Umwanditsi: Ulink Media
Mu gice cya kabiri cya 2021, ikigo cy’Abongereza gishinzwe iby’ikirere SpaceLacuna cyakoresheje bwa mbere telesikope ya radiyo i Dwingeloo, mu Buholandi, kugira ngo igarure LoRa iturutse ku kwezi. Iki cyari igerageza rikomeye cyane mu bijyanye n’ubwiza bw’amakuru yafashwe, kuko bumwe mu butumwa bwari bufite ishusho yuzuye ya LoRaWAN®.
Lacuna Speed ikoresha satelite zo mu kirere cyo hasi kugira ngo yakire amakuru aturutse ku byuma bipima ikirere bya Semtech bya LoRa hamwe n'ikoranabuhanga rya radiyo rikoresha amajwi yo ku butaka. Satelite izenguruka hejuru y'inkingi z'isi buri minota 100 ku butumburuke bwa kilometero 500. Uko isi izenguruka, satelite zitwikira isi. LoRaWAN ikoreshwa na satelite, ibi bikaba bizigama ubuzima bwa bateri, kandi ubutumwa bubikwa igihe gito kugeza bunyuze mu miyoboro y'amasitasiyo yo ku butaka. Amakuru hanyuma yoherezwa kuri porogaramu iri ku muyoboro w'isi cyangwa ashobora kurebwa kuri porogaramu ikoresha interineti.
Kuri iyi nshuro, ikimenyetso cya LoRa cyoherejwe na lacuna Speed cyamaze amasegonda 2.44 kandi cyakiriwe na chip imwe, intera yo gukwirakwiza ya kilometero zigera ku 730.360, ishobora kuba ari yo ntera ndende LoRa yagejeje ubutumwa kugeza ubu.
Ku bijyanye n'itumanaho rya satelite n'ubutaka rishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga rya LoRa, hari intambwe ikomeye yagezweho mu nama ya TTN (TheThings Network) yabaye muri Gashyantare 2018, igaragaza ko LoRa ishobora gukoreshwa muri interineti y'ibintu. Mu gihe cy'imyigaragambyo, icyuma cyakira amakuru cyakuye ibimenyetso bya LoRa kuri satelite iri ku muyoboro muto.
Muri iki gihe, gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya IoT rikoresha ingufu nke nka LoRa cyangwa NB-IoT kugira ngo habeho itumanaho ritaziguye hagati y’ibikoresho bya IoT n’ibyogajuru biri mu kirere hirya no hino ku isi bishobora gufatwa nk'igice cy'isoko rya WAN rifite ingufu nke. Iri koranabuhanga ni porogaramu ishimishije kugeza igihe agaciro karyo k’ubucuruzi kazemerwa cyane.
Semtech yatangije LR-FHSS kugira ngo yuzuze icyuho cy'isoko mu guhuza IoT
Semtech amaze imyaka mike akora kuri LR-FHSS kandi yatangaje ku mugaragaro ko yongereye inkunga ya LR-FHSS kuri platform ya LoRa mu mpera za 2021.
LR-FHSS yitwa LongRange – Frequency Hopping SpreadSpectrum. Kimwe na LoRa, ni ikoranabuhanga rikoresha imiterere y’inyuguti zisanzwe rifite imikorere nk’iya LoRa, nko kuba umuntu ashobora kumenya neza, gukoresha bandwidth, nibindi.
LR-FHSS ifite ubushobozi bwo gushyigikira ama-node abarirwa muri za miriyoni, ibyo byongera cyane ubushobozi bwa network kandi bigakemura ikibazo cy’ubwinshi bw’imiyoboro y’itumanaho cyari cyarabujije LoRaWAN gukura. Byongeye kandi, LR-FHSS ifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingaruka mbi, igabanya impanuka za packet binyuze mu kunoza imikorere ya spectral, kandi ifite ubushobozi bwo guhindura frequency hopping.
Hamwe no guhuza LR-FHSS, LoRa irakwiriye cyane kuri porogaramu zifite terminal nini n'amakuru manini. Kubwibyo, porogaramu ya satelite ya LoRa ifite imikorere ya LR-FHSS ihujwe ifite ibyiza byinshi:
1. Ishobora kugera ku bushobozi bwa terminal bukubye inshuro icumi ugereranyije n'ubushobozi bwa LoRa.
2. Intera yo kohereza ni ndende, kugeza kuri kilometero 600-1600;
3. Kurwanya cyane kwivanga;
4. Ibiciro biri hasi byagezweho, harimo n'ibiciro byo gucunga no gushyira mu bikorwa (nta bikoresho by'inyongera bikeneye gukorwa kandi ubushobozi bwabyo bwo gutumanaho bwa satelite burahari).
Imashini za Semtech zikoresha LoRaSX1261, SX1262 transceivers na LoRaEdgeTM, ndetse n'igishushanyo mbonera cya V2.1 gateway, byamaze gushyigikirwa na lr-fhss. Kubwibyo, mu bikorwa bifatika, kuvugurura porogaramu no gusimbuza terminal ya LoRa na gateway bishobora kubanza kunoza ubushobozi bwa network no kurwanya interference. Ku miyoboro ya LoRaWAN aho gateway ya V2.1 yashyizwe, abayikoresha bashobora gukoresha imikorere mishya binyuze mu kuvugurura firmware ya gateway byoroshye.
LR Ihuriweho - FHSS
LoRa ikomeje kwagura porogaramu zayo
BergInsight, ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi ku isoko rya Internet of Things, cyasohoye raporo y’ubushakashatsi ku bijyanye n’iy’ibyogajuru. Amakuru yagaragaje ko nubwo COVID-19 yagaragaye, umubare w’abakoresha iy’ibyogajuru ku isi wariyongereye ukagera kuri miliyoni 3.4 mu 2020. Biteganijwe ko abakoresha iy’ibyogajuru ku isi baziyongera ku kigero cya 35.8% mu myaka mike iri imbere, bakagera kuri miliyoni 15.7 mu 2025.
Kugeza ubu, 10% by'uturere two ku isi ni two dufite serivisi z'itumanaho rya satelite, ibyo bikaba bitanga isoko rinini ryo guteza imbere satelite iot ndetse n'amahirwe yo gukoresha satelite iot ifite ingufu nke.
LR-FHSS izanatuma LoRa ikwirakwizwa ku isi hose. Kongeramo INKUNGA kuri LR-FHSS kuri platform ya LoRa ntibizayifasha gusa gutanga itumanaho rihendutse kandi rikwirakwira hose mu turere twa kure, ahubwo bizanagaragaza intambwe ikomeye mu gutera ikoreshwa rya iot mu turere dutuwe cyane. Bizarushaho guteza imbere ikwirakwizwa rya LoRa ku isi hose no kwagura porogaramu nshya:
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Gushyigikira Serivisi za Iot za Satellite
LR-FHSS ituma ibyogajuru bishobora guhuzwa n'uturere twa kure cyane ku isi, bigafasha mu gushyiraho no kohereza amakuru mu turere tudafite imiyoboro. Ingero zikoreshwa na LoRa zirimo gukurikirana inyamaswa zo mu gasozi, kubona amakontineri mu bwato mu nyanja, kubona amatungo mu rwuri, ibisubizo by'ubuhinzi mu buryo bw'ubwenge kugira ngo umusaruro w'ibihingwa urusheho kwiyongera, no gukurikirana imitungo ikwirakwizwa ku isi yose kugira ngo hongerwe imikorere myiza y'uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa.
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Inkunga yo guhanahana amakuru kenshi
Mu bikorwa bya LoRa byabanje, nko gukurikirana imitungo, inyubako na pariki by’ubwenge, amazu y’ubwenge, n’abaturage b’ubwenge, umubare wa semaphore za LoRa mu kirere uziyongera cyane bitewe n’ibimenyetso birebire n’ihererekanya ry’ibimenyetso kenshi muri izi porogaramu. Ikibazo cy’ubwinshi bw’imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi cyatewe n’iterambere rya LoRaWAN gishobora kandi gukemurwa no kuvugurura ibyuma bya LoRa no gusimbuza amarembo.
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Ongera ubwinshi bw'imbere mu nzu
Uretse kwagura ubushobozi bwa network, LR-FHSS yemerera nodes zo mu nzu zimbitse mu bikorwa remezo bimwe bya network, bikongera ubushobozi bwo kwagura imishinga minini ya iot. Urugero, LoRa ni ikoranabuhanga rikundwa cyane ku isoko mpuzamahanga rya smart meter, kandi ubwiyongere bw'ubwikorezi bw'imbere mu nzu buzakomeza gushimangira aho iherereye.
Abakinnyi benshi muri interineti y'ibintu ya satelite ifite imbaraga nke
Imishinga ya LoRa Satellite yo mu mahanga ikomeje kugaragara
McKinsey yahanuye ko ioti ishingiye ku isanzure ishobora kuba ifite agaciro ka miliyari 560 z'amadolari kugeza kuri miliyari 850 z'amadolari mu 2025, iyi ikaba ari yo mpamvu nyamukuru ituma amasosiyete menshi arimo gukurikirana isoko. Kuri ubu, abakora hafi ya mirongo batanze gahunda yo gukoresha ioti zikoresha satellite.
Ukurikije isoko ryo mu mahanga, iot ya satelite ni ingenzi mu guhanga udushya ku isoko rya iot. LoRa, nk'igice cya interineti y'ibintu ya satelite ifite ingufu nke, yagaragayemo ibintu byinshi bikoreshwa ku masoko yo mu mahanga:
Mu 2019, Space Lacuna na Miromico batangije igerageza ry’ubucuruzi ry’umushinga wa LoRa Satellite iot, wakoreshejwe neza mu buhinzi, mu igenzura ry’ibidukikije cyangwa mu gukurikirana imitungo mu mwaka wakurikiyeho. Binyuze mu gukoresha LoRaWAN, ibikoresho bya iot bikoresha batiri bishobora kongera igihe cyabyo cyo gukora no kuzigama amafaranga yo kubikoresha no kubibungabunga.
IRNAS yafatanyije na Space Lacuna mu gushakisha uburyo bushya bwo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya LoRaWAN, harimo gukurikirana inyamaswa zo mu gasozi muri Antarctica n'amato akoresha umuyoboro wa LoRaWAN kugira ngo ashyireho imiyoboro myinshi y'ibikoresho byo mu mazi mu rwego rwo gushyigikira ibikorwa byo gupakira no gukurura inyanja.
Swarm (yaguzwe na Space X) yashyize ibikoresho bya Semtech bya LoRa mu buryo bwo guhuza kugira ngo yorohereze itumanaho ry’impande zombi hagati y’ibyogajuru biri mu nzira yo hasi y’Isi. Yafunguye uburyo bushya bwo gukoresha interineti y’ibintu (IoT) muri Swarm mu nzego nko mu bijyanye n’ibikoresho, ubuhinzi, imodoka zihujwe n’ingufu.
Inmarsat yafatanyije na Actibility gushinga umuyoboro wa Inmarsat LoRaWAN, urubuga rushingiye ku muyoboro wa Inmarsat ELERA ruzatanga ibisubizo byinshi ku bakiriya ba iot mu nzego zirimo ubuhinzi, ingufu, peteroli na gaze, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro n'ibijyanye n'itumanaho.
Amaherezo
Ku isoko ryo mu mahanga, ntabwo ari porogaramu nyinshi zigezweho z’uyu mushinga gusa. Omnispace, EchoStarMobile, Lunark n’izindi nyinshi zigerageza gukoresha umuyoboro wa LoRaWAN kugira ngo zitange serivisi za iot ku giciro gito, zifite ubushobozi bwinshi kandi zikwirakwizwa mu buryo bwagutse.
Nubwo ikoranabuhanga rya LoRa rishobora no gukoreshwa mu kuziba icyuho mu byaro no mu nyanja zitarimo interineti gakondo, ni uburyo bwiza bwo gukemura ikibazo cya "Internet ya buri kintu cyose."
Ariko, ukurikije uko isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu rihagaze, iterambere rya LoRa muri uru rwego riracyari mu ntangiriro. Ugereranyije n’iry’amahanga, rihura n’ingorane nyinshi: ku ruhande rw’abasaba, uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza umuyoboro wa inmarsat bumaze kuba bwiza cyane kandi amakuru ashobora koherezwa mu mpande zombi, bityo ntabwo bukomeye; Mu bijyanye n’ikoreshwa, Ubushinwa buracyari buke, ahanini bwibanda ku mishinga y’amakonteyineri. Ukurikije impamvu zavuzwe haruguru, biragoye ku bigo by’ikoranabuhanga byo mu gihugu guteza imbere ikoreshwa rya LR-FHSS. Mu bijyanye n’imari shingiro, imishinga y’ubu bwoko ishingiye ahanini ku mafaranga yinjira mu nguzanyo bitewe n’ibintu bito bidasanzwe, imishinga minini cyangwa mito ndetse n’ingendo ndende.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: 18 Mata 2022