Nigute wakoresha amahirwe ya interineti y'ibintu muri 2022?

(Icyitonderwa cy'umwanditsi: Iyi nkuru, yakuwe muri ulinkmedia.)

Muri raporo yayo iheruka, “Interineti y’ibintu: Gufata amahirwe yihuta,” McKinsey yavuguruye uburyo yumva isoko rihagaze, yemera ko nubwo ryazamutse cyane mu myaka mike ishize, isoko ryananiwe kugera ku biteganijwe ko rizazamuka mu 2015. Muri iki gihe, ikoreshwa rya interineti y’ibintu mu bigo rihura n’imbogamizi zikomoka ku buyobozi, ikiguzi, impano, umutekano w’umuyoboro n’ibindi bintu.

Raporo ya McKinsey yitonze kugira ngo isobanure interineti y'ibintu nk'urusobe rw'ibikoresho bikorana na sisitemu z'ikoranabuhanga zishobora gukurikirana cyangwa gucunga ubuzima n'ubuzima bw'ibintu n'imashini bifitanye isano. Ibikoresho bikorana bishobora kandi kugenzura isi karemano, imyitwarire y'abantu n'inyamaswa.

Muri ubu busobanuro, McKinsey ntagaragaza icyiciro kinini cya sisitemu aho sensors zose zigenewe kwakira ibitekerezo by'abantu (nk'amatelefone agezweho na PCS).

None se ni iki gikurikira kuri interineti y’ibintu? McKinsey yizera ko inzira y’iterambere rya iot, ndetse n’ibidukikije by’imbere n’inyuma, yahindutse cyane kuva mu 2015, bityo igasesengura ibintu bishya n’ibishya kandi igatanga inama ku iterambere.

Hari ibintu bitatu by’ingenzi birimo kwihuta cyane ku isoko rya iot:

• Kubona Agaciro: Abakiriya bakoze imishinga ya iot bagenda babona agaciro k'ikoreshwa, ibi bikaba ari iterambere rikomeye ugereranyije n'inyigo ya McKinsey yo mu 2015.
• Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga: Bitewe n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga, ikoranabuhanga ntirikiri ingorabahizi mu gukoresha sisitemu za iot ku rwego runini. Ikoranabuhanga ryihuse, ikiguzi cyo kubika gigabanuka, ubuzima bwa bateri burushaho kuba bwiza, iterambere mu kwiga imashini… Birimo kuyobora interineti y'ibintu.
• Ingaruka za network: Kuva kuri 4G kugeza kuri 5G, umubare w'ibikoresho bihujwe waraturitse, kandi umuvuduko, ubushobozi, n'igihe gito bya protocole zitandukanye za network byose byiyongereye.

Hari ibintu bitanu bikurura abantu, ari byo bibazo n'ingorane iterambere rya interineti y'ibintu muri rusange rigomba guhangana na byo.

• Uburyo Ubuyobozi Bubona: Muri rusange amasosiyete abona interineti y'ibintu nk'ikoranabuhanga aho kuba impinduka mu buryo bw'ubucuruzi bwayo. Kubwibyo, iyo umushinga w'ikoranabuhanga uyobowe n'ishami ry'ikoranabuhanga, ikoranabuhanga rigorana kuzana impinduka zikenewe mu myitwarire, inzira, imicungire, n'imikorere.
• Gukorana: Interineti y'ibintu ntabwo iri hose, igihe cyose, ifite urugendo rurerure, ariko hari ibidukikije byinshi byitwa "smokestack" ku isoko rya iot muri iki gihe.
• Ikiguzi cyo Gushyiramo: Abakoresha benshi b'ibigo n'abaguzi babona gushyiraho ibisubizo bya iot nk'imwe mu ngorane zikomeye z'ikiguzi. Ibi bifitanye isano n'ikibazo cyabayeho mbere, imikoranire, byongerera ingorabahizi mu gushyiraho.
• Umutekano wa interineti: Guverinoma nyinshi, ibigo n'abakoresha barimo kwita ku mutekano wa interineti y'ibintu, kandi aho interineti y'ibintu hirya no hino ku isi itanga amahirwe menshi ku bajura b'amakuru.
• Ubuzima bwite bw'amakuru: Bitewe no gushimangira amategeko yo kurinda amakuru mu bihugu bitandukanye, ubuzima bwite bwabaye ikibazo gikomeye ku bigo byinshi n'abaguzi.

Mu gihe cy'umuyaga uhuha cyane n'umuyaga uturutse inyuma, McKinsey itanga intambwe zirindwi zo gushyira mu bikorwa imishinga minini ya iot neza:

1. Sobanura uruhererekane rw'ibyemezo n'abafata ibyemezo mu mishinga ya Internet of Things. Muri iki gihe, ibigo byinshi ntabwo bifite abafata ibyemezo basobanutse ku mishinga ya iot, kandi ububasha bwo gufata ibyemezo buri mu nzego zitandukanye n'amashami y'ubucuruzi. Abafata ibyemezo basobanutse ni ingenzi kugira ngo imishinga ya iot igere ku ntsinzi.
2. Tekereza ku rugero kuva mu ntangiriro. Incuro nyinshi, amasosiyete akururwa n'ikoranabuhanga rishya maze akibanda ku igerageza, rigera mu "guterura piloti" y'igerageza rihoraho.
3. Gira ubutwari bwo kwishyira mu bikorwa. Udafite uburyo bworoshye bwo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga cyangwa uburyo bushobora guteza akaga, gukoresha no gukoresha ibisubizo byinshi icyarimwe bituma bigora ibigo guhindura imiterere y'ubucuruzi bwabyo n'imikorere yabyo kugira ngo birusheho kugira agaciro.
4. Shora imari mu mpano za tekiniki. Inzira yo gukemura ikibazo cy’ibura ry’impano za tekiniki kuri interineti y’ibintu si abakandida, ahubwo ni abashaka akazi bavuga ururimi rwa tekiniki kandi bafite ubumenyi mu bucuruzi bwa tekiniki. Nubwo injeniyeri z’amakuru n’abahanga mu bya siyansi bakomeye ari ingenzi, iterambere ry’ubushobozi bw’ikigo rishingira ku kunoza ubumenyi bw’amakuru mu nzego zose.
5. Kuvugurura imiterere n'imikorere y'ingenzi y'ubucuruzi. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'imishinga ya Internet of Things si iy'ishami ry'ikoranabuhanga gusa. Ikoranabuhanga ryonyine ntirishobora gufungura ubushobozi no guha agaciro Internet of Things. Kuvugurura imiterere n'imikorere y'ubucuruzi ni byo byonyine bishobora kugira ingaruka.
6. Guteza imbere imikoranire. Imiterere ya iot iriho ubu, yiganjemo ibice, byihariye, bishingiye ku kwinjizwa kwa vlocation, igabanya ubushobozi bwa iot bwo kwagura no guhuza, ibangamira ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya iot kandi ikongera ikiguzi. Abakoresha ibigo bashobora gukoresha imikoranire nk'igipimo cyo gutanga amasoko kugira ngo bateze imbere imikoranire ya sisitemu na platforme za iot ku rugero runaka. Guteza imbere imikoranire. Imiterere ya iot iriho ubu, yiganjemo ibice, byihariye, bishingiye ku kwinjizwa kwa vlocation, igabanya ubushobozi bwa iot bwo kwagura no guhuza, ibangamira ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya iot kandi ikongera ikiguzi. Abakoresha ibigo bashobora gukoresha imikoranire nk'igipimo cyo gutanga amasoko kugira ngo bateze imbere imikoranire ya sisitemu na platforme za iot ku rugero runaka.
7. Guhindura ibidukikije by’ibigo mu buryo bufatika. Ibigo bigomba kwihatira kubaka ibidukikije byabyo. Urugero, tugomba gushyira imbere umutekano w’imiyoboro kuva ku munsi wa mbere, tugahitamo abatanga serivisi bizewe, kandi tukubaka urwego rwo gucunga ingaruka z’umutekano w’imiyoboro uhereye ku ngingo ebyiri z’ibisubizo bya tekiniki n’imiyoborere y’ibigo kugira ngo dukomeze umutekano wa interineti y’ibintu kuva ku mpera kugeza ku mpera.

Muri rusange, McKinsey yizera ko interineti y’ibintu, nubwo ikura buhoro ugereranyije n’uko byari byitezwe, izakomeza kubyara agaciro gakomeye mu bukungu no mu mibereho myiza y’abaturage. Ibintu bidindiza kandi bikabangamira iterambere rya interineti y’ibintu si ikoranabuhanga ubwaryo cyangwa kutizera, ahubwo ni ibibazo by’imikorere n’ibidukikije. Niba intambwe ikurikiraho yo guteza imbere iy’ibintu ishobora gutezwa imbere nk’uko byari byitezwe biterwa n’uburyo ibigo n’abakoresha iy’ibintu bakemura ibi bibazo bibi.