Imigi yubwenge ihujwe izana inzozi nziza. Muri iyo mijyi, tekinoroji ya digitale ihuza ibikorwa byinshi byihariye bya gisivili kugirango tunoze imikorere nubwenge. Biteganijwe ko mu 2050, 70% by'abatuye isi bazaba batuye mu mijyi ifite ubwenge, aho ubuzima buzaba bwiza, bwishimye kandi butekanye. Icy'ingenzi, isezeranya kuba icyatsi, ikarita yanyuma ya kimuntu irwanya irimbuka ryisi.
Ariko imijyi ifite ubwenge nakazi gakomeye. Ikoranabuhanga rishya rirazimvye, inzego z’ibanze zirakumirwa, kandi politiki ihinduka mu gihe cy’amatora magufi, ku buryo bigoye kugera ku buryo bukoreshwa cyane kandi bukoreshwa mu buryo bw’imari uburyo bwo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga bukoreshwa mu mijyi ku isi cyangwa mu gihugu. Mubyukuri, imijyi myinshi yambere yubwenge ifite ubwenge mumutwe ni icyegeranyo cyubushakashatsi butandukanye bwikoranabuhanga hamwe nimishinga yo mukarere, hamwe na bike byo gutegereza kwaguka.
Reka turebe imyanda hamwe na parikingi, zifite ubwenge hamwe na sensor hamwe nisesengura; Ni muri urwo rwego, kugaruka ku ishoramari (ROI) biragoye kubara no kubishyira mu bikorwa, cyane cyane iyo ibigo bya leta bitandukanijwe cyane (hagati y’ibigo bya Leta n’ibikorwa byigenga, ndetse no hagati y’imijyi, imigi, uturere n’ibihugu). Reba kugenzura ikirere; Nigute byoroshye kubara ingaruka zumwuka mwiza kuri serivisi zubuzima mumujyi? Birumvikana, imigi yubwenge iragoye kuyishyira mubikorwa, ariko kandi biragoye kubihakana.
Hariho, ariko, urumuri rwumucyo mu gihu cyimpinduka za digitale. Itara ryo kumuhanda muri serivisi zose za komini ritanga urubuga rwimijyi kugirango ibone imikorere yubwenge no guhuza porogaramu nyinshi kunshuro yambere. Reba imishinga itandukanye yo kumurika kumihanda ishyirwa mubikorwa muri San Diego muri Amerika na Copenhagen muri Danimarike, kandi ziriyongera. Iyi mishinga ihuza ibice bya sensor hamwe nibikoresho byuma bigizwe nibikoresho byashyizwe kumurongo kugirango byemererwe kure gucana amatara ubwayo no gukora indi mirimo, nka compteur yumuhanda, monitor yubuziranenge bwikirere, ndetse nogushakisha imbunda.
Kuva hejuru yuburebure bwurumuri, imijyi yatangiye gukemura "ubuzima" bwumujyi kumuhanda, harimo urujya n'uruza rwinshi, urusaku n’umwanda uhumanya ikirere, hamwe n’ubucuruzi bugaragara. Ndetse ibyuma byaparika, bisanzwe bishyingurwa muri parikingi, birashobora kuba bihendutse kandi neza nibikorwa remezo byo kumurika. Imijyi yose irashobora guhurizwa hamwe no gutezimbere utabanje gucukura imihanda cyangwa gukodesha umwanya cyangwa gukemura ibibazo bya comptabilite bijyanye nubuzima bwiza n’imihanda itekanye.
Ibi birakora kuko, kubice byinshi, ibisubizo byubwenge bwubwenge ntibibarwa muburyo bwambere bwo kuzigama bivuye mubisubizo byubwenge. Ahubwo, kubaho kwimpinduramatwara yo mumijyi ningaruka zimpanuka ziterambere icyarimwe.
Ingufu zizigama zo gusimbuza amatara yaka n'amatara akomeye ya LED, hamwe n'amashanyarazi aboneka byoroshye hamwe nibikorwa remezo binini byo kumurika, bituma imijyi yubwenge ishoboka.
Umuvuduko wo guhindura LED umaze kuba mwiza, kandi urumuri rwubwenge ruriyongera. Nk’uko bigaragazwa na 90% by'amatara yo ku mihanda miliyoni 363 ku isi azamurikirwa n'ibitanda bitarenze 2027, nk'uko byatangajwe n'isesengura ry'ibikorwa remezo bifite ubwenge. Icya gatatu muri byo nacyo kizakoresha porogaramu zubwenge, inzira yatangiye mumyaka mike ishize. Kugeza igihe inkunga ninshi nigishushanyo mbonera bisohotse, kumurika kumuhanda bikwiranye nkibikorwa remezo byurusobe rwikoranabuhanga rinyuranye mumijyi minini yubwenge.
Bika igiciro cya LED
Ukurikije amategeko agenga igikumwe yatanzwe n’abakora amatara na sensor, amatara yubwenge arashobora kugabanya ibikorwa remezo bijyanye nubuyobozi no kubungabunga ibiciro 50 kugeza 70%. Ariko ibyinshi muri byo bizigama (hafi 50 ku ijana, bihagije kugirango habeho itandukaniro) byashoboraga kugerwaho muguhindura amatara akoresha ingufu za LED. Ibisigaye byo kuzigama biva muguhuza no kugenzura abamurika no gutanga amakuru yubwenge yukuntu bakora kumurongo wamatara.
Guhindura hamwe no kwitegereza byonyine birashobora kugabanya cyane amafaranga yo kubungabunga. Hariho inzira nyinshi, kandi zuzuzanya: guteganya, kugenzura ibihe no guhindura igihe; Gusuzuma amakosa no kugabanya kwita kubikamyo. Ingaruka ziyongera nubunini bwurumuri rumurika kandi rusubira murubanza rwa ROI rwambere. Isoko rivuga ko ubu buryo bushobora kwiyishura mu myaka igera kuri itanu, kandi bukaba bufite ubushobozi bwo kwiyishura mu gihe gito hashyizwemo ibitekerezo by’umujyi byoroheje “byoroheje”, nk’abafite ibyuma bifata ibyuma bihagarara, abashinzwe umutekano mu muhanda, kugenzura ubuziranenge bw’ikirere hamwe n’iperereza ry’imbunda. .
Guidehouse Insights, umusesenguzi wisoko, akurikirana imijyi irenga 200 kugirango bapime umuvuduko wimpinduka; Ivuga ko kimwe cya kane cyimijyi irimo gutangiza gahunda yo kumurika ubwenge. Igurishwa rya sisitemu yubwenge iriyongera. Ubushakashatsi bwa ABI bubara ko amafaranga yinjira ku isi azazamuka inshuro icumi agera kuri miliyari 1.7 z'amadolari mu 2026. “Umucyo w'itara” ku isi ni nk'uyu; Ibikorwa remezo byo kumurika kumuhanda, bifitanye isano rya bugufi nibikorwa byabantu, ninzira igana imbere nkurubuga rwimijyi yubwenge murwego rwagutse. ABI yavuze ko guhera mu 2022, ibice birenga bibiri bya gatatu by'ibikoresho bishya byo kumurika umuhanda bizahuzwa n'ubuyobozi bukuru kugira ngo bihuze amakuru aturuka ku byuma bifata ibyuma byinshi byo mu mujyi.
Adarsh Krishnan, umusesenguzi mukuru w’ubushakashatsi bwa ABI, yagize ati: “Hariho amahirwe menshi y’ubucuruzi ku bacuruzi bo mu mujyi bafite ubwenge bakoresha ibikorwa remezo by’umucyo wo mu mijyi bakoresheje imiyoboro idafite insinga, ibyuma byangiza ibidukikije ndetse na kamera zifite ubwenge. Ikibazo ni ugushaka imishinga ifatika y’ubucuruzi ishishikariza sosiyete gukoresha ibisubizo byinshi ku buryo bunoze kandi buhendutse. ”
Ikibazo ntikikiri ukumenya guhuza, ariko uburyo, nuburyo bwo guhuza umwanya wambere. Nkuko Krishnan abibona, igice cyibi kijyanye nubucuruzi bwubucuruzi, ariko amafaranga asanzwe yinjira mumijyi yubwenge binyuze mumashanyarazi ya koperative (PPP), aho ibigo byigenga bigira ingaruka kumafaranga kugirango bishoboke gutsinda mumishinga shoramari. Kwiyandikisha gushingiye kumasezerano "as-a-service" yakwirakwije ishoramari mugihe cyo kwishyura, ari nacyo cyateye ibikorwa.
Ibinyuranye, amatara yo kumuhanda muburayi arahuzwa numuyoboro gakondo wubuki (mubisanzwe 2G kugeza LTE (4G)) kimwe nibikoresho bishya bya HONEYCOMB Iot, LTE-M. Ikoranabuhanga rya ultra-تارband (UNB) naryo ririmo gukoreshwa, hamwe na Zigbee, ikwirakwizwa rito rya Bluetooth ifite ingufu nkeya, hamwe na IEEE 802.15.4.
Ihuriro ry’ikoranabuhanga rya Bluetooth (SIG) ryibanda cyane ku mijyi ifite ubwenge. Iri tsinda rivuga ko ibicuruzwa byoherejwe na Bluetooth ifite ingufu nke mu mijyi ifite ubwenge biziyongera inshuro eshanu mu myaka itanu iri imbere, bikagera kuri miliyoni 230 ku mwaka. Byinshi bifitanye isano no gukurikirana umutungo ahantu rusange, nkibibuga byindege, stade, ibitaro, amaduka ndangamurage. Nyamara, ingufu nke za Bluetooth nazo zigamije imiyoboro yo hanze. Ihuriro ry’ikoranabuhanga rya Bluetooth ryagize riti: “Igisubizo cy’imicungire y’umutungo gitezimbere imikoreshereze y’umutungo w’umujyi kandi gifasha kugabanya amafaranga yo gukora mu mijyi.”
Ihuriro ryubuhanga bubiri nibyiza!
Buri tekinoroji ifite ibibazo byayo, ariko, bimwe byakemuwe mu mpaka. Kurugero, UNB itanga imipaka ikarishye kumurimo wo kwishyurwa no gutanga gahunda, ikuraho inkunga ibangikanye kubikorwa byinshi bya sensor cyangwa kubisabwa nka kamera zibisaba. Ikoranabuhanga rigufi rihendutse kandi ritanga ibicuruzwa byinshi mugutezimbere urumuri nkurubuga-Igenamiterere. Icyangombwa, barashobora kandi kugira uruhare rwinyuma mugihe habaye ibimenyetso bya WAN bitandukanijwe, kandi bigatanga uburyo kubatekinisiye basoma ibyuma byifashishwa muburyo bwo gukemura no gusuzuma. Bluetooth ifite imbaraga nke, kurugero, ikorana na terefone hafi ya yose ku isoko.
Nubwo urusobekerane rwinshi rushobora kongera imbaraga, ubwubatsi bwarwo buba ingorabahizi kandi bigashyira ingufu nyinshi hejuru yingingo zifatika. Urwego rwohereza narwo rufite ikibazo; Igipfukisho ukoresheje Zigbee na Bluetooth ifite ingufu nkeya ni metero magana make gusa. Nubwo tekinoroji zitandukanye zigufi zirahiganwa kandi zikwiranye na gride-ishingiye, abaturanyi-mugari wa sensor, ni imiyoboro ifunze bisaba ko hakoreshwa amarembo kugirango wohereze ibimenyetso mubicu.
Guhuza ubuki mubisanzwe byongewe kumpera. Icyerekezo cyabacuruzi bafite amatara yubwenge nugukoresha umurongo-wibicu guhuza ibimamara kugirango utange ibirometero 5 kugeza kuri 15 byinjiriro cyangwa ibyuma bikoresha sensor. Ikoranabuhanga rya Beehive rizana intera nini yohereza no koroshya; Itanga kandi imiyoboro idahwitse hamwe n’urwego rwo hejuru rw’umutekano, nk’uko umuryango wa Hive ubitangaza.
Neill Young, umuyobozi wa interineti y’ibintu Vertical muri GSMA, urwego rw’inganda ruhagarariye abakora imiyoboro ya terefone igendanwa, yagize ati: “Abakora ibikorwa… bafite ibintu byose bikikije akarere kose, bityo rero ntibisaba ko hajyaho ibikorwa remezo bihuza ibikoresho byo kumurika imijyi na sensor . Mu ruhushya rw’ibishashara rw’ubuki rufite umutekano kandi rwizewe, bivuze ko uwukora afite ibihe byiza, ashobora gushyigikira umubare munini w’ibikenerwa igihe kirekire cya bateri ndetse no kubungabunga bike ndetse n’intera ndende y’ibikoresho bidahenze. ”
Muri tekinoroji zose zo guhuza ziboneka, HONEYCOMB izabona iterambere ryinshi mumyaka iri imbere, nkuko ABI ibivuga. Urusaku rugera kuri 5G hamwe no kwihutira kwakira ibikorwa remezo 5G byatumye abashoramari bafata inkingi yoroheje bakuzuza ibice bito byubuki mubidukikije. Muri Amerika, Las Vegas na Sacramento bohereza LTE na 5G, hamwe na sensor yumujyi wubwenge, kumatara yo kumuhanda binyuze mubitwara AT&T na Verizon. Hong Kong imaze gushyira ahagaragara gahunda yo gushyiraho amatara 400 5G akoreshwa mu rwego rwo gutangiza umujyi wubwenge.
Kwishyira hamwe kwicyuma
Nielsen yongeyeho ati: “Nordic itanga ibicuruzwa byinshi-bigufi kandi birebire, hamwe na nRF52840 SoC ishyigikira ingufu nke za Bluetooth, Bluetooth Mesh na Zigbee, hamwe na sisitemu hamwe na sisitemu ya 2.4ghz. Nordic's Honeycomb ishingiye kuri nRF9160 SiP itanga inkunga ya LTE-M na NB-iot. Guhuza ikoranabuhanga ryombi bizana imikorere ndetse n'ibiciro byiza. ”
Gutandukanya inshuro nyinshi bituma sisitemu zibana, hamwe nabambere bakorera mumurongo utabifitiye uruhushya 2.4ghz naho iyanyuma ikorera aho LTE iherereye. Mugihe cyo hasi kandi kinini, hariho ubucuruzi hagati yuburinganire bwagutse nubushobozi bwo kohereza. Ariko mumashanyarazi, tekinoroji ngufi ya interineti ikoreshwa muburyo busanzwe bwo guhuza ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata amajwi, imbaraga zo kubara zikoreshwa mu kwitegereza no gusesengura, naho ubuki bukoreshwa mu kohereza amakuru mu gicu, ndetse no kugenzura ibyuma bikoreshwa mu rwego rwo hejuru.
Kugeza ubu, amaradiyo magufi na radiyo ndende yongeweho ukwayo, ntabwo yubatswe muri chip imwe ya silicon. Rimwe na rimwe, ibice biratandukana kuko kunanirwa kwa kumurika, sensor na radio byose biratandukanye. Ariko, kwinjiza amaradiyo abiri muri sisitemu imwe bizavamo guhuza ikoranabuhanga ryegereye hamwe nigiciro cyo kugura, ibyo bikaba ari ibintu byingenzi byita kumijyi ifite ubwenge.
Nordic yibwira ko isoko rigenda muri icyo cyerekezo. Isosiyete yinjije imiyoboro migufi itagira umuyaga hamwe nubuki IoT ihuza ibyuma byuma na software kurwego rwabatezimbere kugirango abakora ibisubizo bashobore gukoresha icyarimwe icyarimwe mubisabwa. Ubuyobozi bwa Nordic DK kuri nRF9160 SiP bwateguwe kubateza imbere "kugirango porogaramu ya Honeycomb iot ikore"; Nordic Thingy: 91 yasobanuwe nk "irembo ryuzuye riva mu irembo" rishobora gukoreshwa nka porogaramu ya prototyping itari hanze cyangwa gihamya-yerekana igitekerezo cyo gukora ibicuruzwa hakiri kare.
Byombi biranga ubuki bwuburyo bwinshi nRF9160 SiP hamwe na protocole myinshi-intera ngufi nRF52840 SoC. Sisitemu yashyizwemo ihuza ikoranabuhanga ryombi ryo kohereza IoT mu bucuruzi hasigaye “amezi” gusa ngo ubucuruzi, nk'uko Nordic ibivuga.
Nordic Nielsen yagize ati: “hashyizweho urubuga rwo kumurika umujyi rufite ubwenge; isoko irasobanutse neza uburyo bwo kubahuza hamwe, twatanze ibisubizo kubuyobozi bukora iterambere, kugirango tumenye uko bakorana. Bishyizwe hamwe mu bisubizo by'ubucuruzi ni ngombwa, mu gihe gito. ”
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-29-2022