Bitewe no kohereza imiyoboro ya 4G na 5G, imikorere ya 2G na 3G idafite interineti mu bihugu byinshi no mu turere irimo gutera imbere mu buryo buhoraho. Iyi nkuru itanga incamake y'imikorere ya 2G na 3G idafite interineti ku isi yose.
Mu gihe imiyoboro ya 5G ikomeje gukoreshwa ku isi yose, 2G na 3G birimo kurangira. Kugabanya 2G na 3G bizagira ingaruka ku ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya iot hakoreshejwe iri koranabuhanga. Aha, turaganira ku bibazo ibigo bigomba kwitondera mu gihe cyo gukoresha 2G/3G hanze y’ikoranabuhanga ndetse n’ingamba zo kubirwanya.
Ingaruka za 2G na 3G zitari kuri interineti ku miyoboro ya iot n'ingamba zo kuyirwanya
Kubera ko 4G na 5G bikwirakwizwa ku isi hose, imikorere ya 2G na 3G idafite interineti mu bihugu byinshi no mu turere irimo gutera imbere mu buryo buhamye. Uburyo bwo gufunga imiyoboro buratandukanye bitewe n'igihugu, haba ku bushake bw'abashinzwe kugenzura imiyoboro y'itumanaho mu turere kugira ngo babone inyungu z'agaciro, cyangwa ku bushake bw'abakora imiyoboro ya telefoni zigendanwa bwo gufunga imiyoboro mu gihe serivisi zihari zidakwiye gukomeza gukora.
Imiyoboro ya 2G, imaze imyaka irenga 30 iboneka ku isoko, itanga urubuga rwiza rwo gushyiramo ibisubizo byiza bya iot ku rwego rw'igihugu no ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Iherezo ry'ubuzima bw'ibisubizo byinshi bya iot, akenshi birenga imyaka 10, bivuze ko hakiri umubare munini w'ibikoresho bishobora gukoresha imiyoboro ya 2G gusa. Kubera iyo mpamvu, hakenewe ingamba zo kwemeza ko ibisubizo bya iot bikomeza gukora iyo 2G na 3G bitarakora.
Kugabanya 2G na 3G byaratangiye cyangwa byararangiye mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe, nka Amerika na Ositaraliya. Amatariki aratandukanye cyane ahandi, aho igice kinini cy'Uburayi giteganijwe mu mpera za 2025. Mu gihe kirekire, imiyoboro ya 2G na 3G izava ku isoko burundu, bityo iki ni ikibazo kidashobora kwirindwa.
Uburyo bwo gukuraho 2G/3G buratandukanye bitewe n'ahantu, bitewe n'imiterere y'isoko. Ibihugu byinshi n'uturere byinshi byatangaje gahunda yo gukoresha 2G na 3G hanze. Umubare w'imiyoboro ihagaritswe uzakomeza kwiyongera. Imiyoboro irenga 55 ya 2G na 3G iteganijwe gufungwa hagati ya 2021 na 2025, nk'uko amakuru ya GSMA Intelligence abigaragaza, ariko ikoranabuhanga ryombi ntirizavaho burundu icyarimwe. Mu masoko amwe, 2G iteganijwe gukomeza gukora mu gihe cy'imyaka icumi cyangwa irenga, kuko serivisi zihariye nko kwishyurana kuri telefoni zigendanwa muri Afurika na sisitemu zo guhamagara byihutirwa imodoka (eCall) mu yandi masoko zishingiye ku miyoboro ya 2G. Muri ibi bihe, imiyoboro ya 2G ishobora gukomeza gukora igihe kirekire.
Ni ryari 3G izava ku isoko?
Guhagarika imiyoboro ya 3G byamaze imyaka myinshi biteganyijwe kandi byafunzwe mu bihugu byinshi. Aya masoko yageze ku rwego rw'isi mu gukwirakwiza 4G kandi ari imbere y'abandi mu gukoresha 5G, bityo rero ni ngombwa guhagarika imiyoboro ya 3G no kongera gushyira ikoranabuhanga mu ikoranabuhanga rigezweho.
Kugeza ubu, hari imiyoboro myinshi ya 3G yafunzwe mu Burayi kurusha 2G, aho umukoresha umwe wo muri Danemark yafunze umuyoboro wayo wa 3G mu 2015. Nk’uko GSMA Intelligence ibitangaza, abakora 19 mu bihugu 14 by’i Burayi bateganya gufunga imiyoboro yabo ya 3G bitarenze 2025, mu gihe abakora 8 gusa mu bihugu umunani bateganya gufunga imiyoboro yabo ya 2G icyarimwe. Umubare w’abakora imiyoboro urimo kwiyongera uko abakora imiyoboro bagaragaza gahunda zabo. Ifungwa ry’umuyoboro wa 3G mu Burayi Nyuma yo gutegura neza, abakora benshi batangaje amatariki yabo yo gufunga imiyoboro ya 3G. Ikintu gishya kigaragara mu Burayi ni uko bamwe mu bakora imiyoboro barimo kongera igihe giteganyijwe cyo gukora cya 2G. Urugero, mu Bwongereza, amakuru aheruka agaragaza ko itariki yateganijwe yo gutangira mu 2025 yasubitswe nyuma kuko leta yagiranye amasezerano n’abakora imiyoboro ya terefone zigendanwa yo gukomeza gukora imiyoboro ya 2G mu myaka mike iri imbere.
· Imiyoboro ya 3G yo muri Amerika yarafunzwe
Guhagarika umuyoboro wa 3G muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika birimo kugenda neza bitewe n’uko imiyoboro ya 4G na 5G itangiye gukoreshwa, aho imiyoboro yose ikomeye y’itumanaho igamije kurangiza ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya 3G mu mpera za 2022. Mu myaka yashize, akarere ka Amerika kibanze ku kugabanya 2G mu gihe imiyoboro ya 5G yatangiye gukoreshwa. Abakora imiyoboro barimo gukoresha uburyo bwa 2G bworoshye kugira ngo bahangane n’ibyifuzo by’imiyoboro ya 4G na 5G.
· Imiyoboro ya 2G yo muri Aziya yafunze ibikorwa byayo
Abatanga serivisi muri Aziya barimo gukomeza gukoresha imiyoboro ya 3G mu gihe bafunga imiyoboro ya 2G kugira ngo bahindure spectrum kuri 4G, ikoreshwa cyane muri ako karere. Mu mpera za 2025, GSMA Intelligence yiteze ko abakora 29 bazafunga imiyoboro yabo ya 2G na 16 bazafunga imiyoboro yabo ya 3G. Akarere kamwe rukumbi muri Aziya kamaze gufunga imiyoboro ya 2G (2017) na 3G (2018) ni Tayiwani.
Muri Aziya, hari ibidasanzwe: abakora porogaramu batangiye kugabanya 3G mbere ya 2G. Urugero, muri Maleziya, abakora porogaramu bose bafunze imiyoboro yabo ya 3G bagenzurwa na leta.
Muri Indoneziya, babiri muri batatu bahagaritse imiyoboro yabo ya 3G naho uwa gatatu arateganya kubikora (ubu nta n'umwe muri batatu ufite gahunda yo guhagarika imiyoboro yabo ya 2G).
· Afurika ikomeje kwishingikiriza ku miyoboro ya 2G
Muri Afurika, 2G ingana kabiri na 3G. Telefoni zigezweho ziracyafite 42% by'amafaranga yose hamwe, kandi igiciro cyazo gito gitera abakoresha gukomeza gukoresha izi telefoni. Ibi byatumye terefone zigendanwa zinjira mu buryo budahagije, bityo gahunda nke zatangajwe zo gusubiza interineti mu karere.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-14-2022