Ikimenyetso cya Passive ni iki?

Umwanditsi: Li Ai
Inkomoko: Ulink Media

Ikimenyetso cya Passive ni iki?

Sensoreri idakoresha ingufu (Passive sensor) yitwa sensor ihindura ingufu. Kimwe na interineti y'ibintu, ntabwo ikenera ingufu zo hanze, ni ukuvuga ko ari sensor idakenera gukoresha ingufu zo hanze, ariko kandi ishobora kubona ingufu binyuze muri sensor yo hanze.

Twese tuzi ko sensor zishobora kugabanywamo ibice bibiri: sensor zo gukoraho, sensor z'ishusho, sensor z'ubushyuhe, sensor z'ingendo, sensor z'aho ibintu biri, sensor z'umwuka, sensor z'urumuri n'ibikoresho by'umuvuduko bitewe n'ingano zitandukanye z'uburyo umuntu abona n'uburyo amenya. Ku sensor zikora ku buryo butunguranye, ingufu z'urumuri, imirasire ya elegitoroniki, ubushyuhe, ingufu z'ingendo z'abantu n'isoko y'ingufu ziboneka muri sensor ni byo bishobora guturukamo ingufu.

Birumvikana ko sensor zidafite ingufu zishobora kugabanywamo ibice bitatu bikurikira: sensor idafite ingufu za optique, sensor idafite ingufu za surface acoustic wave na sensor idafite ingufu ishingiye ku bikoresho by'ingufu.

• Sensor y'urumuri rw'amatara

Sensor y'urumuri rw'amatara ni ubwoko bwa sensor bushingiye ku miterere ya fibre y'amatara yakozwe hagati mu myaka ya 1970. Ni igikoresho gihindura imiterere y'urumuri rwapimwe mo ikimenyetso cy'urumuri gipimirwa. Kigizwe n'isoko y'urumuri, sensor, detector y'urumuri, circuit conditioning signal na fibre y'amatara.

Ifite imiterere yo kugira ubushobozi bwo kumva ibintu byinshi, kurwanya cyane ingaruka za elegitoroniki, gukingira neza amashanyarazi, guhangana cyane n'ibidukikije, gupima kure, gukoresha ingufu nke, kandi igenda ikura mu gukoresha interineti y'ibintu. Urugero, hydrophone y'urumuri rw'amajwi ifata fibre y'amajwi nk'ikintu cy'ingenzi, hamwe n'icyuma gipima ubushyuhe bwa fibre y'amajwi.

• Sensor y'Umuraba w'Amajwi yo Ku Buso

Sensor y'Umuraba w'Ijwi ry'Ijuru (SAW) ni sensor ikoresha igikoresho cy'umuraba w'ijwi ry'Ijuru nk'ikintu cyo kumva. Amakuru yapimwe agaragazwa n'impinduka z'umuvuduko cyangwa inshuro z'umuraba w'ijwi ry'Ijuru mu gikoresho cy'umuraba w'ijwi cya SURFACE, kandi ihindurwamo sensor y'amashanyarazi isohora ikimenyetso. Ni sensor ikomeye ifite ubwoko bwinshi bw'ibipimo. Irimo ahanini sensor y'umuvuduko w'umuraba w'ijwi ry'Ijuru, sensor y'ubushyuhe bw'umuraba w'ijwi ry'Ijuru, sensor y'ibinyabuzima by'umuraba w'ijini, sensor y'umwuka w'ijini w'ijini n'ibipimo by'ubwenge, n'ibindi.

Uretse sensor ya fiber optique idakoresha ingufu nyinshi, gupima intera, imiterere y'ikoreshwa ry'ingufu nke, sensor za acoustic wave zikoresha frequency ya Hui zihindura umuvuduko, bityo guhindura igenzura ku gipimo cyo hanze bishobora kuba nyabyo cyane, icyarimwe imiterere y'ingano nto, uburemere bworoheje, ikoreshwa ry'ingufu nke bishobora gutuma ibona imiterere myiza y'ubushyuhe n'imikorere ya mekanike, kandi byazanye igihe gishya cya sensor nto zidafite insinga. Ikoreshwa cyane muri sitasiyo nto, gari ya moshi, indege n'ahandi.

• Sensor idakoresha ingufu ishingiye ku bikoresho by'ingufu

Utumashini dukoresha ingufu zishingiye ku bikoresho by'ingufu, nk'uko izina ribisobanura, dukoresha ingufu zisanzwe mu buzima kugira ngo duhindure ingufu z'amashanyarazi, nk'ingufu z'urumuri, ingufu z'ubushyuhe, ingufu za mekanike n'ibindi. Utumashini dukoresha ingufu zishingiye ku bikoresho by'ingufu dufite ibyiza byo kuba umugozi munini, ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kurwanya ingaruka mbi, guhungabanya gato ikintu gipimwe, ubushobozi bwo kumva neza ibintu, kandi dukoreshwa cyane mu bipimo bya electromagnetic nka voltage nyinshi, inkuba, imbaraga zikomeye z'imirasire, microwave ikomeye n'ibindi.

Guhuza Sensors zidakora n'izindi Tekinoloji

Mu rwego rwa interineti y’ibintu, sensor zikoresha uburyo bwa "passive sensors" zikoreshwa cyane, kandi hasohotse ubwoko butandukanye bwa sensor zikoresha uburyo bwa "passive sensors". Urugero, sensors zihujwe na NFC, RFID ndetse na wifi, Bluetooth, UWB, 5G n’izindi koranabuhanga zikoresha insinga zavutse. Mu buryo bwa "passive mode", sensor ibona ingufu ziturutse ku majwi ya radiyo mu bidukikije binyuze muri antene, kandi amakuru ya sensor abikwa mu bubiko budashobora guhinduka, bugumaho iyo umuriro udatanzwe.

Kandi imashini zipima imyenda idakoresha insinga zishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga rya RFID, ihuza ikoranabuhanga rya RFID n'ibikoresho by'imyenda kugira ngo ikore ibikoresho bifite imikorere yo kumenya stress. Imashini zipima imyenda ya RFID zikoresha uburyo bwo gutumanaho no kwihutisha ikoranabuhanga rya passive UHF RFID tag, zikoresha ingufu za electromagnetic kugira ngo zikore, zifite ubushobozi bwo gukora no koroshya imikorere, kandi zikaba amahitamo y'ibikoresho byambarwa.

Ku iherezo

Internet y'ibintu idakora ni icyerekezo cy'iterambere ry'ejo hazaza rya Internet y'ibintu. Nk'umuyoboro wa Internet y'ibintu idakora, ibisabwa kuri sensor ntibikigarukira gusa ku gukoresha ingufu ntoya n'ingufu nke. Internet y'ibintu idakora izaba icyerekezo cy'iterambere gikwiye gutegurwa kurushaho. Hamwe no gukura no guhanga udushya kw'ikoranabuhanga rya sensor idakora, ikoreshwa ry'ikoranabuhanga rya sensor idakora rizarushaho kuba rinini.