5G LAN ni iki?

Umwanditsi: Ulink Media

Buri wese agomba kumenya 5G, ari na yo terambere rya 4G n'ikoranabuhanga ryacu rigezweho ry'itumanaho rya telefoni zigendanwa.

Kuri LAN, wagakwiye kuyimenyera cyane. Izina ryayo ryuzuye ni umuyoboro w’aho uherereye, cyangwa LAN. Umuyoboro wacu wo mu rugo, kimwe n’umuyoboro wo mu biro by’ikigo, muri rusange ni LAN. Hamwe na Wi-Fi idafite umugozi, ni LAN idafite umugozi (WLAN).

None se kuki mvuga ko 5G LAN ishimishije?

5G ni umuyoboro mugari wa telefoni zigendanwa, mu gihe LAN ari umuyoboro muto w’amakuru. Ikoranabuhanga ryombi risa nkaho ridafite aho rihuriye.

Mu yandi magambo, 5G na LAN ni amagambo abiri buri wese azi ukwayo. Ariko hamwe, birateye urujijo gato. Si byo se?

5G LAN, ni iki mu by'ukuri?

Mu by’ukuri, 5G LAN, mu buryo bworoshye, ni ugukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya 5G mu "gushyira hamwe" no "kubaka" imiyoboro kugira ngo habeho umuyoboro wa LAN.

Buri wese afite telefoni ya 5G. Iyo ukoresha telefoni za 5G, ese wabonye ko telefoni yawe idashobora gushakisha inshuti zawe nubwo zaba ziri hafi cyane (ndetse n'imbonankubone)? Mushobora kuvugana kuko amakuru anyura kuri seriveri z'ikigo cyawe cyangwa ikigo gitanga serivisi za interineti.

Ku masitasiyo ya base, terefone zose zigendanwa "ziri ukwazo". Ibi bishingiye ku by'umutekano, telefoni zikoresha imiyoboro yazo bwite, ntizivangavanga.

Ku rundi ruhande, LAN ihuza terminals (terefone zigendanwa, mudasobwa, nibindi) mu gace hamwe kugira ngo habeho "itsinda". Ibi ntibifasha gusa kohereza amakuru hagati yabyo, ahubwo binarinda inzira yo gusohoka hanze ya interineti.

Muri LAN, terminals zishobora kumenyana hakurikijwe aderesi zazo za MAC no kumenyana (Layer 2 communication). Kugira ngo winjire kuri network yo hanze, shyiraho router, binyuze muri IP location, bishobora no gutuma habaho inzira yo kwinjira no gusohoka (Layer 3 communication).

Nkuko twese tubizi, “4G izahindura ubuzima bwacu, na 5G izahindura sosiyete yacu”. Nk'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho cyane mu itumanaho rya telefoni zigendanwa muri iki gihe, 5G ifite intego yo “guhindura interineti ya byose no guhindura ikoranabuhanga ry’imirongo amagana n’ibihumbi by’inganda”, ibi bikaba bigomba gufasha abakoresha mu nganda zihagaze kugira ngo bahuzwe.

Bityo rero, 5G ntishobora guhuza buri gice cy’itumanaho n’igicu gusa, ahubwo inashobora gukora "isano iri hafi" hagati y’igice cy’itumanaho.

Bityo rero, muri 3GPP R16 standard, 5G LAN yazanye ubu buryo bushya.

Amahame n'ibiranga 5G LAN

Muri 5G Network, abayobozi bashobora guhindura amakuru ari muri database y'abakoresha (UDM network elements), bagasinya amasezerano ya serivisi bakoresheje inomero ya UE, hanyuma bakayagabanyamo amatsinda amwe cyangwa atandukanye ya Virtual network (VN).

Ububiko bw'amakuru bw'abakoresha butanga amakuru y'itsinda rya VN hamwe na politiki zo kugera ku bice by'umuyoboro w'ubuyobozi (SMF, AMF, PCF, nibindi) by'umuyoboro w'ibanze wa 5G (5GC). Ubuyobozi bwa NE buhuza aya makuru na politiki mu matsinda atandukanye ya Lans. Iyi ni 5G LAN.

5G LAN ishyigikira itumanaho rya Layer 2 (igice kimwe cy’umuyoboro, uburyo bwo kugera kuri buri umwe) ndetse n’itumanaho rya Layer 3 (mu bice by’umuyoboro, hifashishijwe uburyo bwo gutumanaho). 5G LAN ishyigikira unicast ndetse no gukwirakwiza amakuru menshi no gusakaza. Muri make, uburyo bwo kugera kuri buri umwe burahinduka cyane, kandi uburyo bwo guhuza amakuru buroroshye cyane.

Ku bijyanye n'ubushobozi, 5G LAN ishyigikira itumanaho hagati ya UPF imwe (igice cy'itumanaho ry'ibitangazamakuru ku ruhande rw'umuyoboro wa 5G) na UPF zitandukanye. Ibi ni nko kugabanya intera iri hagati y'aho terminals zikorera (ndetse na Beijing na Shanghai zishobora gutumanaho).

By’umwihariko, imiyoboro ya 5G LAN ishobora guhuza imiyoboro y’amakuru isanzweho y’abakoresha kugira ngo bayikoreshe bayikoreshe kandi bayikoreshe mu buryo bwa buri wese.

Uburyo bwo gukoresha 5G LAN n'ibyiza byayo

5G LAN ituma habaho ishyirwa hamwe no guhuza hagati y’imiyoboro ya 5G yagenwe, bikoroshya cyane kubaka umuyoboro wa LAN ugendanwa ku bigo. Abasomyi benshi bakwibaza bati ese uburyo bwo kugenda bushoboka kubera ikoranabuhanga rya Wi-Fi risanzweho? Kuki hakenewe 5G LAN?

Ntugire ikibazo, reka dukomeze.

Imiyoboro yo mu gace ikoreshwa na 5G LAN ishobora gufasha ibigo, amashuri, za leta, n'imiryango kuvugana neza n'imiyoboro yo mu karere. Ishobora gukoreshwa mu miyoboro y'ibiro, ariko akamaro kayo kanini kari mu guhindura imiterere y'umusaruro wa pariki no guhindura ihuriro ry'ibanze ry'ibigo bitanga umusaruro nk'inganda, imiyoboro y'ibyambu n'ibirombe by'ingufu.

Ubu turimo guteza imbere interineti y’inganda. Twizera ko 5G ishobora gutuma amashusho y’inganda ashyirwa mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga kuko 5G ari ikoranabuhanga ryiza cyane rikoresha umuyoboro munini w’itumanaho ridafite insinga kandi rigatinda cyane, rishobora gutuma habaho guhuza kwa wireless kw’ibintu bitandukanye bikorerwa mu nganda.

Urugero, dufate inganda zikora ibintu bitandukanye. Mbere, kugira ngo habeho uburyo bwo gukora ibintu mu buryo bwikora, kugira ngo hagerwe ku igenzura ry’ibikoresho, hakoreshwa ikoranabuhanga rya “bisi z’inganda”. Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw’iri koranabuhanga, bushobora kwitwa “hose”.

Nyuma, ubwo ikoranabuhanga rya Ethernet na IP ryatangiraga kugaragara, inganda zagize ubwumvikane, hamwe n’iterambere rya Ethernet, hariho "Ethernet y’inganda". Muri iki gihe, uko protocole y’itumanaho ry’inganda yaba iri kose, ahanini ishingiye kuri Ethernet.

Nyuma, amasosiyete y’inganda yasanze ko insinga zihuza ibyuma zigabanya cyane uburyo bwo kugenda - hari "ubudodo" inyuma y’igikoresho bwabuzaga kugenda neza.

Byongeye kandi, uburyo bwo gushyiraho itumanaho rishingiye ku nsinga buragoye cyane, igihe cyo kubaka ni kirekire, ikiguzi ni kinini. Iyo hari ikibazo ku bikoresho cyangwa insinga, gusimbuza nabyo biratinda cyane. Bityo, inganda zatangiye gutekereza ku gutangiza ikoranabuhanga ry'itumanaho ridafite insinga.

Kubera iyo mpamvu, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth n'izindi koranabuhanga zinjiye mu rwego rw'inganda.

Noneho, kugira ngo nsubire ku kibazo cyabanje, kuki 5G LAN ikoreshwa kandi hari Wi-Fi?

Dore impamvu:

1. Imikorere ya interineti ya Wi-Fi (cyane cyane Wi-Fi 4 na Wi-Fi 5) ntabwo ari myiza nka 5G.

Ku bijyanye n'umuvuduko wo kohereza no gutinda, 5G ishobora guhaza neza ibyo robots zikeneye mu nganda (gucunga manipulator), kugenzura ubuziranenge bw'ikoranabuhanga (kumenya amashusho yihuta cyane), AGV (imodoka idafite umushoferi) n'ibindi bibazo.

Ku bijyanye n'uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza amakuru, 5G ifite ubuso bunini bwo gukwirakwiza amakuru kurusha Wi-Fi kandi ishobora gukwirakwiza amakuru neza muri kaminuza. Ubushobozi bwa 5G bwo guhinduranya amakuru hagati y’uturemangingo nabwo burakomeye kurusha Wi-Fi, ibi bizazanira abakoresha uburyo bwiza bwo gukoresha interineti.

2. Amafaranga yo kubungabunga umuyoboro wa Wi-Fi ni menshi.

Kugira ngo hubakwe umuyoboro wa Wi-Fi muri pariki, ibigo bigomba gukoresha insinga no kugura ibikoresho byabyo bwite. Ibikoresho biragabanuka, byangirika kandi bigasimburwa, ariko nanone bibungabungwa n'abakozi badasanzwe. Hari ibikoresho byinshi bya Wi-Fi, kandi kuyitunganya ni ikibazo gikomeye.

5G iratandukanye. Yubatswe kandi ikanabungabungwa n'abayikora kandi ikodeshwa n'ibigo (Wi-Fi ugereranyije na 5G bisa nko kubaka icyumba cyawe ugereranije no kubaka cloud computing).

Iyo ushyize hamwe, 5G izaba ihendutse cyane.

3. 5G LAN ifite imikorere ikomeye kurushaho.

Gushyira hamwe VN kuri 5G LAN byavuzwe mbere. Uretse kwitandukanya kw'itumanaho, inshingano y'ingenzi yo gushyira hamwe ni ukugera ku gutandukanya QoS (urwego rwa serivisi) rw'imiyoboro itandukanye.

Urugero, ikigo gifite umuyoboro w'ibiro, umuyoboro wa sisitemu y'ikoranabuhanga, n'umuyoboro wa OT.

OT bisobanura Ikoranabuhanga ry’Imikorere. Ni umuyoboro uhuza ibidukikije by’inganda n’ibikoresho, nka lathes, amaboko ya robots, sensors, instrumentation, AGVs, monitoring systems, MES, PLCS, nibindi.

Imiyoboro itandukanye ifite ibisabwa mu mikorere bitandukanye. Imwe isaba gutinda guke, indi isaba umuyoboro munini, naho indi ifite ibisabwa bike.

5G LAN ishobora gusobanura imikorere itandukanye ya network hashingiwe ku matsinda atandukanye ya VN. Hari ibigo byitwa "micro slice".

4. 5G LAN biroroshye kuyicunga kandi ifite umutekano uhagije.

Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, amakuru yo gusinya umukoresha ashobora guhindurwa muri 5G UDM ns z'abatwara amakuru kugira ngo abakoresha bahuzwe mu matsinda ya VN. None se, tugomba kujya kuri serivisi y'abakiriya ya carrier igihe cyose dukeneye guhindura amakuru y'itsinda rya terminal (kwiyandikisha, gusiba, guhindura)?

Birumvikana ko atari byo.

Muri 5G networks, abakora bashobora gufungura uburenganzira bwo guhindura imikorere ku bayobozi b'imiyoboro y'ibigo binyuze mu guteza imbere urubuga, bigatuma habaho guhindura serivisi zabo bwite.

Birumvikana ko ibigo bishobora no gushyiraho politiki yabyo bwite y’imiyoboro y’abikorera hakurikijwe ibyo bakeneye.

Mu gushyiraho uburyo bwo guhuza amakuru, ibigo bishobora gushyiraho uburyo bwo kwemerera no kwemeza amakuru kugira ngo bicunge neza amatsinda ya VN. Ubu buryo bw'umutekano burakomeye cyane kandi bworoshye kurusha Wi-Fi.

Inyigo y'urugero rwa 5G LAN

Reka turebe ibyiza bya 5G LAN dukoresheje urugero rw'itumanaho runaka.

Mbere na mbere, ikigo cy’inganda, gifite aho gikorera, umurongo wacyo wo gukora (cyangwa imashini ikora), gikenera guhuza PLC na PLC binyuze mu muyoboro w’itumanaho.

Buri murongo w’itumanaho ufite ibikoresho byinshi, kandi byigenga. Ni byiza gushyiramo module za 5G kuri buri gikoresho kiri mu murongo w’itumanaho. Ariko, bisa nkaho bizaba bihenze gato muri iki cyiciro.

Hanyuma, gutangiza 5G industrial gateway, cyangwa 5G CPE, bishobora kunoza imikorere y'ikiguzi. Bikwiriye insinga, bihujwe na port y'insinga (port ya Ethernet, cyangwa port ya PLC). Bikwiriye insinga, bihujwe na 5G cyangwa Wi-Fi.

Niba 5G idashyigikira 5G LAN (mbere ya R16), birashoboka kandi kubona isano iri hagati ya PLC na PLC controller. Ariko, umuyoboro wose wa 5G ni protocole ya Layer 3 ishingiye kuri aderesi ya IP, kandi aderesi ya terminal nayo ni aderesi ya IP, idashyigikira kohereza amakuru ya Layer 2. Kugira ngo itumanaho rigerweho kuva ku mpera kugeza ku mpera, hagomba kongerwamo AR (Access Router) ku mpande zombi kugira ngo hashyirweho tunnel, hashyirwemo protocole ya Layer 2 y'inganda muri tunnel, kandi igere ku mpera ya peer.

Ubu buryo ntibwongera gusa ubugoranye, ahubwo bunakongera ikiguzi (igiciro cyo kugura router ya AR, abakozi bo gushyiraho router ya AR n'igihe). Iyo utekereje ku ruganda rufite imirongo ibihumbi, ikiguzi cyaba gitangaje.

Nyuma yo gutangiza 5G LAN, umuyoboro wa 5G ushyigikira kohereza amakuru mu buryo butaziguye kuri protocole ya Layer 2, bityo router za AR ntizigikenewe. Muri icyo gihe, umuyoboro wa 5G ushobora gutanga inzira ku miyoboro idafite aderesi za IP, kandi UPF ishobora kumenya aderesi za MAC za terminale. Umuyoboro wose uba umuyoboro muto w’urwego rumwe, ushobora kuvugana hagati yawo ku rwego rwa 2.

Ubushobozi bwo gukoresha 5G LAN mu gucomeka no gukina bushobora kwihuza neza n'imiyoboro y'abakiriya isanzweho, bikagabanya ingaruka ku miyoboro y'abakiriya isanzweho, kandi bikagabanya ikiguzi kinini hatabayeho kuvugurura no kuvugurura bikomeye.

Mu buryo bwagutse, 5G LAN ni ubufatanye hagati y'ikoranabuhanga rya 5G na Ethernet. Mu gihe kizaza, iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga rya TSN (umuyoboro ukoresha igihe) rishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga rya Ethernet ntirishobora gutandukanywa n'ubufasha bwa 5G LAN.

Ni ngombwa kuvuga ko 5G LAN, uretse kuba ifasha mu kubaka umuyoboro w’imbere muri pariki, ishobora no gukoreshwa nk'inyongera ku muyoboro gakondo w’ibigo bihuza amashami ahantu hatandukanye.

Moduli ya 5G LAN

Nkuko mubibona, 5G LAN ni ikoranabuhanga rikomeye rigezweho kuri 5G mu nganda zikora. Ishobora kubaka itumanaho rikomeye rya 5G ku giti cyayo kugira ngo ifashe abakiriya kwihutisha impinduka zabo mu ikoranabuhanga no kuvugurura.

Kugira ngo 5G LAN ikoreshwe neza, uretse kuvugurura umurongo wa interineti, hakenewe kandi inkunga ya module ya 5G.

Mu gihe cyo kuzana ikoranabuhanga rya 5G LAN mu bucuruzi, Unigroup Zhangrui yatangije urubuga rwa mbere rw’inganda rwa 5G R16 Ready baseband chips — V516.

Hashingiwe kuri uru rubuga, Quectel, uruganda rukora module zikomeye mu Bushinwa, yashoboye gukora module nyinshi za 5G zishyigikira ikoranabuhanga rya 5G LAN, kandi zashyizwe mu bucuruzi, harimo RG500U, RG200U, RM500U n'izindi module za LGA, M.2, Mini PCIe.