Inzu y'ubwenge ni inzu nk'urubuga, ikoreshwa ry'ikoranabuhanga ry'insinga, ikoranabuhanga ry'itumanaho ry'umuyoboro, ikoranabuhanga ry'umutekano, ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura ikoranabuhanga ryikora, ikoranabuhanga ry'amajwi n'amashusho kugira ngo ihuze ibikorwa remezo by'ubuzima bw'urugo, gahunda yo kubaka amazu meza n'uburyo bwo gucunga ibibazo by'umuryango, kunoza umutekano w'urugo, korohereza, ihumure, ubuhanga, no kurengera ibidukikije no kubungabunga ibidukikije bizigama ingufu. Dushingiye ku bisobanuro biheruka by'inzu y'ubwenge, reba imiterere y'ikoranabuhanga rya ZigBee, imiterere y'iyi sisitemu, ikenewe muri iyi ikubiyemo sisitemu y'urugo y'ubwenge (sisitemu yo kugenzura inzu y'ubwenge (yo hagati), sisitemu yo kugenzura amatara yo mu rugo, sisitemu y'umutekano wo mu rugo), hashingiwe ku sisitemu y'insinga zo mu rugo, sisitemu y'umuyoboro wo mu rugo, sisitemu y'umuziki inyuma na sisitemu yo kugenzura ibidukikije by'umuryango. Dukurikije kwemeza ko iba mu bwenge, yashyizeho sisitemu zose zikenewe gusa, kandi sisitemu y'urugo yashyizeho sisitemu y'ubwoko bumwe cyangwa burenzeho nibura ishobora kwita ubuzima bw'ubwenge. Kubwibyo, iyi sisitemu ishobora kwitwa inzu y'ubwenge.
1. Gahunda yo Gushushanya Sisitemu
Iyi sisitemu igizwe n'ibikoresho bigenzurwa n'ibikoresho bigenzurwa mu rugo. Muri byo, ibikoresho bigenzurwa mu muryango birimo mudasobwa ishobora kugera kuri interineti, ikigo cy'igenzura, agace k'igenzura n'icyuma gicunga ibikoresho byo mu rugo gishobora kongerwamo. Ibikoresho bicunga ikoranabuhanga bigizwe ahanini na mudasobwa zigenzurwa na telefoni zigendanwa.
Imirimo y'ingenzi ya sisitemu ni: 1) urupapuro rw'ibanze rw'urubuga, gucunga amakuru y'inyuma; 2) Kumenya kugenzura ibikoresho byo mu rugo byo mu nzu, umutekano n'amatara binyuze kuri interineti na telefoni igendanwa; 3) Binyuze muri module ya RFID kugira ngo umenye umukoresha, kugira ngo urangize guhindura uburyo umutekano wo mu nzu, mu gihe wibwe binyuze mu butumwa bwa SMS; 4) Binyuze muri porogaramu ya sisitemu yo gucunga igenzura kugira ngo urangize kwerekana aho amatara yo mu nzu n'ibikoresho byo mu rugo biri; 5) Kubika amakuru bwite no kubika amakuru y'ibikoresho byo mu nzu bikorwa hakoreshejwe ububiko bw'amakuru. Biroroshye ko abakoresha babaza uko ibikoresho byo mu nzu bimeze binyuze muri sisitemu yo kugenzura no gucunga igenzura.
2. Igishushanyo mbonera cy'ibikoresho bya sisitemu
Imiterere y'ibikoresho bya sisitemu irimo igishushanyo mbonera cy'ikigo cy'igenzura, aho kugenzura no kongeramo igikoresho cyo mu rugo (urugero nk'icyitegererezo cy'umufana w'amashanyarazi).
2.1 Ikigo cy'Ubugenzuzi
Imirimo y'ingenzi y'ikigo cy'ubugenzuzi ni iyi ikurikira: 1) Kubaka umuyoboro wa ZigBee udafite umugozi, kongeramo utudomo twose two kugenzura kuri umuyoboro, no kumenya uburyo ibikoresho bishya byakirwa; 2) kumenya umukoresha, umukoresha ari mu rugo cyangwa agarutse binyuze ku ikarita kugira ngo agire umutekano wo mu nzu; 3) Iyo umujura yinjiye mu cyumba, ohereza ubutumwa bugufi ku mukoresha kugira ngo agutere ubwoba. Abakoresha bashobora kandi kugenzura umutekano wo mu nzu, amatara n'ibikoresho byo mu rugo binyuze mu butumwa bugufi; 4) Iyo sisitemu ikora yonyine, LCD yerekana uko sisitemu imeze ubu, byoroshye ku bakoresha kuyireba; 5) Kubika imiterere y'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi hanyuma ubyohereze kuri mudasobwa kugira ngo sisitemu ikore kuri interineti.
Ibikoresho bifasha Carrier sense multiple access/Collision detection (CSMA/CA). Voltage y'imikorere ya 2.0 ~ 3.6V ituma sisitemu ikoresha ingufu nke. Shyiraho umuyoboro wa ZigBee star udafite insinga imbere uhuza na module ya ZigBee coordinator iri mu kigo cy'igenzura. Kandi nodes zose zo kugenzura, zatoranijwe kugira ngo wongereho umuyoboro w'ibikoresho byo mu rugo nk'agace ka terminal muri network kugira ngo wifatanye na network, kugira ngo ukoreshe umuyoboro wa ZigBee udafite insinga ugenzura umutekano wo mu nzu n'ibikoresho byo mu rugo.
2.2 Utuzu two Gukurikirana
Imirimo y'agace k'ubugenzuzi ni iyi ikurikira: 1) kumenya ibimenyetso by'umubiri w'umuntu, amajwi n'intabaza y'urumuri iyo abajura bateye; 2) kugenzura amatara, uburyo bwo kugenzura bugabanyijemo uburyo bwo kugenzura bwikora n'ubwo kugenzura intoki, kugenzura bwikora bifungura/bizimya urumuri mu buryo bwikora hakurikijwe imbaraga z'urumuri rwo mu nzu, kugenzura amatara hakoreshejwe intoki binyura muri sisitemu yo kugenzura hagati, (3) amakuru y'intabaza n'andi makuru yoherezwa mu kigo cy'ubugenzuzi, kandi bigahabwa amabwiriza yo kugenzura avuye mu kigo cy'ubugenzuzi kugira ngo birangize kugenzura ibikoresho.
Uburyo bwo gutahura ibimenyetso bya infrared hamwe na mikoroonde ni bwo buryo busanzwe bwo kumenya ibimenyetso by'umubiri w'umuntu. Imashini ya infrared ya pyroelectric ni RE200B, naho igikoresho cyo kongera imbaraga ni BISS0001. RE200B ikoresha voltage ya 3-10 V kandi ifite infrared ya pyroelectric ifite imiterere ibiri. Iyo infrared ibonye urumuri rwa infrared, ingaruka z'amashanyarazi zizagaragara ku mpera za buri ntera maze umuriro ukaziyongera. BISS0001 ni digital-analog hybrid asIC igizwe na amplifier y'imikorere, voltage comparator, state controller, delay time time na blocking time time. Hamwe na RE200B n'ibindi bice bike, switch ya infrared ya pyroelectric passive irashobora gukorwa. Ant-g100 module yakoreshejwe kuri micro-sensor, frequency yo hagati yari 10 GHz, kandi igihe ntarengwa cyo gushyiraho cyari 6μs. Hamwe na pyroelectric infrared module, igipimo cy'amakosa yo kumenya intego gishobora kugabanuka neza.
Module yo kugenzura urumuri igizwe ahanini na resistor ishobora gufotora n'urumuri. Huza resistor ishobora gufotora mu buryo bukurikiranye na resistor ishobora guhindurwa ya 10 K ω, hanyuma uhuze indi mpera ya resistor ishobora gufotora n'ubutaka, hanyuma uhuze indi mpera ya resistor ishobora guhindurwa n'urwego rwo hejuru. Agaciro k'amashanyarazi y'ingingo ebyiri zo guhuza resistor kaboneka binyuze muri SCM analog-to-digital converter kugira ngo hamenyekane niba urumuri rw'ubu rurimo. Resistor ishobora guhindurwa n'umukoresha kugira ngo ihuze n'ubukana bw'urumuri iyo urumuri rumaze gucanwa. Amatara yo mu nzu agenzurwa na relay. Umuyoboro umwe gusa w'injira/isohoka ni wo ushobora kugerwaho.
2.3 Hitamo igenzura ry'ibikoresho byo mu rugo byongewemo
Hitamo kongeramo uburyo bwo kugenzura ibikoresho byo mu rugo bitewe ahanini n'imikorere y'igikoresho kugira ngo ugere ku igenzura ry'igikoresho, hano ku mufana w'amashanyarazi nk'urugero. Uburyo bwo kugenzura umufana ni bwo ikigo cy'ubuyobozi kizaba amabwiriza yo kugenzura umufana wa PC yohererezwa umufana w'amashanyarazi binyuze mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya ZigBee network, inomero zitandukanye zo kumenyekanisha ibikoresho ziratandukanye, urugero, ingingo z'aya masezerano nimero yo kumenyekanisha umufana ni 122, inomero yo kumenyekanisha televiziyo y'amabara yo mu rugo ni 123, bityo bigatuma habaho kumenya ahantu hatandukanye ho kugenzura ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi byo mu rugo. Kuri kode imwe y'amabwiriza, ibikoresho bitandukanye byo mu rugo bikora imirimo itandukanye. Ishusho ya 4 igaragaza imiterere y'ibikoresho byo mu rugo byatoranijwe kugira ngo byongerwemo.
3. Gushushanya porogaramu za sisitemu
Igishushanyo mbonera cya porogaramu ya sisitemu kirimo ibice bitandatu, ari byo igishushanyo mbonera cy’urubuga rwa interineti rwo kugenzura kure, igishushanyo mbonera cya sisitemu yo gucunga igenzura hagati, igishushanyo mbonera cy’ikigo cy’ubuyobozi cy’ibanze cy’igenzura ATMegal28, igishushanyo mbonera cya porogaramu y’umuhuzabikorwa wa CC2430, igishushanyo mbonera cya porogaramu y’ubugenzuzi bwa CC2430, igishushanyo mbonera cya porogaramu y’ibikoresho byo kugenzura CC2430, igishushanyo mbonera cya porogaramu yo kongeramo ibikoresho bya CC2430.
3.1 Igishushanyo mbonera cya gahunda y'umuhuzabikorwa wa ZigBee
Umuhuzabikorwa abanza kurangiza gutangiza porogaramu, agashyiraho imiterere y’urwego rwa porogaramu hanyuma agakira imiterere yayo ku buryo butaziguye, hanyuma agafungura interrupts mpuzamahanga hanyuma agatangiza port ya I/O. Umuhuzabikorwa atangira kubaka umuyoboro w’inyenyeri udafite umugozi. Muri protocole, umuhuzabikorwa ahitamo mu buryo bwikora umurongo wa 2.4 GHz, umubare ntarengwa wa bits ku isegonda ni 62 500, PANID isanzwe ni 0 × 1347, uburebure ntarengwa bwa stack ni 5, umubare ntarengwa wa bytes kuri buri kohereza ni 93, naho igipimo cya serial port baud ni 57 600 bit / s. SL0W TIMER ikora interrupts 10 ku isegonda. Nyuma y’uko umuyoboro wa ZigBee ushyizweho neza, umuhuzabikorwa yohereza aderesi ye kuri MCU y’ikigo cy’igenzura. Aha, ikigo cy’igenzura MCU kigaragaza Umuhuzabikorwa wa ZigBee nk’umunyamuryango wa node yo kugenzura, kandi aderesi yayo yamenyekanye ni 0. Porogaramu yinjira mu murongo mukuru. Ubwa mbere, menya niba hari amakuru mashya yoherejwe na node ya terminal, niba ihari, amakuru yoherezwa mu buryo butaziguye kuri MCU y’ikigo cy’igenzura; Menya niba MCU yo mu kigo cy’ubugenzuzi ifite amabwiriza yoherejwe, niba ari yo, ohereza amabwiriza yoherejwe kuri node ya ZigBee ijyanye nayo; Suzuma niba umutekano ufunguye, niba hari umujura, niba ari yo, ohereza amakuru y’itangazo kuri MCU yo mu kigo cy’ubugenzuzi; Suzuma niba urumuri ruri mu buryo bwikora bwo kugenzura, niba ari yo, fungura converter ya analog-to-digital kugira ngo ufate ingero, agaciro k’ingero ni urufunguzo rwo gucana cyangwa kuzimya urumuri, niba imiterere y’urumuri ihindutse, amakuru mashya yoherezwa mu kigo cy’ubugenzuzi MC-U.
3.2 Porogaramu ya ZigBee Terminal Node
Node ya ZigBee terminal ivuga ku ruziga rwa ZigBee rudakoresha insinga rugenzurwa n'umuhuzabikorwa wa ZigBee. Muri sisitemu, ahanini ni node yo kugenzura no kongeramo umugenzuzi w'ibikoresho byo mu rugo. Gutangiza node za ZigBee terminal bikubiyemo no gutangiza porogaramu, gufungura interrupts, no gutangiza ports za I/O. Hanyuma gerageza kwinjira kuri network ya ZigBee. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko node zo ku mpera zifite ZigBee coordinator setting ari zo zemerewe kwinjira kuri network. Iyo node ya ZigBee terminal inaniwe kwinjira kuri network, izongera kugerageza buri masegonda abiri kugeza igeze kuri network neza. Nyuma yo kwinjira kuri network neza, node ya ZI-Gbee terminal yohereza amakuru yayo yo kwiyandikisha kuri ZigBee Coordinator, hanyuma ayohereza kuri MCU y'ikigo cy'ubugenzuzi kugira ngo arangize kwandika node ya ZigBee terminal. Niba node ya ZigBee terminal ari node yo kugenzura, ishobora kugenzura urumuri n'umutekano. Iyi gahunda isa n'umuhuzabikorwa wa ZigBee, uretse ko node yo kugenzura igomba kohereza amakuru ku muhuzabikorwa wa ZigBee, hanyuma Umuhuzabikorwa wa ZigBee akohereza amakuru kuri MCU y'ikigo cy'ubugenzuzi. Niba node ya terminal ya ZigBee ari umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, ikenera gusa kwakira amakuru ya mudasobwa yo hejuru idashyizeho imiterere yayo, bityo kugenzura kwayo gushobora kurangizwa mu buryo butaziguye mu guhagarika kwakira amakuru ya wireless. Mu guhagarika kwakira amakuru ya wireless, node zose za terminal zihindura amabwiriza yo kugenzura yakiriwe mu bipimo by'ubugenzuzi bya node ubwayo, kandi ntizitunganya amabwiriza ya wireless yakiriwe muri porogaramu nyamukuru ya node.
4 Gukosora amakosa kuri interineti
Amabwiriza yiyongera ku mabwiriza y’ibikoresho bidahinduka bitangwa na sisitemu yo gucunga igenzura yo hagati yoherezwa kuri MCU y’ikigo cy’igenzura binyuze kuri porte y’uruhererekane rwa mudasobwa, no kuri coordinateur binyuze kuri interface y’imirongo ibiri, hanyuma kuri node ya terminal ya ZigBee n’umuhuza. Iyo node ya terminal yakiriye amakuru, amakuru yoherezwa kuri mudasobwa binyuze kuri porte y’uruhererekane. Kuri iyi mudasobwa, amakuru yakirwa na node ya terminal ya ZigBee agereranywa n’amakuru yoherezwa n’ikigo cy’igenzura. Sisitemu yo gucunga igenzura yo hagati yohereza amabwiriza 2 buri segonda. Nyuma y’amasaha 5 yo gupima, porogaramu yo gupima irahagarara iyo igaragaza ko umubare wose w’amapaki yakiriwe ari paki 36.000. Ibisubizo by’ibizamini bya porogaramu yo gupima amakuru ya protocole nyinshi bigaragazwa ku Ishusho ya 6. Umubare w’amapaki akwiye ni 36.000, umubare w’amapaki atari yo ni 0, kandi igipimo cy’ubunyangamugayo ni 100%.
Ikoranabuhanga rya ZigBee rikoreshwa mu gushyira mu bikorwa imikoranire y’imbere mu rugo rugezweho, rufite ibyiza byo kugenzura kure byoroshye, kongeramo ibikoresho bishya byoroshye no kugenzura neza. Ikoranabuhanga rya RFTD rikoreshwa mu kumenya abakoresha no kunoza umutekano wa sisitemu. Binyuze mu gukoresha module ya GSM, imikorere ya remote control n'iy'ibitangaza irakorwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-06-2022