icyambu cya PLC). Birakwiye kuri simsiz, ihujwe na 5G cyangwa Wi-Fi.

Niba 5G idashyigikiye 5G LAN (mbere ya R16), birashoboka kandi kumenya isano iri hagati ya PLC na mugenzuzi wa PLC. Nyamara, umuyoboro wose wa 5G ni protocole ya Layeri 3 ishingiye kuri aderesi ya IP, kandi aderesi ya terefone nayo ni aderesi ya IP, idashyigikira kohereza amakuru ya Layeri 2. Kugirango tumenye itumanaho rirangirira ku ndunduro, AR (Access Router) igomba kongerwaho kumpande zombi kugirango ishyireho umuyoboro, ikubiyemo protocole yinganda ya Layeri 2 muri tunnel, hanyuma uyizane kurungano.

Ubu buryo ntabwo bwongera ibibazo gusa, ahubwo binongera ikiguzi (igiciro cya AR router yo kugura, AR router iboneza abakozi nigiciro cyigihe). Niba utekereje kumahugurwa afite imirongo ibihumbi, ikiguzi cyaba gitangaje.

Nyuma yo gutangiza 5G LAN, umuyoboro wa 5G ushyigikira ihererekanyabubasha rya protocole ya Layeri 2, bityo AR router ntikigikenewe. Mugihe kimwe, umuyoboro wa 5G urashobora gutanga inzira kumurongo utagira aderesi ya IP, kandi UPF irashobora kumenya MAC ya adresse. Umuyoboro wose uhinduka minimalist imwe yumurongo umwe, ushobora kuvugana nundi murwego rwa 2.

Gucomeka no gukina ubushobozi bwa 5G LAN irashobora kwihuza neza numuyoboro uhari wabakiriya, kugabanya ingaruka kumiyoboro isanzwe yabakiriya, no kuzigama amafaranga menshi nta kuvugurura gukomeye no kuzamura.

Urebye kuri macro, 5G LAN ni ubufatanye hagati ya 5G na tekinoroji ya Ethernet. Mugihe kizaza, iterambere rya tekinoroji ya TSN (igihe cyunvikana kumurongo) ishingiye kubuhanga bwa Ethernet ntishobora gutandukana nubufasha bwa 5G LAN.

Twabibutsa ko 5G LAN, usibye kugira uruhare mu iyubakwa ry’imbere muri parike, irashobora kandi gukoreshwa nk'inyongera ku muyoboro gakondo wahariwe imishinga ihuza ibigo ahantu hatandukanye.

Module ya 5G LAN

Nkuko mubibona, 5G LAN ni tekinoroji yingenzi yo guhanga udushya kuri 5G mu nganda zihagaritse. Irashobora kubaka itumanaho rikomeye rya 5G ryigenga kugirango rifashe abakiriya kwihutisha impinduka zabo no kuzamura.

Kugirango turusheho kohereza 5G LAN, usibye kuzamura uruhande rwuruhande, inkunga ya 5G module nayo irakenewe.

Muri gahunda ya 5G LAN ikoranabuhanga ryinjira mubucuruzi, Unigroup Zhangrui yatangije uruganda rwa mbere rwa 5G R16 Uruganda rwibanze rwa baseband - V516.

Hashingiwe kuri uru rubuga, Quectel, uruganda rukora module mu Bushinwa, yateje imbere modules nyinshi za 5G zishyigikira ikoranabuhanga rya 5G LAN, kandi ryaracururizwaga, harimo RG500U, RG200U, RM500U hamwe n’izindi moderi za LGA, M.2, Mini PCIe. .