[Kuri B cyangwa kutajya kuri B, iki ni ikibazo. -- Shakespeare]
Mu 1991, Porofeseri wa MIT Kevin Ashton yatanze igitekerezo cya mbere cy’igitekerezo cya interineti y’ibintu.
Mu 1994, inzu y’ubwenge ya Bill Gates yuzuye, izana ibikoresho by’amatara by’ubwenge n’uburyo bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe bw’ubwenge ku nshuro ya mbere. Ibikoresho by’ubwenge n’uburyo bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe byatangiye kugaragara mu bantu basanzwe.
Mu 1999, MIT yashinze "Ikigo cy'Indangamuntu cyikora", cyatanze igitekerezo cy'uko "ibintu byose bishobora guhuzwa binyuze kuri interineti", kandi gisobanura neza icyo interineti y'ibintu isobanura.
Muri Kanama 2009, Minisitiri w’Intebe Wen Jiabao yashyize ahagaragara "Sensing China", iot yashyizwe ku rutonde rw’inganda eshanu zikiri nshya mu gihugu, yanditswe muri "raporo y’akazi ka Guverinoma", iot yakuruye ibitekerezo byinshi by’abaturage bose mu Bushinwa.
Nyuma y’ibyo, isoko ntirizongera kugarukira ku makarita agezweho n’ibipimo by’amazi gusa, ahubwo rizajya rigera ku nzego zitandukanye, ibicuruzwa bya iot kuva inyuma kugeza imbere, mu maso y’abantu.
Mu myaka 30 ishize interineti y’ibintu itera imbere, isoko ryagize impinduka nyinshi n’udushya. Umwanditsi yakusanyije amateka y’iterambere rya To C na To B, maze agerageza kureba ibyahise akurikije uko ibintu bimeze ubu, kugira ngo atekereze ku hazaza h’ikoranabuhanga ry’ibintu, rizagera he?
Kuri C: Ibikoresho bishya bikurura abantu
Mu myaka ya mbere, ibikoresho byo mu rugo by’ubwenge, biyobowe na politiki, byahindukaga ibihumyo. Iyo ibyo bicuruzwa bicuruzwa, nk'indangururamajwi z'ubwenge, imikufi y'ubwenge n'amarobo asanzwe, bikimara gusohoka, birakunzwe cyane.
· Indangururamajwi zikoresha ubwenge zihindura igitekerezo cy’indangururamajwi zikoreshwa mu rugo, zishobora guhuzwa n’umuyoboro udafite insinga, zihuza imikorere nko kugenzura ibikoresho byo mu nzu no kugenzura ibyumba byinshi, kandi zigaha abakoresha uburyo bushya bwo kwidagadura. Indangururamajwi zikoresha ubwenge zifatwa nk'ikiraro cyo kuvugana n'ibikoresho bikoresha ubwenge, kandi byitezwe ko zizahabwa agaciro gakomeye n’ibigo byinshi binini by’ikoranabuhanga nka Baidu, Tmall na Amazon.
· Itsinda rya Xiaomi smart bracelet riri inyuma y’uwaremye, ubushakashatsi n’iterambere n’umusaruro w’itsinda rya Huami ritanga icyizere, ikorwa rya Xiaomi band rigurishwa cyane cyane miliyoni 1, umusaruro w’igihe kitarenze umwaka ku isoko, isi yose yagurishije arenga miliyoni 10; Itsinda rya kabiri rya kohereza amamiriyoni 32, rishyiraho agahigo mu bikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga byo mu Bushinwa.
· Robot yo kogosha hasi: inyurwa n'ibitekerezo by'abantu bihagije, yicara kuri sofa kugira ngo ibashe kurangiza imirimo yo mu rugo. Ibi kandi byanaremye izina rishya "ubukungu bunebwe", rishobora kuzigama umwanya w'imirimo yo mu rugo ku muntu uyikoresha, iyo ikimara gusohoka ikundwa n'abakunzi benshi b'abahanga mu bicuruzwa.
Impamvu ibicuruzwa bya To C byoroshye guturika mu myaka ya mbere ni uko ibicuruzwa by'ubwenge ubwabyo bifite ingaruka nziza. Abakoresha ibikoresho bishaje by'imyaka myinshi, iyo babonye roboti ikora neza, amasaha y'imitako y'ubwenge, indangururamajwi z'ubwenge n'ibindi bicuruzwa, bazaba bafite amatsiko yo kugura ibi bicuruzwa bigezweho, icyarimwe hamwe no kuzamuka kw'imbuga nkoranyambaga zitandukanye (WeChat circle of friends, weibo, QQ space, zhihu, nibindi) bizaba ari byo biranga amplifier, ibicuruzwa by'ubwenge kandi bigakwirakwira vuba. Abantu bizeye kunoza ubuzima hamwe n'ibicuruzwa by'ubwenge. Abakora ibikoresho biyongereye ku bicuruzwa byabo gusa, ahubwo n'abantu benshi batangiye kwita kuri interineti y'ibintu.
Mu bijyanye no gushyira mu bikorwa ikoranabuhanga mu mucyo w’abantu, interineti nayo irimo gutera imbere mu buryo bwuzuye, inzira yayo yo guteza imbere yasohoye igikoresho cyitwa ishusho y’umukoresha, kiba imbaraga zituma habaho iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga mu ikoranabuhanga. Binyuze mu kugenzura neza abakoresha, bagakuraho ibibazo byabo, uburyo bwa kera bwo guhindura imikorere y’ikoranabuhanga mu ikoranabuhanga, havuka ubwoko bushya bw’ibicuruzwa butagira iherezo, isoko riratera imbere, riha abantu ishusho nziza.
Ariko, ku isoko rishyushye, hari abantu bamwe na bamwe babona ibimenyetso. Muri rusange, abakoresha ibicuruzwa bigezweho, icyifuzo cyabo ni cyoroshye cyane kandi gikwiye kugurwa. Iyo ibyo byoroshye bikemutse, abakora ibicuruzwa bazatangira kugabanya igiciro cy'ibicuruzwa, kugira ngo abantu benshi bemere igiciro cy'ibicuruzwa bigezweho, kugira ngo bashake isoko ryinshi. Uko ibiciro by'ibicuruzwa bigabanuka, kwiyongera kw'abakoresha kugera ku ntera. Hari umubare muto gusa w'abakoresha biteguye gukoresha ibicuruzwa bigezweho, kandi abantu benshi bafite imyumvire ihamye ku bicuruzwa bigezweho. Ntibazaba abakoresha ibicuruzwa bya interineti y'ibintu mu gihe gito. Ingaruka zabyo ni uko iterambere ry'isoko rigenda rihagarara buhoro buhoro.
Kimwe mu bimenyetso bigaragara by’igurishwa ry’inzu zigezweho ni ingufuri z’inzugi. Mu myaka ya mbere, ingufuri z’inzugi zari zigenewe igice cya B. Icyo gihe, igiciro cyari kiri hejuru kandi cyakoreshwaga cyane cyane n’amahoteli yo mu rwego rwo hejuru. Nyuma, nyuma yo gukundwa kw’inzu zigezweho, isoko rya C-terminal ryatangiye gutezwa imbere buhoro buhoro bitewe n’ubwiyongere bw’ibicuruzwa, kandi igiciro cy’isoko rya C-terminal cyaragabanutse cyane. Ibisubizo bigaragaza ko nubwo isoko rya C-terminal rishyushye, ibicuruzwa byinshi ni ingufuri z’inzugi zo mu rwego rwo hasi, kandi abaguzi, cyane cyane abayobozi b’amahoteli yo mu rwego rwo hasi n’ab’amacumbi ya rubanda, intego yo gukoresha ingufuri z’inzugi zo mu rwego rwo hejuru ni ukoroshya imicungire. Kubera iyo mpamvu, abakora “basubiye inyuma”, kandi bakomeje kwinjira mu mahoteli, amacumbi n’ibindi bikorwa. Kugurisha ingufuri z’inzugi zo mu rwego rwo hejuru ku mucuruzi w’amahoteli, bashobora kugurisha ibicuruzwa ibihumbi icyarimwe, nubwo inyungu yagabanutse, ariko bakagabanya ikiguzi kinini cyo kugurisha.
Kuri B: IoT ifungura igice cya kabiri cy'irushanwa
Nyuma y’icyorezo, isi irimo kugira impinduka zikomeye mu kinyejana gishize. Uko abaguzi bakomeza gukaza amafaranga yabo kandi bakagira ubushake buke bwo kuyakoresha mu bukungu buhindagurika, ibihangange bya Internet of Things birimo gukoresha B-terminal mu gushaka inyungu ziyongera.
Nubwo abakiriya ba B-end bakenewe cyane kandi biteguye gukoresha amafaranga kugira ngo bagabanye ikiguzi kandi bongere imikorere myiza y'ikigo. Ariko, abakiriya ba B-terminal bakunze kugira ibyo basabwa bitandukanye, kandi ibigo bitandukanye n'inganda bifite ibyo basabwa bitandukanye mu buhanga, bityo ibibazo byihariye bigomba gusesengurwa. Muri icyo gihe, urwego rw'ubuhanga rw'umushinga wa B-end rukunze kuba rurerure, kandi ibisobanuro birambuye biragoye cyane, ikoreshwa rya tekiniki riragoye, ikiguzi cyo gushyiraho no kuvugurura umushinga ni kinini, kandi urwego rwo kugarura umushinga ni rurerure. Hari kandi ibibazo by'umutekano w'amakuru n'ibibazo by'ubuzima bwite bigomba gukemurwa, kandi kubona umushinga wo ku ruhande rwa B ntabwo byoroshye.
Ariko, uruhande rwa B rw'ubucuruzi rwunguka cyane, kandi ikigo gito gitanga ibisubizo bya iot gifite abakiriya bake beza ba B gishobora kunguka mu buryo burambye no kurokoka icyorezo n'ibibazo by'ubukungu. Muri icyo gihe, uko interineti igenda ikura, impano nyinshi mu nganda zibanda ku bicuruzwa bya SaaS, bituma abantu batangira kwita cyane ku ruhande rwa B. Kubera ko SaaS ituma uruhande rwa B rushobora gukopwa, inatanga inyungu ihoraho (ikomeza kwinjiza amafaranga muri serivisi zikurikira).
Ku bijyanye n'isoko, ingano y'isoko rya SaaS yageze kuri miliyari 27.8 z'amayuan mu 2020, yiyongereyeho 43% ugereranije no mu 2019, naho ingano y'isoko rya PaaS yarenze miliyari 10 z'amayuan, yiyongereyeho 145% ugereranije n'igihe nk'icyo umwaka ushize. Ububiko bw'amakuru, ibikoresho byo hagati na serivisi nto byariyongereye cyane. Uwo muvuduko ukurura abantu.
Kuri ToB (Inganda za interineti y'ibintu), abakoresha b'ingenzi ni amashami menshi y'ubucuruzi, kandi ibisabwa by'ingenzi kuri AIoT ni ukwizerwa cyane, imikorere myiza n'umutekano. Uburyo bwo gukoresha porogaramu burimo gukora ibikoresho by'ubwenge, ubuvuzi bw'ubwenge, gukurikirana ibikoresho by'ubwenge, kubika ibikoresho by'ubwenge, gutwara abantu n'imodoka by'ubwenge, no gutwara imodoka mu buryo bwikora. Ibi bigo bifite ibibazo bitandukanye, ntabwo ari urwego rushobora gukemurwa, kandi bigomba kuba bifite uburambe, gusobanukirwa inganda, gusobanukirwa porogaramu no gusobanukirwa ikoreshwa ry'ubuhanga mu by'umwuga, kugira ngo bigere ku mpinduka z'umwimerere mu by'umwuga mu nganda. Kubwibyo, biragoye kongera imbaraga. Muri rusange, ibicuruzwa bya iot bikwiranye cyane n'ibicuruzwa bifite ibisabwa ku mutekano mwinshi (nk'umusaruro w'ibirombe by'amakara), gukora neza cyane (nk'umusaruro wo mu rwego rwo hejuru no kuvura), hamwe n'urwego rwo hejuru rw'ibicuruzwa (nk'ibice, imiti ya buri munsi n'ibindi bipimo). Mu myaka ya vuba aha, B-terminal yatangiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa muri ibi bigo.
Kuri C→Kuri B: Kuki hari impinduka nk'iyi
Kuki hari impinduka kuva kuri C-terminal ukajya kuri B-terminal Internet of Things? Umwanditsi avuga muri make impamvu zikurikira:
1. Iterambere ryuzuye kandi nta bakoresha bahagije bahari. Abakora imashini za Iot bifuza gushaka umurongo wa kabiri w'iterambere.
Nyuma y'imyaka 14, interineti y'ibintu izwi n'abantu, kandi amasosiyete menshi manini yavutse mu Bushinwa. Hari Xiaomi ikiri nto, hari kandi impinduka z'ubuyobozi bw'ibikoresho gakondo bya Halemy, hari iterambere rya kamera iturutse kuri Haikang Dahua, hari kandi mu rwego rw'ibikoresho biba ibya mbere ku isi byoherezwa muri Yuanyucom… Ku nganda nini n'izito, iterambere rya interineti y'ibintu riragoye bitewe n'umubare muto w'abayikoresha.
Ariko nunyuranya n'amazi, uzasubira inyuma. Ni nako bimeze ku masosiyete akeneye iterambere rihoraho kugira ngo akomeze kubaho mu masoko akomeye. Kubera iyo mpamvu, abakora batangiye kwagura umurongo wa kabiri. Inyama z'inka zubaka imodoka, kubera ko zahatiwe gucika intege; Haikang Dahua, muri raporo y'umwaka azahindura bucece ubucuruzi bujya mu bigo by'ubwenge; Huawei ibujijwe na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika kandi ihindukirira isoko rya B-end. Ishami ryashyizweho na Huawei Cloud ni byo binjiyemo kugira ngo binjire ku isoko rya interineti y'ibintu bakoresheje 5G. Uko amasosiyete manini yiyongera kuri B, agomba kubona umwanya wo gukura.
2. Ugereranyije na terminal ya C, ikiguzi cy'uburezi cya terminal ya B kiri hasi.
Umukoresha ni umuntu ugoye, binyuze mu ishusho y'umukoresha, ashobora gusobanura igice cy'imyitwarire ye, ariko nta tegeko rihari ryo gutoza umukoresha. Kubwibyo, ntibishoboka kwigisha abakoresha, kandi ikiguzi cy'uburezi kiragoye kubara.
Ariko, ku bigo, abafata ibyemezo ni abayobozi b'ikigo, naho abayobozi bakaba ari abantu. Iyo bumvise ubwenge, amaso yabo aratangara. Bakeneye kubara ikiguzi n'inyungu gusa, maze bagatangira gushaka ibisubizo by'ubuhanga mu guhindura ibintu. Cyane cyane muri iyi myaka ibiri, ibidukikije ntabwo ari byiza, ntibishobora gufungura amaso, bishobora kugabanya amafaranga akoreshwa gusa. Kandi ibyo ni byo interineti y'ibintu ikora neza.
Dukurikije amakuru amwe yakusanyijwe n'umwanditsi, kubaka uruganda rw'ubwenge bishobora kugabanya ikiguzi cy'abakozi mu iduka risanzwe ho 90%, ariko binagabanya cyane ibyago byo gukora, bigabanye ikibazo cy'amakosa ya muntu. Kubwibyo, umuyobozi ufite amafaranga make mu ntoki, yatangiye kugerageza guhindura ibintu mu buryo bw'ubwenge buhendutse buhoro buhoro, agerageza gukoresha uburyo bwa semi-automatic na semi-artificial, buhoro buhoro. Uyu munsi, tuzakoresha tagi z'ikoranabuhanga na RFID ku bipimo n'ibicuruzwa. Ejo, tuzagura imodoka nyinshi za AGV kugira ngo dukemure ikibazo cyo gutunganya ibintu. Uko ikoranabuhanga ryiyongera, isoko rya B-end rirakinguka.
3. Iterambere rya cloud rizana amahirwe mashya kuri interineti y'ibintu.
Ali Cloud, iya mbere yinjiye ku isoko rya cloud, ubu yatanze cloud y'amakuru ku bigo byinshi. Uretse seriveri nkuru ya cloud, Ali cloud yateje imbere downstream na downstream. Ikirango cy'ubucuruzi cy'amazina y'urubuga, isesengura ry'ububiko bw'amakuru, umutekano w'ibicu n'ubwenge bw'ubukorano, ndetse na gahunda yo guhindura ibintu mu buryo bw'ubwenge, biboneka ku bisubizo bya Ali Cloud byakuze. Dushobora kuvuga ko imyaka ya mbere y'ubuhinzi, yatangiye kugira umusaruro buhoro buhoro, kandi inyungu rusange ya buri mwaka igaragazwa muri raporo yayo y'imari ni nziza, ari yo nyungu nziza ku buhinzi bwayo.
Umusaruro nyamukuru wa Tencent Cloud ni social media. Ifata umubare munini w'abakiriya ba B-terminal binyuze muri gahunda nto, wechat pay, enterprise wechat n'ibindi bidukikije. Ishingiye kuri ibi, ihora yiyongera kandi ikomeza umwanya wayo ukomeye mu rwego rw'imibereho myiza.
Huawei Cloud, nk'umuntu ukererwa, ishobora kuba iri inyuma y'izindi nganda nini. Ubwo yinjiye ku isoko, izo nganda nini zari zimaze kuzura, bityo Huawei Cloud mu ntangiriro z'isoko, irababaje. Ariko, ishobora kugaragara mu iterambere ryabaye mu myaka yashize, Huawei cloud iracyari mu rwego rw'inganda kugira ngo irwane n'uruhare rw'isoko. Impamvu ni uko Huawei ari ikigo cy'inganda kandi gihangayikishijwe cyane n'ingorane ziri mu nganda z'inganda, ibyo bigatuma Huawei Cloud ikemura vuba ibibazo by'ibigo n'ibibazo. Ni ubwo bushobozi butuma Huawei Cloud iba imwe mu nganda eshanu za mbere ku isi.
Uko ikoranabuhanga rya mudasobwa rigenda rikura, ibihangange byabonye akamaro k'amakuru. Iki gikoresho cy'ikoranabuhanga, nk'umuyoboro w'amakuru, cyabaye ikintu kivugwaho cyane n'inganda nini.
Kuri B: Isoko riri kujya he?
Ese hari ahazaza h’iherezo rya B? Icyo gishobora kuba ari cyo kibazo kiri mu mitwe y’abasomyi benshi basoma ibi. Muri urwo rwego, nk’uko ubushakashatsi n’isuzuma ry’ibigo bitandukanye bibigaragaza, igipimo cy’injira rya interineti ya B-terminal y’ibintu kiracyari hasi cyane, kiri hagati ya 10% na 30%, kandi iterambere ry’isoko riracyafite umwanya munini wo kwinjira.
Mfite inama nke zo kwinjira mu isoko rya B-end. Mbere na mbere, ni ngombwa guhitamo urwego rukwiye. Ibigo bigomba gusuzuma ubushobozi bw'ikigo cyabo ubu, bigahora binoza ubucuruzi bwabyo bw'ibanze, bigatanga ibisubizo bito ariko byiza, kandi bigakemura ibyifuzo bya bamwe mu bakiriya. Binyuze mu kwegeranya gahunda, ikigo gishobora kuba umuyoboro wacyo mwiza nyuma yo gukura. Icya kabiri, ku bucuruzi bwa B-end, impano ni ingenzi cyane. Abantu bashobora gukemura ibibazo no gutanga umusaruro bazazana amahirwe menshi kuri sosiyete. Amaherezo, ubucuruzi bwinshi ku ruhande rwa B si ikintu cyoroshye. Serivisi no kuvugurura bishobora gutangwa nyuma y'uko umushinga urangiye, bivuze ko hari inyungu nyinshi zigomba gucukurwa.
Umwanzuro
Isoko rya interineti y’ibintu rimaze imyaka 30 ritera imbere. Mu myaka ya mbere, interineti y’ibintu yakoreshwaga gusa ku mpera ya B. NB-IOT, ikarita y’amazi ya LoRa na RFID smart card byatangaga uburyo bworohereza ibikorwa remezo nko gutanga amazi. Ariko, umuyaga w’ibicuruzwa bigezweho urimo urahuha cyane, ku buryo interineti y’ibintu yakuruye ibitekerezo by’abaturage kandi iba ibicuruzwa bikenerwa n’abantu mu gihe runaka. Noneho, tuyere yaragiye, impera y’isoko yatangiye kugaragaza icyerekezo cy’uburangare, ibigo binini byatangiye guhindura umurongo, bijya ku mpera ya B, byizeye kubona izindi nyungu.
Mu mezi ashize, Ikigo cy’Ubushakashatsi cya AIoT Star Map cyakoze iperereza n’isesengura ryimbitse kandi rirambuye ku nganda zicuruza ibintu by’ubwenge, ndetse gishyira imbere igitekerezo cy’ “ubuzima bw’ubwenge”.
Kuki gutura ku bantu bafite ubwenge, aho kuba ahantu gakondo ho gutura ku bantu bafite ubwenge? Nyuma y'ibiganiro byinshi n'iperereza, abasesenguzi b'amakarita y'inyenyeri ya AIoT basanze nyuma yo gushyiraho ibicuruzwa bigezweho, umupaka uri hagati ya C-terminal na B-terminal wagiye ugaragara buhoro buhoro, maze ibicuruzwa byinshi bigezweho bihuzwa bigurishwa kuri B-terminal, bishyiraho gahunda ishingiye ku buryo ibintu bimeze. Hanyuma, hamwe n'imidugudu y'abantu bafite ubwenge, iyi nkuru izasobanura isoko ry'ingo z'abantu bafite ubwenge muri iki gihe, neza kurushaho.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-11-2022