Gahunda yo Guhuza Ibikoresho: Guhitamo Porotokole Ikwiye yo Guhuza Ibipimo By'ubwenge

Ku bahuza sisitemu, abakora porogaramu, n'abahanga mu by'ikoranabuhanga, agaciro nyakuri k'ikipimo cy'ubwenge ntikigenzurwa n'uburyo gipima neza gusa, ahubwo ni uburyo gihuza amakuru mu buryo burambuye mu buryo bwagutse bwa porogaramu zo gucunga ingufu, porogaramu zo mu bicu, na porogaramu zihariye. Guhitamo hagati ya porogaramu z'itumanaho bigena niba igikoresho kiba silo y'amakuru cyangwa node y'ubwenge mu muyoboro usubiza ibibazo. Iyi nyandiko igaragaza amahitamo y'ingenzi yo guhuza kuri metero zigezweho za IoT, ikagufasha guhitamo inzira nziza y'umushinga wawe muriIbipimo by'ingufu za Zigbee, Ibipimo by'ubuhanga bya Modbus, Ibipimo by'ingufu bya LoRaWAN, Ibipimo by'ingufu bya RS-485, na API zigezweho za bipimo by'ubuhanga.

Intangiriro: Impamvu Guhitamo Protocole ari icyemezo cy'ibanze cy'ubucuruzi

Mu mishinga y’ingufu z’ubucuruzi n’inganda, ibikoresho bipima ni ishoramari ry’igihe kirekire. Porogaramu y’itumanaho igena uburyo bwo gushyiramo ibintu bigoye, ubushobozi bwo kwaguka, uburyo bwo kubona amakuru, no kwirinda mu gihe kizaza. Igipimo cy’ikoranabuhanga gifite aho gihuriye n’ikoranabuhanga gishobora kongera ikiguzi cy’umushinga binyuze mu nzira z’inyongera, kugabanya imikorere, cyangwa gutuma umucuruzi afunga. Iri sesengura rirenze ibisobanuro byo kwamamaza kugira ngo risuzume ADN y’imikorere ya buri porogaramu kugira ngo ihuzwe n’umwuga.

Igice cya 1: Udukingirizo tudakoresha insinga mu bwubatsi bwikora – Zigbee

Igipimo cy'ingufu cya Zigbee

• Imiterere y'ikoranabuhanga: Uburyo bwo guhuza imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi idafite insinga (IEEE 802.15.4) bukoresha ingufu nke (IEEE 802.15.4) bukorera muri bande ya 2.4 GHz. Ibikoresho byohereza amakuru hagati yabyo, bigatuma habaho umuyoboro wikora wongera uburebure bw'amakuru kandi ukongera ubwizerwe mu kigo.
• Uburyo bwiza bwo gukoresha: Ni byiza cyane mu kubaka inyubako. Tekereza ku mazu y’abakodesha benshi, hasi mu biro, mu mahoteli, cyangwa mu bubiko aho hakenewe kugenzura uruzitiro cyangwa ibyumba byinshi. Igipimo cy’ingufu cya Zigbee gishobora gukora umuyoboro w’ahantu runaka (LAN) hamwe n’ibindi byuma bipima (ubushyuhe, abantu) n’amarembo.
• Ibintu by'ingenzi bigomba kwitabwaho n'abahuza:
  • Ibyiza: Ikoreshwa ry'ingufu nke (ibipimo ngenderwaho bikoresha bateri birashoboka), uburyo bworoshye bwo gukoresha umuyoboro w'itumanaho, uburyo bwo gukoresha ibikoresho byinshi, kandi buzwi mu nyubako zigezweho.
  • Ibibi: Bisaba inzira ya Zigbee-to-IP (urugero,Owon SEG-X3) kugira ngo ihuzwe na seriveri zo mu bicu. Intera hagati y'ibikoresho ku giti cyabyo ni nke nta mesh nini.
• Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Owon: Ibikoresho nka PC321 power clamp bitanga uburyo bwo guhuza Zigbee 3.0, bigatuma zikora nk'amanode mu muyoboro ukomeye kandi udafite insinga wo mu gace. Ibi ni byiza ku bakiriya ba OEM cyangwa abahuza sisitemu bubaka ibisubizo bya BMS byihariye aho amakuru agomba guhurizwa hamwe mu gace runaka mbere yo kohereza amakuru mu bicu.

Igice cya 2: Ikoranabuhanga mu by'Inganda – Modbus & RS-485

Igipimo cy'Ingufu cya Modbus | Igipimo cy'Ingufu cya RS-485

• Imiterere y'ikoranabuhanga: Modbus ni porotokoli y'ubutumwa bw'urwego rw'imirimo. RS-485 ni urwego rufatika, urwego rukomeye rw'itumanaho ry'uruhererekane rushyigikira intera ndende (kugeza kuri metero 1200) n'imiyoboro myinshi (ibikoresho byinshi kuri bisi imwe).
• Uburyo bwiza bwo gukoresha: Umwami utavuguruzwa w’inganda. Inganda zikora, aho zitunganya amazi, cyangwa ahandi hose hakoreshwa sisitemu ya PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) cyangwa SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition). Modbus RTU ikoresha RS-485 ishobora gushyirwa muri uru rwego rw’ibinyabuzima.
• Ibintu by'ingenzi by'ingenzi ku bahanga mu by'ubwubatsi:
  • Ibyiza: Kwizerwa cyane, kudakoresha urusaku, gutinda guke, byumvikana na bose n'abahanga mu by'ikoranabuhanga mu nganda. Byoroshya uburyo bwo guhuza porogaramu n'izindi porogaramu za kera.
  • Ibibi: Bisaba gushyiramo insinga (igiciro cy'insinga n'umurimo), ntibigorana cyane mu kongera gukora, bikunze gutanga imiterere y'amakuru yoroshye ugereranyije na API zigezweho.
• Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Owon: Ibipimo byinshi bya Owon bikoresha ubwenge bitanga umuyoboro wa RS-485 hamwe na protocole ya Modbus RTU. Ibi bituma biba amahitamo yo gushyiramo amakuru ku bahanga mu by’ikoranabuhanga bakeneye kohereza amakuru y’ingufu mu buryo bwihuse (V, I, kW, kWh) muri Siemens, Allen-Bradley, cyangwa izindi sisitemu zo kugenzura imashini.

Igice cya 3: Imikoranire y'ahantu hagari kandi hare – LoRaWAN

Igipimo cy'ingufu cya LoRaWAN

• Imiterere y'ikoranabuhanga: Porogaramu ya LPWAN (Porotokoli y'ingufu nke n'ahantu hagari) yagenewe kohereza udupaki duto tw'amakuru mu ntera ndende cyane (ibirometero mu cyaro) nta batiri nyinshi zikoreshwa.
• Uburyo bwiza bwo gukoresha: Gukurikirana imitungo ikwirakwira mu turere. Imirima ikoresha imirasire y'izuba, sitasiyo zikoresha imirasire y'izuba, pompe z'amazi zikwirakwira, cyangwa ibikorwa remezo by'umujyi nk'amatara yo ku muhanda. Igipimo cy'ingufu cya LoRaWAN gishobora kohereza amakuru mu buryo butaziguye kuri seriveri ya LoRaWAN ya leta cyangwa iy'umuntu ku giti cye iri kure cyane.
• Ibintu by'ingenzi bigomba kwitabwaho n'abashushanya sisitemu:
  • Ibyiza: Ifite ubwikorezi bwinshi, ingufu nke cyane, ikiguzi gito cyo kwiyandikisha kuri interineti. Ni byiza cyane ku bantu bagoranye gukoresha interineti cyangwa ahantu hatandukanye.
  • Ibibi: Igipimo cy'amakuru kiri hasi cyane (atari ukugera ku isuzuma ryihuta cyane), bishobora gutuma imiyoboro y'itumanaho icucitse mu mijyi myinshi, bisaba ibikorwa remezo bya LoRaWAN.
• Igitekerezo cya Owon: Nk'umuntuUruganda rwa IoT rukora ibikoresho, Owon ashobora guteza imbere ubwoko bwa LoRaWAN ku mishinga yihariye ya OEM/ODM aho igisabwa cy'ibanze ari ugusoma ibipimo buri gihe uhereye ku mbuga za kure, zitari kuri gridi aho kugenzura mu gihe nyacyo.

Igice cya 4: Inzira ya none yo guhuza igicu – Smart Meter APIs

API y'ibipimo by'ubwenge

• Imiterere y'ikoranabuhanga: Porogaramu ya porogaramu (API), akenshi ikoresha HTTP cyangwa MQTT, itanga uburyo bwo kugera ku makuru ya metero hakoreshejwe imiyoboro ya IP (Wi-Fi, Ethernet, Cellular).
• Porogaramu nziza: Porogaramu z'ingufu zikoreshwa mu buryo bwa cloud, porogaramu za SaaS, na dashboards zihariye. Ni amahitamo y'abakora porogaramu bubaka isesengura ry'ingufu ry'ikinyejana gitaha, porogaramu z'ubwishyu bw'abakodesha, cyangwa ibikoresho byo gutanga raporo bya ESG. Igipimo cy'ikoranabuhanga gifite API yanditswe neza kigufasha gushakisha, kwandika amateka, no guhindura amakuru udakoresheje uburyo bwo guhindura protocole ku rwego rwo hasi.
• Ibintu by'ingenzi by'ingenzi abakora porogaramu bagomba kwitaho:
  • Ibyiza: Gukoresha ibikoresho bya mudasobwa, imiterere y’amakuru asanzwe (akenshi JSON), umutekano wubatswemo (HTTPS, tokens), bituma habaho guhuza neza na serivisi zo mu bicu (AWS IoT, Azure).
  • Ibibi: Biterwa n'uburyo icyuma gitunganya imbere n'uburyo umuyoboro ukorana n'igicu. Ubukererwe bushobora kuba buri hejuru ugereranyije na protocole zo mu gace runaka.
• Igisubizo cya Owon: Uretse uburyo bw'ibanze bwo guhuza, Owon itanga API zo ku rwego rw'ibikoresho n'izo ku rwego rw'ibicu ku buryo bw'imikorere yayo. Ibi biha abakora porogaramu ubushobozi bwo gukura amakuru mu buryo butaziguye mu buryo bw'ibicu bya Owon (PaaS) cyangwa, kugira ngo bagenzure neza, bahuze neza n'inzira zo kwinjiramo bakoresheje MQTT API kugira ngo bubake ibisubizo byihariye kandi bifite ikirango ku bakiriya babo.

Igice cya 5: Igereranya rya Protocole n'Uburyo bwo Guhitamo

Umwanzuro: Guhuza Protocole na DNA y'umushinga n'icyitegererezo cy'ubucuruzi

Nta porotokoli imwe "nziza" ibaho. Amahitamo ni ay'ingenzi ajyanye n'imbogamizi z'umushinga, ibyo ukeneye mu makuru, n'icyitegererezo cy'ubucuruzi cy'umuhuza cyangwa OEM.

• Ese uri kubaka sisitemu yo gucunga inyubako ikoresha uburyo bwa "turnkey"? Zigbee itanga uburyo bwiza bwo kuyikoresha.
• Ese uri kuvugurura uburyo bwo kugenzura ibicuruzwa mu nganda? Modbus ukoresheje RS-485 ni yo ngenderwaho yizewe kandi yitezweho.
• Ese uri gutegura porogaramu zigenewe abakiriya b'ibigo by'ikoranabuhanga? API zizewe kandi zanditse neza ntizishobora kuganirwaho.

Akamaro ka Owon ku bafatanyabikorwa mu bya tekiniki:
Nk'uruganda rw'ibikoresho bya IoT rwabigize umwuga, ubunararibonye bwacu ntibushingiye gusa ku gukora ibipimo nyabyo, ahubwo bushingira no ku gutanga uburyo bworoshye bwo guhuza. Waba ukeneye igipimo gisanzwe cya Zigbee energy, ikarita yihariye ya Modbus yo kwiyandikisha kuri sisitemu ishaje, cyangwa igikoresho gifite label yera gifite API yawe bwite, serivisi zacu za ODM zagenewe guhindura ibisobanuro byawe bya tekiniki mu bikoresho byizewe. Ibi bikuraho ikibazo cyo guhuza kandi bigufasha kwibanda ku gutanga agaciro muri porogaramu yawe cyangwa serivisi.

Witeguye Gusobanura Igisubizo Cyawe?
Kuramo ubuyobozi bwacu burambuye bwa protocole y'itumanaho rya tekiniki ku bahuza sisitemu, cyangwa uhamagare itsinda ryacu ry'abahanga mu by'ubwubatsi kugira ngo muganire ku bisabwa na ODM ku mushinga wawe utaha.