Icyambere: Ulink Media
Umwanditsi: 旸谷
Vuba aha, isosiyete y’Abaholandi ikora ibikoresho bya semiconductor NXP, ku bufatanye na sosiyete y’Abadage ya Lateration XYZ, yabonye ubushobozi bwo kugera ku rwego rwa milimetero igenamiterere ry’ibikoresho n’ibikoresho bya UWB hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya ultra-wideband. Iki gisubizo gishya kizana amahirwe mashya ku bintu bitandukanye bisaba gushyira no gukurikirana neza, bikaba ari intambwe ikomeye mu mateka y’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rya UWB.
Mu by’ukuri, uburyo bwo gukoresha neza urwego rwa santimetero UWB, mu rwego rwo gushyira ibintu mu mwanya wabyo, bwakozwe vuba, kandi ikiguzi cyo hejuru cy’ibikoresho nacyo gituma abakoresha n’abatanga ibisubizo bahangayika ku buryo bwo gukemura ibibazo by’ikiguzi n’ibizamini byo kuyikoresha. Muri iki gihe, "kuzenguruka" kugera ku rwego rwa milimetero, ni ngombwa? Kandi UWB yo ku rwego rwa milimetero izazana ayahe mahirwe ku isoko?
Kuki UWB yo mu rugero rwa milimetero bigoye kugeraho?
Nk'uburyo bwo gushyira ibintu mu buryo bwimbitse, bunoze cyane, bufite umutekano mwinshi, kandi bushobora kugera ku rugero rwiza, UWB ishobora kugera ku buryo bunoze bwa milimetero cyangwa mikorometero, ariko mu buryo nyabwo, yamaze igihe kinini iri ku rwego rwa santimetero, ahanini bitewe n'ibintu bikurikira bigira ingaruka ku buryo bunoze bwa UWB:
1. Ingaruka z'uburyo bwo gushyiraho sensor ku bijyanye no gushyira ahantu neza
Mu buryo nyabwo bwo gukemura ikibazo cy’uko ibintu bihagaze neza, kwiyongera kw’umubare w’ibikoresho bivuze ko amakuru adafite ishingiro yiyongera, kandi amakuru menshi adafite ishingiro ashobora kugabanya ikosa ryo gushyira ibintu mu mwanya. Ariko, ukuri kw’aho ibintu bihagaze ntikwiyongera iyo ukoresheje ibikoresho byiza, kandi iyo umubare w’ibikoresho byongewe ku mubare runaka, uruhare mu kuri kw’aho ibintu bihagaze ntabwo ari runini iyo ukoresheje ibikoresho byongewe. Kandi kwiyongera k’umubare w’ibikoresho bivuze ko ikiguzi cy’ibikoresho cyiyongera. Kubwibyo, uburyo bwo kubona uburinganire hagati y’umubare w’ibikoresho n’ukuri kw’aho ibintu bihagaze, bityo no gushyiraho ibikoresho bya UWB mu buryo bukwiye ni cyo cyibandwaho mu bushakashatsi ku ngaruka zo gushyiraho ibikoresho byo kuzuza ku kuri kw’aho ibintu bihagaze.
2. Ingaruka z'ingaruka z'inzira nyinshi
Ibimenyetso bya UWB byo gushyira ahagaragara umurongo munini bigaragazwa kandi bigasubirwamo n'ibidukikije bikikije nk'inkuta, ikirahure, n'ibintu byo mu nzu nka za desktops mu gihe cyo gukwirakwiza, bigatera ingaruka za multipath. Iki kimenyetso gihinduka mu gutinda, amplitude, n'icyiciro, bigatuma ingufu zigabanuka ndetse n'igabanuka ry'ikigereranyo cy'urusaku, bigatuma ikimenyetso cya mbere cyageze kitaziguye, bigatera amakosa yo kuvanga no kugabanuka k'ubunyangamugayo bwo gushyira ahagaragara. Kubwibyo, gukumira neza ingaruka za multipath bishobora kunoza uburyo bwo gushyira ahagaragara, kandi uburyo buriho bwo gukumira multipath bukubiyemo cyane cyane MUSIC, ESPRIT, n'uburyo bwo kumenya impande.
3. Ingaruka za NLOS
Gukwirakwiza umurongo w’amajwi (LOS) ni cyo kintu cya mbere kandi gikenewe kugira ngo hamenyekane neza niba ibisubizo byo gupima ikimenyetso ari ukuri, iyo imiterere iri hagati y’aho umurongo uherereye n’aho uherereye bitashoboka, gukwirakwiza ikimenyetso bishobora gukorwa gusa mu bihe bitajyanye n’umurongo w’amajwi nko guhindukira no guhindagurika. Muri iki gihe, igihe umuvuduko wa mbere ugeze ntabwo ugaragaza agaciro nyakuri ka TOA, kandi icyerekezo cy’umuvuduko wa mbere ugeze si agaciro nyakuri ka AOA, bizatera ikosa runaka ryo gushyiramo. Muri iki gihe, uburyo bw’ingenzi bwo gukuraho ikosa ritajyanye n’umurongo w’amajwi ni uburyo bwa Wylie n’uburyo bwo gukuramo isano.
4. Ingaruka z'umubiri w'umuntu ku buryo buboneye bwo gushyira ibintu mu mwanya wabyo
Igice cy'ingenzi cy'umubiri w'umuntu ni amazi, amazi ari ku kimenyetso cya UWB kidakoresha umuvuduko afite ingaruka zikomeye zo kwinjiza, bigatuma imbaraga z'ikimenyetso zigabanuka, amakuru ahindagurika, kandi akagira ingaruka ku ngaruka za nyuma zo gushyira amakuru mu mwanya wayo.
5. Ingaruka zo kugabanuka kw'injira ry'ibimenyetso
Uburyo ubwo aribwo bwose bwo kwinjira kw'ikimenyetso mu nkuta no mu bindi bice bizagabanuka, UWB nayo ni uko. Iyo aho UWB ihagaze hinjira mu rukuta rusanzwe rw'amatafari, ikimenyetso kizagabanukaho kimwe cya kabiri. Impinduka mu gihe cyo kohereza ikimenyetso bitewe no kwinjira mu rukuta zizagira ingaruka ku buryo gihagaze neza.
Bitewe n'umubiri w'umuntu, kwinjira kw'ibimenyetso byatewe n'ubunyangamugayo biragoye kubyirinda, NXP na sosiyete y'Abadage ya LaterationXYZ bazakoresha uburyo bushya bwo gushyiraho sensor kugira ngo bongere ikoranabuhanga rya UWB, nta buryo bwihariye bwo kwerekana ibisubizo bishya bwabayeho, nshobora gusa kubisohora ku rubuga rwemewe rwa NXP mu nyandiko za tekiniki zashize kugira ngo nkore ibitekerezo bifatika.
Ku bijyanye n'impamvu yo kunoza ukuri kwa UWB, ndizera ko iyi ari yo NXP, ikigo cya mbere ku isi cya UWB mu guhangana n'inganda zikora udushya twinshi mu gihugu, mu gihe cyo kuzamuka no mu kurinda tekiniki. N'ubundi kandi, ikoranabuhanga rya UWB ririho ubu riracyari mu ntambwe yo gutera imbere, kandi ikiguzi, ikoreshwa, n'ingano bihuye nabyo ntibiragabanuka, muri iki gihe, inganda zo mu gihugu zihangayikishijwe cyane n'ibicuruzwa bya UWB vuba bishoboka kugira ngo bigere ku butaka no gukwirakwira, bigarurire isoko, nta mwanya zifite wo kwita ku kuri kwa UWB kugira ngo binoze udushya. NXP, nk'umwe mu bakinnyi bakomeye mu bijyanye na UWB, ifite imiterere yuzuye y'ibicuruzwa ndetse n'imyaka myinshi yo gukoresha imbaraga nyinshi mu bya tekiniki, kandi irushaho koroherwa no gushyira mu bikorwa udushya twa UWB.
Icya kabiri, NXP kuri iyi nshuro igana kuri UWB yo ku rwego rwa milimetero, ibona kandi ubushobozi butagira iherezo bw'iterambere ry'ejo hazaza rya UWB kandi yizeye ko kunoza ubuziranenge bizazana porogaramu nshya ku isoko.
Mu bitekerezo byanjye, inyungu ya UWB izakomeza gutera imbere uko ibikorwa remezo bishya bya 5G bitera imbere, kandi irusheho kwagura imikorere yayo mu rwego rwo kuvugurura inganda mu rwego rwo guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rya 5G.
Mbere, muri network ya 2G/3G/4G, uburyo bwo gushyira amakuru kuri telefoni zigendanwa bwari bushingiye cyane cyane ku guhamagara mu buryo bwihutirwa, uburenganzira bwo kugera aho umuntu aherereye, n'izindi porogaramu, ibisabwa mu gushyira amakuru kuri telefoni ntabwo biri hejuru, hashingiwe ku buryo bwo gushyira amakuru kuri telefoni zigendanwa kuva kuri metero icumi kugeza kuri metero amagana. Nubwo 5G ikoresha uburyo bushya bwo kwandika, guhuza imirasire, antene nini, imiterere y'umuraba wa millimetero, n'izindi koranabuhanga, ikoranabuhanga ryayo rinini rya bandwidth na antene, ritanga ishingiro ryo gupima intera igezweho no gupima inguni igezweho. Kubwibyo, ikindi cyiciro cya UWB mu bijyanye no gushyira amakuru kuri telefoni gishyigikiwe n'amateka y'igihe gihuye, ishingiro ry'ikoranabuhanga, n'ubushobozi buhagije bwo gukoresha, kandi ubu buryo bwo gushyira amakuru kuri telefoni bushobora gufatwa nk'uburyo bwo gutegura amakuru mbere yo kuvugurura ubwenge bw'ikoranabuhanga.
Ni ayahe masoko Millimeter UW izafungura?
Muri iki gihe, ikwirakwizwa rya UWB ku isoko rirangwa ahanini no gukwirakwira kwa B-end hamwe n'ubwiyongere bwa C-end. Mu ikoreshwa, B-end ifite uburyo bwinshi bwo kuyikoresha, kandi C-end ifite umwanya wo gutekereza cyane wo gucukura imikorere. Mu bitekerezo byanjye, iri hinduka ryibanda ku mikorere yo gushyiramo imiterere rihuriza hamwe ibyiza bya UWB mu gushyiraho imiterere nyayo, bitazana gusa iterambere ry'imikorere ku ikoreshwa risanzweho ahubwo binatanga amahirwe kuri UWB yo gufungura urubuga rushya rwo gushyiramo imiterere.
Ku isoko rya B-end, ku bijyanye na pariki, inganda, ibigo, n'ibindi bintu, ibidukikije bya wireless by'agace kayo byihariye birazwi neza, kandi uburyo bwo gushyiramo amakuru neza bushobora kwemezwa buri gihe, mu gihe ahantu nk'aho hakomeza kuba hari icyifuzo gihamye cyo kubona amakuru nyayo, cyangwa hazaba urwego rwa milimetero. UWB izahita igamije inyungu z'isoko.
Mu rwego rw'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, hamwe n'iterambere ry'ubwubatsi bw'ibirombe by'ubwenge, uburyo bwo guhuza "5G+UWB positioning" bushobora gutuma sisitemu y'ubucukuzi bw'ubwenge irangiza position mu gihe gito cyane, ikagera ku buryo butunganye bwo gushyira position neza no gukoresha ingufu nke, kandi ikamenya imiterere y'ubuhanga bwo hejuru, ubushobozi bunini n'igihe kirekire cyo guhagarara, nibindi. Muri icyo gihe, hashingiwe ku micungire y'umutekano w'ibirombe, ishobora gukoreshwa mu kurinda umutekano w'ibirombe n'imicungire y'umutekano w'ibirombe. Muri icyo gihe, hashingiwe ku busabe bukomeye bwo gucunga umutekano w'ibirombe, UWB izakoreshwa kandi mu micungire ya buri munsi y'abakozi, no mu nzira y'imodoka. Kuri ubu, igihugu gifite ingano runaka y'ibirombe by'amakara bigera kuri 4000, kandi impuzandengo y'ubusabe bwa buri sitasiyo y'ibirombe by'amakara ni hafi 100, aho hashobora kugereranywa ko ubusabe bwose bwa sitasiyo y'ibirombe by'amakara ari hafi 400.000, umubare w'abacukuzi b'amakara muri rusange ni hafi miliyoni 4, nk'uko bigaragazwa n'umuntu 1 n'ikirango 1, ubusabe bwa UWB bugaragaza hafi miliyoni 4. Dukurikije uko umukoresha ubu agura igiciro kimwe ku isoko, isoko ry'amakara ku isoko rya "base station + tag" rya UWB rifite agaciro ka miliyari 4 z'umusaruro.
Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro n'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro bisa n'ibishobora guteza akaga gakomeye hamwe no gucukura peteroli, inganda z'amashanyarazi, inganda zikora imiti, n'ibindi, imicungire y'umutekano ikenewe kugira ngo habeho ubushishozi bwo gushyiramo ibintu neza biri hejuru, ubushishozi bwo gushyiramo ibintu neza kugeza kuri milimetero bizafasha guhuza ibyiza byabyo muri utwo duce.
Mu nganda zikora, mu bubiko, no mu bijyanye n'ibijyanye n'ibikoresho, UWB yabaye igikoresho cyo kugabanya ikiguzi no kunoza imikorere. Abakozi bakoresha ibikoresho bifatwa mu ntoki bakoresheje ikoranabuhanga rya UWB bashobora kubona neza no gushyira ibice bitandukanye; kubaka sisitemu y'imicungire ihuza ikoranabuhanga rya UWB mu gucunga ububiko bashobora gukurikirana neza ubwoko bwose bw'ibikoresho n'abakozi mu bubiko mu gihe nyacyo, no kugenzura ububiko, gucunga abakozi, kandi icyarimwe no kugera ku ihindagurika ry'ibikoresho bidafite abapilote mu buryo bwiza kandi budafite amakosa binyuze mu bikoresho bya AGV, bishobora kongera cyane umusaruro.
Byongeye kandi, gusimbuka kwa milimetero UWB bishobora no gufungura porogaramu nshya mu bijyanye no gutwara gari ya moshi. Muri iki gihe, sisitemu yo kugenzura ya gari ya moshi ishingiye ahanini ku gushyiraho satelite kugira ngo irangize, ku bidukikije byo munsi y'ubutaka ndetse no ku nyubako ndende zo mu mijyi, imikokwe, n'ahandi hantu, gushyiraho satelite bishobora kwangirika. Ikoranabuhanga rya UWB mu gushyiraho no kuyobora gari ya moshi CBTC, gushyira mu murongo inzira yo kwirinda impanuka no kuburira hakiri kare, guhagarara neza kwa gari ya moshi, nibindi, bishobora gutanga ubufasha bwizewe bwa tekiniki mu mutekano no kugenzura ubwikorezi bwa gari ya moshi. Kuri ubu, ubu bwoko bw'ikoreshwa mu Burayi na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika bufite ingero zitandukanye z'ikoreshwa.
Ku isoko rya C-terminal, kunoza urwego rwa UWB kugeza kuri milimetero bizafungura uburyo bushya bwo gukoresha ibintu bitari imfunguzo za digitale ku gice cy'imodoka. Urugero, guparika imodoka mu buryo bwikora, kwishyura mu buryo bwikora, n'ibindi. Muri icyo gihe, hashingiwe ku ikoranabuhanga ry'ubwenge bw'ubukorano, bishobora no "kwiga" imiterere n'imyitwarire y'umukoresha, no kunoza imikorere y'ikoranabuhanga ryo gutwara imodoka mu buryo bwikora.
Mu rwego rw'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bikoreshwa n'abaguzi, UWB ishobora kuba ikoranabuhanga risanzwe rya terefone zigendanwa mu gihe cy'imikoranire y'imodoka n'imashini hagati y'imfunguzo z'imodoka zikoresha ikoranabuhanga. Uretse gufungura ahantu hagari ho gushyira no gushakisha ibicuruzwa, kunoza ubushishozi bwa UWB bishobora no gufungura ahantu hashya ho gukoresha ibikoresho. Urugero, urwego nyarwo rwa UWB rushobora kugenzura neza intera iri hagati y'ibikoresho, kugira ngo hakosorwe imiterere y'ahantu nyaburanga, kugira ngo umukino, amajwi na videwo bizane ubunararibonye bwiza bw'amajwi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-04-2023