Umutekano wa IOT

IoT ni iki?

Internet of Things (IoT) ni itsinda ry'ibikoresho bihujwe na interineti. Ushobora gutekereza ku bikoresho nka mudasobwa zigendanwa cyangwa televiziyo zigezweho, ariko IoT irarenga ibyo. Tekereza igikoresho cy'ikoranabuhanga mu bihe byashize kitari gihujwe na interineti, nka fotokopi, firigo mu rugo cyangwa icyuma gitunganya ikawa mu cyumba cyo kuruhukiramo. Internet of Things yerekeza ku bikoresho byose bishobora guhuzwa na interineti, ndetse n'ibidasanzwe. Hafi buri gikoresho cyose gifite switch muri iki gihe gifite ubushobozi bwo guhuzwa na interineti no kuba igice cya IoT.

Kuki abantu bose bavuga kuri IoT ubu?

IoT ni ingingo ishyushye cyane kuko twabonye uburyo ibintu byinshi bishobora guhuzwa na interineti n'uburyo bizagira ingaruka ku bucuruzi. Uruvange rw'ibintu bituma IoT iba ingingo ikwiye kuganirwaho, harimo:

• Uburyo buhendutse bwo kubaka ibikoresho bishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga
• Ibicuruzwa byinshi bikoresha Wi-Fi
• Ikoreshwa rya telefoni zigendanwa riri kwiyongera cyane
• Ubushobozi bwo guhindura telefoni igendanwa ikaba icyuma gikoresha izindi mashini

Kubera izi mpamvu zose, IoT ntabwo ikiri ijambo ry’ikoranabuhanga gusa. Ni ijambo buri mucuruzi wese agomba kumenya.

Ni izihe porogaramu zikoreshwa cyane muri IoT mu kazi?

Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko ibikoresho bya IoT bishobora kunoza imikorere y'ubucuruzi. Nk'uko Gartner abivuga, umusaruro w'abakozi, kugenzura kure, no kunoza inzira ni byo byiza by'ingenzi ibigo bishobora kunguka muri IoT.

Ariko se IoT isa ite mu kigo? Buri kigo kiratandukanye, ariko dore ingero nke z'imikoranire ya IoT mu kazi:

• Udukingirizo tw’ikoranabuhanga twemerera abayobozi gufungura imiryango bakoresheje telefoni zabo zigezweho, bityo abatanga serivisi bakabasha kubona serivisi ku wa Gatandatu.
• Utwuma dukoresha thermostat n'amatara bigenzurwa neza bishobora gucanwa no kuzimwa kugira ngo bigabanye ikiguzi cy'ingufu.
• Abafasha mu majwi, nka Siri cyangwa Alexa, borohereza kwandika inyandiko, gushyiraho inyibutsa, kubona kalendari, cyangwa kohereza amabaruwa.
• Utwuma dukoresha imashini ikoresha imashini (sensors) duhujwe n'imashini ikoresha imashini ishobora kubona ibura ry'inyi kandi igatanga amabwiriza ku inyi nyinshi mu buryo bwikora.
• Kamera za CCTV zigufasha gushyira ibintu kuri interineti.

Ni iki ukwiye kumenya ku bijyanye n'umutekano wa IoT?

Ibikoresho bihujwe bishobora kuba inkunga ikomeye ku bucuruzi bwawe, ariko igikoresho icyo ari cyo cyose gihujwe na interineti gishobora kwibasirwa n'ibitero byo kuri interineti.

Nk’uko 451 Research ibivuga, 55% by’abahanga mu by’ikoranabuhanga bashyira imbere umutekano wa IoT. Kuva kuri seriveri z’ibigo kugeza ku bubiko bw’ibicu, abagizi ba nabi bo kuri interineti bashobora kubona uburyo bwo gukoresha amakuru ahantu henshi muri uru rwego rwa IoT. Ibyo ntibivuze ko ugomba kujugunya tablet yawe yo ku kazi ugakoresha ikaramu n’impapuro. Bivuze gusa ko ugomba gufata umutekano wa IoT nk’ingenzi. Dore inama zimwe na zimwe z’umutekano wa IoT:

• Gukurikirana ibikoresho bigendanwa

Menya neza ko ibikoresho bigendanwa nka tableti byanditswe kandi bigafungwa mu mpera za buri munsi w'akazi. Iyo tableti yabuze, amakuru n'amakuru bishobora kugerwaho no kwibwa. Menya neza ko ukoresha amagambo y'ibanga akomeye yo kwinjira cyangwa ibintu bya biometric kugira ngo hatagira umuntu ushobora kwinjira mu gikoresho cyatakaye cyangwa cyibwe atabifitiye uburenganzira. Koresha ibikoresho by'umutekano bigabanya porogaramu zikora kuri icyo gikoresho, utandukanye amakuru y'ubucuruzi n'ay'umuntu ku giti cye, kandi usibe amakuru y'ubucuruzi niba icyo gikoresho cyibwe.

• Shyira mu bikorwa ivugurura ryikora ry’ingufu zo kurwanya virusi

Ugomba gushyiramo porogaramu ku bikoresho byose kugira ngo ukingire virusi zemerera abajura kwinjira muri sisitemu zawe n'amakuru yawe. Shyiraho porogaramu zivugurura porogaramu za antivirus mu buryo bwikora kugira ngo ukingire ibikoresho ibitero bya interineti.

• Impamyabushobozi ikomeye yo kwinjira irakenewe

Abantu benshi bakoresha uburyo bumwe bwo kwinjira n'ijambo ry'ibanga kuri buri gikoresho bakoresha. Nubwo abantu bashobora kwibuka izi mpapuro z'ibanga, abagizi ba nabi bo kuri interineti nabo bashobora gutera ibitero byo gushakisha amakuru. Menya neza ko izina ryose ryo kwinjira ari iry'umukozi kandi risaba ijambo ry'ibanga rikomeye. Buri gihe hindura ijambo ry'ibanga risanzwe ku gikoresho gishya. Ntukigere wongera gukoresha ijambo ry'ibanga rimwe hagati y'ibikoresho.

• Shyiraho uburyo bwo gukingira kuva ku mpera kugeza ku mpera

Ibikoresho bifite umurongo ngenderwaho biraganira, kandi iyo bigenze bityo, amakuru ahita yoherezwa ava ku ngingo imwe ajya ku yindi. Ugomba gushingura amakuru kuri buri ihuriro ry’amakuru. Mu yandi magambo, ukeneye gushingura amakuru kuva ku mpera kugeza ku mpera kugira ngo urinde amakuru uko ava ku ngingo imwe ajya ku yindi.

• Menya neza ko ibikoresho na porogaramu bishya biboneka kandi bigashyirwa ku gihe

Mu gihe uguze ibikoresho, jya uhora ugenzura ko abacuruzi batanga amakuru mashya kandi bayashyire mu bikorwa ako kanya akimara kuboneka. Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, shyira mu bikorwa amakuru mashya yikora uko bishoboka kose.

• Kurikirana imikorere y'ibikoresho biboneka kandi uhagarike imikorere idakoreshwa

Reba imikorere ihari kuri terefone hanyuma uzimye iyo ari yo yose idagenewe gukoreshwa mu kugabanya ibitero bishobora kubaho.

• Hitamo umutanga serivisi z'umutekano w'inzobere mu by'umutekano w'imiyoboro

Urashaka ko IoT ifasha ubucuruzi bwawe, aho kubugiraho ingaruka. Kugira ngo ikibazo gikemuke, ubucuruzi bwinshi bwishingikiriza ku batanga serivisi zizwi zo kurinda umutekano w’ikoranabuhanga no kurwanya virusi kugira ngo babone ibisubizo byihariye byo gukumira ibitero by’ikoranabuhanga.

IoT si ikoranabuhanga rigezweho. Amasosiyete menshi ashobora kubona ubushobozi akoresheje ibikoresho bihujwe, ariko ntushobora kwirengagiza ibibazo by'umutekano. Menya neza ko ikigo cyawe, amakuru, n'imikorere birinzwe mu gihe wubaka urusobe rw'ikoranabuhanga rya IoT.