Inkomoko: Ulink Media
Mu gihe cya nyuma y’icyorezo, twemera ko ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa infrared ari ingenzi buri munsi. Mu gihe cyo kujya mu rugendo, tugomba kubanza gupima ubushyuhe mbere yuko tugera aho tujya. Mu buryo busanzwe, nk'igipimo cy'ubushyuhe gifite umubare munini w'ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa infrared, mu by'ukuri, hari imirimo myinshi y'ingenzi. Hanyuma, reka turebe neza ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa infrared.
Intangiriro ku ikoranabuhanga rya Infrared Sensors
Ikintu cyose kiri hejuru ya zeru rwose (-273°C) gihora cyohereza ingufu za infrared mu isanzure rikikije, mu buryo bw'ikigereranyo. Kandi sensor ya infrared, ishobora kumva ingufu za infrared z'ikintu ikagihinduramo ibice by'amashanyarazi. Sensore ya infrared igizwe na sisitemu y'urumuri, igenzura ibintu n'uruhererekane rw'impinduka.
Sisitemu y'urumuri ishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bw'urumuri n'ubwoko bw'urumuri hakurikijwe imiterere itandukanye. Urumuri rusaba ibice bibiri, kimwe cyohereza infrared n'ikindi cyo kwakira infrared. Ku rundi ruhande, rukoresha urumuri rukenera sensor imwe gusa kugira ngo ikusanye amakuru yifuza.
Ikintu cyo gutahura gishobora kugabanywamo ibice bibiri: igikoresho cyo gutahura ubushyuhe n'ikintu cyo gutahura amashanyarazi hakurikijwe ihame ry'imikorere. Ikigo cyo gusuzuma amashanyarazi ni cyo gikoreshwa cyane. Iyo ikigo cyo gusuzuma amashanyarazi gihuye n'imirasire ya infrared, ubushyuhe buriyongera, kandi ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ibintu bugahinduka (iri hinduka rishobora kuba rinini cyangwa rito, kuko ikigo cyo gusuzuma amashanyarazi gishobora kugabanywamo ikigo cyo gusuzuma ubushyuhe cya positive na ikigo cyo gusuzuma ubushyuhe cya positive), gishobora guhindurwamo ikimenyetso cy'amashanyarazi binyuze mu buryo bwo guhindura imiterere y'ikirere. Ibintu byo gusuzuma amashanyarazi bikunze gukoreshwa nk'ibintu byoroshye kubona amashanyarazi, ubusanzwe bikozwe muri sulfide y'icyuma, selenide y'icyuma, indium arsenide, antimoni arsenide, mercury cadmium telluride ternary alloy, germanium na silicon doped materials.
Dukurikije uburyo butandukanye bwo gutunganya no guhindura ibimenyetso, sensor za infrared zishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bwa analog n'ubwa digitale. Urugendo rwo gutunganya ibimenyetso rwa sensor ya analog pyroelectric infrared ni umuyoboro w'ingaruka ku butaka, mu gihe urugendo rwo gutunganya ibimenyetso rwa sensor ya digital pyroelectric infrared ari chip ya digitale.
Imirimo myinshi ya sensor ya infrared ikorwa binyuze mu guhinduranya ibintu bitandukanye no guhuza ibice bitatu by’ingenzi: sisitemu y’urumuri, ikintu cyo gutahura n’uruhererekane rw’amashanyarazi. Reka turebere hamwe n’ibindi bice aho sensor ya infrared yagize uruhare runini mu guhindura ibintu.
Imikoreshereze ya Sensor ya Infrared
1. Gupima Gazi
Ihame rya infrared optique rya sensor ya gaze ni ubwoko bw'uburyo ikoresha infrared spectral selective knocking imiterere y'ibintu bitandukanye bya gaze, ikoreshwa ry'ubwinshi bwa gaze n'ubunini bwayo (Lambert – itegeko rya bill Lambert Beer) kugira ngo hamenyekane kandi hamenyekane ubwinshi bw'igikoresho cyo kumenya gaze kigize gaze.
Utwuma tw’urumuri dukoresha infrared dushobora gukoreshwa mu kubona ikarita yo gusesengura infrared nk'uko bigaragara ku ishusho iri hejuru. Molekuli zigizwe na atome zitandukanye zizahura n’ingaruka mbi z’urumuri rukoresha infrared mu gihe urumuri rukoresha infrared runyura ku rugero rumwe, bigatuma habaho impinduka mu bukana bw’urumuri rukoresha infrared. Dukurikije imisozi itandukanye y’umuraba, ubwoko bwa gaze buri muri urwo ruvange burashobora kumenyekana.
Dukurikije aho ikirere kimwe cyo kwinjiza umwuka muri infrared giherereye, ni amatsinda gusa ari muri molekile ya gaze ashobora kumenyekana. Kugira ngo tumenye neza ubwoko bwa gaze, tugomba kureba aho ikirere cyose cyo kwinjiza umwuka kiri mu gace ko hagati ka infrared ka gaze, ni ukuvuga urutoki rw'icyuma cyo kwinjiza umwuka muri infrared. Hamwe n'urumuri rwa infrared, ibikubiye muri buri gaze mu ruvange bishobora gusesengurwa vuba.
Utwuma tw’umwuka dukoresha infrared gaze dukoreshwa cyane mu nganda zikora peteroli, ibyuma, ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, kugenzura ihumana ry’ikirere no gupima ibijyanye no kugabanya karuboni, ubuhinzi n’izindi nganda. Kuri ubu, lasers zo mu bwoko bwa infrared zihenze. Ndizera ko mu gihe kizaza, hamwe n’inganda nyinshi zikoresha utwuma tw’umwuka dukoresha infrared gaze, utwuma tw’umwuka dukoresha infrared gaze tuzarushaho kuba twiza kandi duhendutse.
2. Igipimo cy'intera ya infrared
Sensoreri ipima infrared ni ubwoko bw'igikoresho cyo kumenya, gikoreshwa mu gupima infrared nk'uburyo bwo gupima, gupima ahantu hagari, igihe gito cyo gusubiza, ahanini gikoreshwa mu bumenyi n'ikoranabuhanga rya none, mu kurinda igihugu no mu rwego rw'inganda n'ubuhinzi.
Sensoreri ikoresha infrared ifite diode ebyiri z'ibimenyetso bya infrared byohereza n'ibyakira, ikoresha sensoreri ikoresha infrared kugira ngo itange urumuri rwa infrared, ikora inzira yo kugarura urumuri nyuma yo kurumurikira ku kintu, ikarumurikira kuri sensoreri nyuma yo kwakira ikimenyetso, hanyuma igakoresha uburyo bwa CCD bwo gutunganya amashusho yakira amakuru ajyanye n'igihe. Intera y'ikintu ibarwa nyuma yo gutunganywa na poroseseri y'ibimenyetso. Ibi bishobora gukoreshwa atari ku buso karemano gusa, ahubwo no ku duce duto dukoresha infrared. Intera yo gupima, igisubizo cyihuta, kibereye ahantu hakomereye inganda.
3. Uburyo bwo kohereza amakuru mu buryo bwa infrared
Kohereza amakuru hakoreshejwe sensor za infrared nabyo bikoreshwa cyane. Uburyo bwo kugenzura televiziyo hakoreshejwe remote bukoresha ibimenyetso bya infrared mu kugenzura televiziyo kure; Telefoni zigendanwa zishobora kohereza amakuru binyuze mu kohereza amakuru kuri infrared. Izi ni porogaramu zabayeho kuva ikoranabuhanga rya infrared ryatangira gukorwa.
4. Ishusho y'ubushyuhe ya infrared
Ishusho y'ubushyuhe ni sensor idakoresha imbaraga ishobora gufata imirasire ya infrared isohoka n'ibintu byose bifite ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya zeru rwose. Ishusho y'ubushyuhe yabanje gukorwa nk'igikoresho cyo kugenzura igisirikare no kureba nijoro, ariko uko yagendaga ikoreshwa cyane, igiciro cyaragabanutse, bityo byagura cyane urwego rw'ikoreshwa. Ikoreshwa ry'ishusho y'ubushyuhe ririmo inyamaswa, ubuhinzi, inyubako, gupima gazi, ibikorwa by'inganda n'igisirikare, ndetse no gupima abantu, gukurikirana no kumenya. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, ishusho y'ubushyuhe ya infrared yakoreshejwe ahantu henshi hahurira abantu benshi kugira ngo bapime vuba ubushyuhe bw'ibicuruzwa.
5. Induction ya Infrared
Infrared induction switch ni switch ikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya infrared induction. Ikora akazi kayo ko kugenzura ikoranabuhanga binyuze mu kumva ubushyuhe bwa infrared buturuka hanze. Ishobora gufungura amatara vuba, inzugi zikoresha ikoranabuhanga, alamu zirwanya ubujura n'ibindi bikoresho by'amashanyarazi.
Binyuze muri lensi ya Fresnel ya sensor ya infrared, urumuri rwa infrared rusohoka mu mubiri w'umuntu rushobora kumvikana hakoreshejwe switch, kugira ngo rukore imirimo itandukanye yo kugenzura ikoranabuhanga nko gucana urumuri. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, bitewe n'uko inzu igezweho ikunzwe, infrared sensing nayo yakoreshejwe mu byuma bipima imyanda, mu bwiherero bugezweho, mu byuma bipima ibimenyetso, mu nzugi zikoresha infrared n'ibindi bikoresho bigezweho. Infrared sensing ntabwo ari ugupima abantu gusa, ahubwo ihora ivugururwa kugira ngo igere ku mirimo myinshi.
Umwanzuro
Mu myaka ya vuba aha, inganda za interineti y’ibintu zateye imbere cyane kandi zifite isoko rinini. Muri urwo rwego, isoko rya sensor ya infrared naryo ryakomeje kwiyongera. Kubwibyo, igipimo cy’isoko rya sensor ya infrared mu Bushinwa gikomeje kwiyongera. Dukurikije amakuru, mu 2019, ingano y’isoko rya sensor ya infrared mu Bushinwa ingana na miliyoni 400 z’amayuani, mu 2020 cyangwa hafi miliyoni 500 z’amayuani. Hamwe n’igikenewe cyo gupima ubushyuhe bwa infrared bw’icyorezo no kugabanya karuboni kugira ngo hamenyekane imyuka ya infrared, ingano y’isoko rya sensor ya infrared izaba nini cyane mu gihe kizaza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-16-2022