(Icyitonderwa cya Muhinduzi: Iyi ngingo, yakuwe kandi ihindurwa muri ulinkmedia.)
Muri raporo iheruka gusohora, “Interineti y'ibintu: Gufata amahirwe yihuta,” McKinsey yavuguruye imyumvire y’isoko kandi yemeza ko nubwo iterambere ryihuse mu myaka mike ishize, isoko ryananiwe kubahiriza iteganyagihe ry’iterambere ry’umwaka wa 2015. Muri iki gihe, ikoreshwa rya interineti yibintu mu mishinga rihura ningorane ziva mubuyobozi, ikiguzi, impano, umutekano wurusobe nibindi bintu.
Raporo ya McKinsey yitondeye gusobanura interineti yibintu nkurusobe rwibikoresho na moteri bifitanye isano na sisitemu yo kubara ishobora gukurikirana cyangwa gucunga ubuzima nubuzima bwibintu na mashini bihujwe. Ibyuma bifata amajwi birashobora kandi gukurikirana isi karemano, imyitwarire yabantu ninyamaswa.
Muri ubu busobanuro, McKinsey akuyemo icyiciro kinini cya sisitemu aho sensor zose zigenewe mbere na mbere kwakira ibitekerezo byabantu (nka terefone na PCS).
Niki gikurikira kuri Internet yibintu? McKinsey yizera ko inzira y’iterambere rya iot, kimwe n’ibidukikije ndetse n’imbere, byahindutse ku buryo bugaragara kuva mu 2015, bityo ikasesengura ku buryo burambuye kandi ikanatanga ibyifuzo by’iterambere.
Hariho imirongo itatu yingenzi itwara umuvuduko mwinshi mwisoko rya iot:
- Agaciro Kumva: Abakiriya bakoze imishinga iot baragenda babona agaciro ko gusaba, ibyo bikaba ari iterambere ryinshi mubushakashatsi bwa McKinsey 2015.
- Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga: Kubera ubwihindurize bw'ikoranabuhanga, ikoranabuhanga ntirikiri icyuho kinini cyo kohereza sisitemu nini ya iot. Kubara byihuse, ibiciro byo kubika, kuzamura ubuzima bwa bateri, gutera imbere mukwiga imashini… Gutwara interineti yibintu.
- Ingaruka z'urusobe: Kuva kuri 4G kugeza kuri 5G, umubare wibikoresho byahujwe waturitse, kandi umuvuduko, ubushobozi, nubukererwe bwa protocole zitandukanye zurusobe byose byariyongereye.
Hariho ibintu bitanu byingenzi, aribyo bibazo nibibazo iterambere rya interineti yibintu muri rusange bigomba guhura nabyo.
- Imyumvire y'Ubuyobozi: Muri rusange amasosiyete abona interineti y'ibintu nk'ikoranabuhanga aho guhinduka mu bucuruzi bwabo. Kubwibyo, niba umushinga wa iot uyobowe nishami rya IT, IT biragoye kubyara impinduka zikenewe mumyitwarire, inzira, imiyoborere, nibikorwa.
- Imikoranire: Internet yibintu ntabwo iri hose, igihe cyose, ifite inzira ndende, ariko hariho urusobe rwibinyabuzima byinshi "umwotsi" mwisoko rya iot kurubu.
- Igiciro cyo Kwishyiriraho: Benshi mubakoresha imishinga nabaguzi babona kwishyiriraho iot ibisubizo nkimwe mubibazo bikomeye byigiciro. Ibi bifitanye isano nu mutwe wambere, imikoranire, byongera ingorane zo kwishyiriraho.
- Umutekano wa cyber: Guverinoma nyinshi, ibigo n’abakoresha byita ku mutekano wa interineti y’ibintu, kandi imiyoboro ya interineti y’ibintu ku isi itanga amahirwe menshi ku ba hackers.
- Amabanga yamakuru: Hamwe nogushimangira amategeko arengera amakuru mubihugu bitandukanye, ubuzima bwite bwabaye ikibazo cyambere mubigo byinshi nabaguzi.
Imbere yumutwe nu murizo, McKinsey atanga intambwe ndwi zo gutsinda neza kwagutse kwimishinga ya iot:
- Sobanura urunigi rwo gufata ibyemezo nabafata ibyemezo byimishinga ya Internet yibintu. Kugeza ubu, ibigo byinshi ntabwo bifite abafata ibyemezo bisobanutse kubikorwa bya iot, kandi imbaraga zo gufata ibyemezo ziratatana mubikorwa bitandukanye no mumashami yubucuruzi. Abafata ibyemezo bisobanutse ni urufunguzo rwo gutsinda imishinga ya iot.
- Tekereza igipimo guhera. Inshuro nyinshi, ibigo bikururwa nubuhanga bushya kandi bwibanda kuri pilote, bikarangirira muri "pilato purgatori" yumudereva uhoraho.
- Gira ubutwari bwo kunama mumikino. Hatariho isasu rya feza - ni ukuvuga, nta tekinoroji cyangwa uburyo bumwe bushobora guhungabanya - gukoresha no gukoresha ibisubizo byinshi bya iot icyarimwe byorohereza guhatira ibigo guhindura imishinga yubucuruzi n’ibikorwa kugirango babone agaciro.
- Gushora mubuhanga bwa tekiniki. Urufunguzo rwo gukemura ikibazo cyibura ryubuhanga bwa tekinike kuri interineti yibintu ntabwo ari abakandida, ahubwo ni abashaka akazi bavuga ururimi rwa tekiniki kandi bafite ubuhanga bwubucuruzi. Mugihe abashakashatsi ba data naba siyanse bakuru ari ingenzi, iterambere ryubushobozi bwumuteguro biterwa no gukomeza kunoza ubumenyi bwamakuru muri rusange.
- Ongera uhindure imishinga yibanze yubucuruzi. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya interineti yibintu ntabwo ari ishami rya IT gusa. Ikoranabuhanga ryonyine ntirishobora gufungura ubushobozi no gukora agaciro ka enterineti. Gusa muguhindura imikorere yimikorere nibikorwa byubucuruzi birashobora kuvugurura imikorere.
- Guteza imbere imikoranire. Imiterere ya iot iriho ubu, yiganjemo ibice, byeguriwe, biterwa na ecosysteme yibidukikije, bigabanya ubushobozi bwa iot bwo gupima no guhuza, bikabuza kohereza iot kandi bigatwara ibiciro. Abakoresha ba rwiyemezamirimo barashobora gukoresha imikoranire nkigipimo cyamasoko kugirango bateze imbere imikoranire ya sisitemu ya iot hamwe na platform ku rugero runaka.Guteza imbere imikoranire. Imiterere ya iot iriho ubu, yiganjemo ibice, byeguriwe, biterwa na ecosysteme yibidukikije, bigabanya ubushobozi bwa iot bwo gupima no guhuza, bikabuza kohereza iot kandi bigatwara ibiciro. Abakoresha imishinga barashobora gukoresha imikoranire nkigipimo cyamasoko kugirango bateze imbere imikoranire ya sisitemu ya iot hamwe na platform kurwego runaka.
- Shiraho gahunda yibidukikije. Ibigo bigomba kwihatira kwiyubakira ibidukikije. Kurugero, dukwiye guha umwanya wambere umutekano wurusobe kuva kumunsi wambere, guhitamo abatanga isoko byizewe, no kubaka uburyo bwo gucunga umutekano wurusobe muburyo bubiri bwibisubizo bya tekiniki hamwe nubuyobozi bwibigo kugirango umutekano wibintu birangire.
Muri rusange, McKinsey yizera ko interineti yibintu, nubwo ikura buhoro buhoro kuruta uko byari byitezwe, izakomeza guha agaciro gakomeye ubukungu n’imibereho. Ibintu bidindiza kandi bidindiza iterambere rya interineti yibintu ntabwo ikoranabuhanga ubwaryo cyangwa kubura ikizere, ahubwo ni ibibazo byimikorere nibidukikije. Niba intambwe ikurikira yiterambere rya iot irashobora gusunikwa imbere nkuko byateganijwe biterwa nuburyo imishinga iot nabakoresha bakoresha ibyo bintu bibi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-22-2021