Interineti yibintu, Kuri C bizarangirira kuri B?

[Kuri B cyangwa Oya Kuri B, iki nikibazo. - Shakespeare]

Mu 1991, Porofeseri wa MIT, Kevin Ashton, yatanze igitekerezo cya mbere kuri interineti y'ibintu.

Mu 1994, inzu y’ubwenge ya Bill Gates yararangiye, itangiza ibikoresho byamatara byubwenge hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura ubushyuhe bwa mbere. Ibikoresho byubwenge na sisitemu bitangira kwinjira mubantu basanzwe.

Mu 1999, MIT yashizeho "Automatic Identification Centre", isaba ko "byose bishobora guhuzwa binyuze mumurongo", kandi bigasobanura ubusobanuro bwibanze bwa interineti yibintu.

Muri Kanama 2009, Minisitiri w’intebe Wen Jiabao yashyize ahagaragara “Sensing China”, iot yashyizwe ku mugaragaro nkimwe mu nganda eshanu z’inganda zigenda zivuka mu gihugu, zanditswe muri “raporo y’imirimo ya Leta”, iot yitabiriwe cyane n’umuryango wose mu Bushinwa.

Ibikurikira, isoko ntikigarukira gusa ku makarita yubwenge na metero zamazi, ahubwo mumirima itandukanye, ibicuruzwa bya iot kuva inyuma kugeza imbere, imbere yabantu.

Mugihe cyimyaka 30 yiterambere rya interineti yibintu, isoko ryagize impinduka nudushya. Umwanditsi yahujije amateka yiterambere rya To C na To B, agerageza kureba ibyahise uhereye kubitekerezo byubu, kugirango atekereze kazoza ka enterineti yibintu, bizajya he?

Kuri C: Ibicuruzwa bishya bikurura rubanda

Mumyaka yambere, ibikoresho byurugo byubwenge, biyobowe na politiki, ibihumyo nkibihumyo. Ibicuruzwa byabaguzi bikimara gusohoka, nkabavuga ubwenge, ibikomo byubwenge hamwe na robo zohanagura, biramenyekana.

· Umuvugizi wubwenge ahindura igitekerezo cyumuvugizi wurugo gakondo, ushobora guhuzwa numuyoboro udafite umugozi, ugahuza imirimo nko kugenzura ibikoresho byo kugenzura ibikoresho no kugenzura ibyumba byinshi, kandi ukazana abakoresha uburambe bushya bwimyidagaduro. Abavuga buke babonwa nkikiraro cyo kuvugana nabo ibicuruzwa byubwenge, kandi biteganijwe ko bizahabwa agaciro cyane namasosiyete menshi yikoranabuhanga nka Baidu, Tmall na Amazon.

· Ikirangantego cyubwenge cya Xiaomi inyuma yuwashizeho, R&D n’umusaruro w’itsinda ry’ikoranabuhanga rya Huami ugereranya ibyiringiro, ibisekuruza bya Xiaomi byibuze bigurisha miliyoni imwe, ibisubizo bitarenze umwaka ku isoko, isi yagurishije miliyoni zirenga 10; Itsinda rya kabiri ryabohereje miriyoni 32, rishyiraho amateka yibikoresho byubwenge byabashinwa.

· Igorofa yimashini igorofa: ihaze ibitekerezo byabantu bihagije, icara kuri sofa kugirango ubashe kurangiza imirimo yo murugo. Kuri ibi kandi hashyizweho izina rishya "ubukungu bwumunebwe", rishobora kubika umwanya wumukoro kubakoresha, mugihe risohotse ritoneshwa nabakunda ibicuruzwa byinshi byubwenge.

Impamvu ituma Kuri C ibicuruzwa byoroshye guturika mumyaka yambere nuko ibicuruzwa byubwenge ubwabyo bigira ingaruka zishyushye. Abakoresha bafite imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo ibikoresho bishaje, iyo babonye robot yuzuye, amasaha ya bracelet yubwenge, abavuga ubwenge nibindi bicuruzwa, bazaba bafite amatsiko yo kugura ibyo bicuruzwa bigezweho, icyarimwe hamwe no kuvuka kwimbuga zitandukanye (WeChat ruzenguruka rwinshuti , weibo, QQ umwanya, zhihu, nibindi) bizaba ibiranga amplifier, ibicuruzwa byubwenge kandi bikwirakwizwe vuba. Abantu bizeye kuzamura imibereho hamwe nibicuruzwa byubwenge. Ntabwo ababikora bongereye ibicuruzwa byabo gusa, ahubwo nabantu benshi kandi benshi batangiye kwita kuri enterineti yibintu.

Mu rugo rwubwenge mubyerekezo byabantu, interineti nayo iratera imbere cyane, inzira yiterambere ryayo yabyaye igikoresho cyitwa user portrait, gihinduka imbaraga zo gukomeza guturika murugo rwubwenge. Binyuze mu kugenzura neza kubakoresha, kura ingingo zabo zibabaza, inzu ishaje yubwenge itera mubikorwa byinshi, icyiciro gishya cyibicuruzwa nacyo kigaragara mubihe bidashira, isoko iratera imbere, iha abantu igitekerezo cyiza.

Nyamara, ku isoko rishyushye, abantu bamwe nabo babona ibimenyetso. Muri rusange, abakoresha ibicuruzwa byubwenge, ibyifuzo byabo biroroshye kandi nibiciro byemewe. Iyo ibyoroshye byakemuwe, ababikora byanze bikunze bazatangira kugabanya igiciro cyibicuruzwa, kugirango abantu benshi bashobore kwemera igiciro cyibicuruzwa byubwenge, kugirango bashake isoko ryinshi. Mugihe ibiciro byibicuruzwa bigabanutse, ubwiyongere bwabakoresha bugera kumpera. Hariho umubare muto wabakoresha bafite ubushake bwo gukoresha ibicuruzwa byubwenge, kandi abantu benshi bafite imyumvire yo kwibumbira mubicuruzwa byubwenge. Ntabwo bazahinduka abakoresha ibicuruzwa bya enterineti mugihe gito. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ubwiyongere bwisoko bugenda buhoro buhoro.

Kimwe mu bimenyetso bigaragara cyane kugurisha inzu yubwenge ni urugi rwubwenge. Mu myaka ya mbere, gufunga umuryango byateguwe kuri B. Muri kiriya gihe, igiciro cyari hejuru kandi ahanini cyakoreshwaga na hoteri yo mu rwego rwo hejuru. Nyuma, nyuma yo gukundwa kwurugo rwubwenge, isoko rya C-terminal ryatangiye gutera imbere buhoro buhoro hamwe no kongera ibicuruzwa, kandi igiciro cyisoko rya C-terminal cyaragabanutse cyane. Ibisubizo byerekana ko nubwo isoko rya C-terminal rishyushye, ibicuruzwa byinshi byoherezwa ni inzugi zo mu rwego rwo hasi zifunga imiryango, hamwe n’abaguzi, cyane cyane kuri hoteri yo mu rwego rwo hasi hamwe n’abayobozi ba dortoir za gisivili, intego yo gukoresha inzugi zifite ubwenge ni koroshya imiyoborere. Nkigisubizo, abayikora "basubiye mwijambo ryabo", kandi bakomeza guhinga cyane muri hoteri, murugo ndetse no mubindi bikorwa. Kugurisha urugi rwubwenge rufunga umukoresha wa hoteri murugo, urashobora kugurisha ibicuruzwa ibihumbi icyarimwe, nubwo inyungu yagabanutse, ariko igabanya ibicuruzwa byinshi.

Kuri B: IoT ifungura igice cya kabiri cyamarushanwa

Igihe icyorezo cyaje, isi irimo guhinduka cyane bitagaragara mu kinyejana. Mugihe abaguzi bakomeza umufuka wabo kandi ntibagire ubushake bwo gukoresha mubukungu buhungabana, ibihangange bya interineti yibintu bihindukirira B-terminal kugirango bashake ubwiyongere bwinjira.

Nubwo, abakiriya ba B-barasabwa kandi bafite ubushake bwo gukoresha amafaranga kugirango bagabanye ibiciro no kongera imikorere kubucuruzi. Nyamara, abakiriya ba B-terminal akenshi bafite ibice bitandukanye cyane, kandi inganda ninganda zitandukanye zifite ibisabwa bitandukanye mubwenge, bityo ibibazo byihariye bigomba gusesengurwa. Mugihe kimwe, inzinguzingo yumushinga wa B-end akenshi iba ari ndende, kandi ibisobanuro biragoye cyane, gukoresha tekiniki biragoye, kohereza no kuzamura ibiciro ni byinshi, kandi umushinga wo kugarura umushinga ni muremure. Hariho kandi ibibazo byumutekano wibibazo nibibazo byihariye kugirango dukemure, kandi kubona umushinga B-uruhande ntibyoroshye.

Nyamara, uruhande rwa B rwubucuruzi rwunguka cyane, kandi isosiyete ntoya iot ikemura hamwe nabakiriya bake ba B nziza nziza barashobora kubona inyungu zihamye kandi bakarokoka icyorezo cy’ubukungu n’ubukungu. Muri icyo gihe, uko interineti ikura, impano nyinshi mu nganda zibanda ku bicuruzwa bya SaaS, bigatuma abantu batangira kwita cyane ku ruhande rwa B. Kuberako SaaS ituma bishoboka ko uruhande B rwigana, rutanga kandi urujya n'uruza rw'inyungu zinyongera (gukomeza gushaka amafaranga muri serivisi zikurikira).

Ku bijyanye n’isoko, ingano y’isoko rya SaaS yageze kuri miliyari 27.8 mu mwaka wa 2020, yiyongereyeho 43% ugereranije na 2019, naho isoko rya PaaS rirenga miliyari 10, byiyongereyeho 145% ugereranije n’icyo gihe cyashize umwaka ushize. Ububikoshingiro, ibikoresho byo hagati na micro-serivisi byateye imbere byihuse. Imbaraga nkizo, zikurura abantu.

Kuri ToB (Urubuga rwa interineti rwibintu), abakoresha nyamukuru nibice byinshi byubucuruzi, kandi ibisabwa byingenzi kuri AIoT ni kwizerwa cyane, gukora neza numutekano. Porogaramu ikoreshwa harimo gukora ubwenge, kuvura byubwenge, kugenzura ubwenge, kubika ubwenge, gutwara ubwenge no guhagarara, hamwe no gutwara byikora. Izi nzego zifite ibibazo bitandukanye, ntabwo bisanzwe bishobora gukemurwa, kandi bigomba kuba inararibonye, ​​gusobanukirwa inganda, gusobanukirwa software no gusobanukirwa nogukoresha uruhare rwumwuga, kugirango tugere ku mpinduka zambere zubwenge. Kubwibyo, biragoye kwipima. Muri rusange, ibicuruzwa bya iot birakwiriye cyane mumirima ifite umutekano muke (nkumusaruro wamakara yamakara), umusaruro mwinshi (nko gukora inganda zo mu rwego rwo hejuru no kuvura), hamwe nubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa (nkibice, burimunsi imiti n’ibindi bipimo). Mumyaka yashize, B-terminal yatangiye gushyirwaho buhoro buhoro muriyi mirima.

Kuri C → Kuri B: Kuki hariho impinduka nkiyi

Ni ukubera iki hariho impinduka kuva kuri C-terminal kuri B-terminal ya Internet yibintu? Umwanditsi avuga muri make impamvu zikurikira:

1. Iterambere ryuzuye kandi ntabakoresha bahagije. Abakora Iot bashishikajwe no gushaka umurongo wa kabiri wo gukura.

Nyuma yimyaka cumi nine, Internet yibintu izwi nabantu, kandi ibigo byinshi bikomeye byagaragaye mubushinwa. Hariho umusore Xiaomi, hariho no guhindura buhoro buhoro umuyobozi wibikoresho gakondo gakondo Halemy, hariho iterambere rya kamera kuva Haikang Dahua, hari no mumwanya wa module kugirango ube ibicuruzwa byambere ku isi bya Yuanyucom… Ku nganda nini nini nini, iterambere rya interineti yibintu ni ugucika intege kubera umubare muto wabakoresha.

Ariko niba woga kurubu, uzasubira inyuma. Ni nako bimeze no ku masosiyete akeneye iterambere rihoraho kugirango abeho ku masoko akomeye. Nkigisubizo, abayikora batangiye kwagura umurongo wa kabiri. Millet yubaka imodoka, kuva byavuzwe ko yahatiwe ubufasha; Haikang Dahua, muri raporo yumwaka azahindura bucece ubucuruzi bwibintu byubwenge; Huawei ibujijwe na Amerika kandi ihindukirira isoko rya B-end. Legio yashizweho na Huawei Cloud nibyo byinjira kugirango binjire kuri enterineti yibintu hamwe na 5G. Nkuko ibigo binini bigenda kuri B, bagomba kubona umwanya wo gukura.

2. Ugereranije na C terminal, ikiguzi cyo kwiga cya B terminal ni gito.

Umukoresha ni umuntu ku giti cye, binyuze mumashusho yumukoresha, arashobora gusobanura igice cyimyitwarire yacyo, ariko nta tegeko ryo guhugura umukoresha. Kubwibyo, ntibishoboka kwigisha abakoresha, kandi ikiguzi cyibikorwa byuburezi kiragoye kubara.

Nyamara, kubigo, abafata ibyemezo ni abayobozi ba societe, kandi abatware ahanini ni abantu. Iyo bumvise ubwenge, amaso yabo arakayangana. Bakeneye gusa kubara ikiguzi ninyungu, kandi bazahita batangira gushakisha ibisubizo byubwenge bihinduka. Cyane cyane muri iyi myaka ibiri, ibidukikije ntabwo ari byiza, ntibishobora gufungura isoko, bishobora kugabanya amafaranga yakoreshejwe. Kandi nibyo nibyo Internet yibintu byiza.

Dukurikije amakuru amwe n'amwe yakusanyijwe n’umwanditsi, kubaka uruganda rw’ubwenge birashobora kugabanya ibiciro by’umurimo w’amahugurwa gakondo ku kigero cya 90%, ariko kandi bikagabanya cyane ingaruka z’umusaruro, bikagabanya gushidikanya kuzanwa n’ikosa ry’abantu. Kubwibyo, shobuja ufite amafaranga asigaranye mumaboko, yatangiye kugerageza guhindura ubwenge buke buhendutse buhoro buhoro, agerageza gukoresha inzira ya-automatic na semi-artificiel, buhoro buhoro. Uyu munsi, tuzakoresha ibimenyetso bya elegitoronike na RFID kuri yardstick nibicuruzwa. Ejo, tuzagura imodoka nyinshi za AGV kugirango dukemure ikibazo cyo gukemura. Mugihe automatike yiyongera, isoko ya B-iherezo irakinguka.

3. Iterambere ryigicu rizana uburyo bushya kuri enterineti.

Ali Cloud, uwambere winjiye mumasoko yibicu, ubu yatanze amakuru yibicu kubigo byinshi. Usibye igicu nyamukuru seriveri, Ali igicu cyateye imbere hejuru no hepfo. Ikirangantego cyizina ryikirango, isesengura ryamakuru, umutekano wibicu nubwenge bwubuhanga, ndetse na gahunda yo guhindura ubwenge, urashobora kubisanga kuri Ali Cloud ibisubizo bikuze. Turashobora kuvuga ko imyaka yambere yo guhinga, yatangiye buhoro buhoro gusarura, kandi inyungu yumwaka itangwa muri raporo yimari yayo ni nziza, nigihembo cyiza kubihingwa.

Igicuruzwa nyamukuru cya Tencent Cloud ni imibereho. Ifite umubare munini wumukiriya wa B-terminal binyuze muri gahunda nto, umushahara wechat, imishinga wechat nibindi bidukikije bya peripheri. Hashingiwe kuri ibi, ihora yimbitse kandi igashimangira umwanya wiganje mu mibereho.

Igicu cya Huawei, nkumukererwe, ubwacyo gishobora kuba intambwe inyuma yibindi bihangange. Iyo yinjiye ku isoko, ibihangange byari bimaze kuba byuzuye, bityo Cloud ya Huawei mugitangira umugabane wisoko, birababaje. Nyamara, irashobora kugaragara uhereye kumajyambere mumyaka yashize, igicu cya Huawei kiracyari mubikorwa byo gukora kugirango barwanye imigabane yisoko. Impamvu nuko Huawei nisosiyete ikora inganda kandi yunvikana cyane ningorane zinganda zinganda zikora inganda, zituma Huawei Cloud ikemura vuba ibibazo byimishinga nububabare. Ubu bushobozi ni bwo butuma Huawei Cloud imwe mu bicu bitanu byambere kwisi.

Hamwe no gukura kwa comptabilite, ibihangange byabonye akamaro kamakuru. Igicu, nkabatwara amakuru, cyahindutse ikintu cyo guhangana ninganda nini.

Kuri B: Isoko rijya he?

Hari ejo hazaza ha B? Icyo gishobora kuba ikibazo mumitekerereze yabasomyi benshi basoma ibi. Ni muri urwo rwego, ukurikije ubushakashatsi n’ibigereranyo by’inzego zinyuranye, igipimo cyo kwinjira kuri interineti ya B-terminal ya interineti iracyari hasi cyane, hafi ya 10% -30%, kandi iterambere ry’isoko riracyafite umwanya munini wo kwinjira.

Mfite inama nke zo kwinjira ku isoko rya B-end. Mbere ya byose, ni ngombwa guhitamo ikibanza gikwiye. Ibigo bigomba gusuzuma uruziga rw'ubucuruzi aho ubucuruzi bwabo bugeze, guhora tunonosora ubucuruzi bwabo nyamukuru, gutanga ibisubizo bito ariko byiza, kandi bigakemura ibyo abakiriya bamwe bakeneye. Binyuze mu kwegeranya porogaramu, ubucuruzi burashobora kuba umwuzure mwiza nyuma yo gukura. Icyakabiri, kubucuruzi B-amaherezo, impano ni ngombwa cyane. Abantu bashobora gukemura ibibazo no gutanga ibisubizo bazazana byinshi mubisosiyete. Hanyuma, byinshi mubucuruzi kuruhande rwa B ntabwo ari amasezerano imwe. Serivise no kuzamura bishobora gutangwa nyuma yumushinga urangiye, bivuze ko hari urujya n'uruza rwinyungu rugomba gucukurwa.

Umwanzuro

Isoko rya Internet yibintu rimaze imyaka 30 ritera imbere. Mu myaka yambere, Internet yibintu yakoreshwaga gusa kuri B. NB-IOT, metero y'amazi ya LoRa hamwe n'ikarita y'ubwenge ya RFID byatanze uburyo bworoshye kubikorwa remezo nko gutanga amazi. Nyamara, umuyaga wibicuruzwa byabaguzi byubwenge uhuha cyane, kuburyo interineti yibintu yakwegereye rubanda kandi igahinduka ibicuruzwa byabaguzi bashakishwa nabantu mugihe runaka. Noneho, tuyere yagiye, C iherezo ryisoko ryatangiye kwerekana inzira yuburwayi, ibigo binini byahanuwe byatangiye guhindura umuheto, kugeza B byongeye imbere, twizeye kuzabona izindi nyungu.

Mu mezi ashize, Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cya AIoT Star Map cyakoze iperereza rirambuye kandi ryimbitse ku isesengura ry’ibicuruzwa by’abaguzi bifite ubwenge, kandi binashyira ahagaragara igitekerezo cy '“ubuzima bw’ubwenge”.

Kuki abantu bafite ubwenge batuye, aho kuba inzu yubwenge gakondo? Nyuma y’ibazwa ryinshi n’iperereza, abasesengura ikarita y’inyenyeri ya AIoT basanze nyuma yo gushyira ibicuruzwa byubwenge buke, imipaka iri hagati ya C-terminal na B-terminal yagiye ihinduka buhoro buhoro, kandi ibicuruzwa byinshi by’abaguzi by’ubwenge byahujwe bigurishwa kuri B-terminal , gukora icyerekezo-cyerekezo. Noneho, hamwe nabantu bafite ubwenge bwimiturire iyi sura izasobanura isoko yumuryango wubwenge uyumunsi, neza.