Muri iki gikombe cy'isi, "umusifuzi w'umuhanga" ni kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi cyane. SAOT ihuza amakuru y'ikibuga, amategeko y'umukino na AI kugira ngo ifate ibyemezo byihuse kandi nyabyo ku bibazo bya offside.
Nubwo abafana ibihumbi n'ibihumbi bishimiye cyangwa binubiraga amashusho ya 3-D animation replays, ibitekerezo byanjye byakurikiye insinga z'umuyoboro n'imigozi y'urumuri inyuma ya televiziyo kugeza ku muyoboro w'itumanaho.
Kugira ngo abafana babone uburyo bworoshye kandi busobanutse neza bwo kureba, hari impinduramatwara y’ubwenge isa na SAOT irimo gukorwa mu itumanaho.
Muri 2025, L4 izaba igezweho
Itegeko ryo kureka umupira rigoye, kandi biragoye cyane ko umusifuzi afata icyemezo gikwiye mu kanya gato ukurikije imiterere y’ikibuga igoye kandi ihindagurika. Kubwibyo, ibyemezo byo kureka umupira bikunze kugaragara mu mikino y’umupira w’amaguru.
Mu buryo nk'ubwo, imiyoboro y'itumanaho ni sisitemu zigoye cyane, kandi kwishingikiriza ku buryo bw'abantu mu gusesengura, gucira imanza, gusana no kunoza imiyoboro mu myaka mike ishize bisaba umutungo mwinshi kandi bishobora no gutuma abantu bakora amakosa.
Igikomeye kurushaho ni uko muri iki gihe cy’ubukungu bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga, kubera ko umuyoboro w’itumanaho wabaye ishingiro ry’impinduka mu ikoranabuhanga ry’imiyoboro n’ibigo by’ubucuruzi ibihumbi, ibyo ubucuruzi bukeneye byarushijeho kuba byinshi kandi bihindagurika, kandi umutekano, ukwizerwa no gukomera kw’umuyoboro birakenewe cyane, kandi uburyo busanzwe bwo gukora imirimo n’ibikorwa by’abantu no kubungabunga biragoye cyane.
Gufata nabi umuntu utari ku ruhande bishobora kugira ingaruka ku musaruro w'umukino wose, ariko ku rubuga rw'itumanaho, "gufata nabi" bishobora gutuma umukoresha atakaza amahirwe yo ku isoko ahinduka vuba, bigatuma umusaruro w'ibigo uhagarara, ndetse bikanagira ingaruka ku iterambere ry'imibereho myiza n'ubukungu.
Nta yandi mahitamo ahari. Umuyoboro ugomba kuba wikora kandi ufite ubwenge. Muri uru rwego, abakora ibikorwa bikomeye ku isi bavuze ko umuyoboro w’ikoranabuhanga wikora ku giti cyabo. Nk’uko raporo y’itsinda ritatu ibivuga, 91% by’abakora ibikorwa ku isi bashyize imiyoboro y’ikoranabuhanga mu igenamigambi ryabo, kandi abayobozi barenga 10 batangaje intego yabo yo kugera kuri L4 bitarenze 2025.
Muri zo, China Mobile iri mu nzira y’ingenzi muri izi mpinduka. Mu 2021, China Mobile yasohoye inyandiko yera ku muyoboro w’ubwenge bwite, itanga ku nshuro ya mbere mu nganda intego yo kugera ku rwego rwa L4 mu 2025, itanga igitekerezo cyo kubaka ubushobozi bwo gukoresha umuyoboro no kuwubungabunga, "kwiyubaka, kwisana no kwiyubaka" imbere, no guha abakiriya uburambe "bwo gutegereza nta gutegereza, gutsindwa nta gutsindwa nta no kuvugana na we" hanze.
Kwiyitirira interineti bisa n' "Umusifuzi w'ubwenge"
SAOT igizwe na kamera, sensors zo mu mupira na sisitemu za AI. Kamera na sensors ziri mu mupira zikusanya amakuru mu buryo bwuzuye kandi bufatika, mu gihe sisitemu ya AI isesengura amakuru mu buryo bufatika kandi ikabara neza aho iherereye. Sisitemu ya AI inashyiramo amategeko y'umukino kugira ngo ikore amajwi ya offside hakurikijwe amategeko.
Hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe bisa hagati yo gukoresha uburyo bwo kwihutisha amakuru (network autointellectualization) no gushyira mu bikorwa SAOT:
Ubwa mbere, umuyoboro n'uburyo bwo kubona ibintu bigomba guhuzwa cyane kugira ngo bikusanyirize mu buryo bwuzuye kandi bufatika umutungo w'umuyoboro, imiterere yawo, uko serivisi ihagaze, amakosa, inyandiko n'andi makuru kugira ngo bitange amakuru menshi yo guhugura no gutekereza ku ikoranabuhanga rya AI. Ibi bihuye na SAOT ikusanya amakuru aturutse kuri kamera na sensors ziri mu mupira.
Icya kabiri, ni ngombwa gushyiramo ubunararibonye bwinshi mu gukuraho no kunoza inzitizi, ibitabo by'imikorere n'isukura, ibisobanuro n'andi makuru muri sisitemu ya AI mu buryo bumwe kugira ngo isesengura ryikora, ifate ibyemezo kandi ishyirwe mu bikorwa. Ni nk'aho SAOT ishyira itegeko rya offside muri sisitemu ya AI.
Byongeye kandi, kubera ko umuyoboro w'itumanaho ugizwe n'amadosiye menshi, urugero, gufungura, guhagarika no kunoza serivisi iyo ari yo yose igendanwa bishobora gukorwa gusa binyuze mu bufatanye hagati y'amadosiye menshi nka interineti idafite umugozi, umuyoboro wo kohereza ubutumwa n'umuyoboro w'ibanze, kandi ubuhanga bwo kwikorera ku muyoboro nabwo bukeneye "ubufatanye hagati y'amadosiye menshi". Ibi bisa n'uko SAOT ikeneye gukusanya amakuru ya videwo na sensor mu byiciro bitandukanye kugira ngo ifate ibyemezo nyabyo.
Ariko, umuyoboro w'itumanaho uragoye cyane kurusha imiterere y'ikibuga cy'umupira w'amaguru, kandi imiterere y'ubucuruzi si "igihano kimwe cya offside", ahubwo ni ahantu hatandukanye cyane kandi hahindagurika. Uretse ibintu bitatu bisa byavuzwe haruguru, ibintu bikurikira bigomba kwitabwaho iyo umuyoboro ugana ku buhanga bwo hejuru bwo kwikora:
Ubwa mbere, ibikoresho bya cloud, network na NE bigomba guhuzwa na AI. Cloud ikusanya amakuru menshi mu buryo bwose, ikomeza guhugura AI no gukora moderi, kandi igatanga moderi za AI ku bikoresho bya network na NE; Network layer ifite ubushobozi bwo guhugura no gutekereza, bushobora gukora automatike ifunganye mu buryo bumwe. Nes ishobora gusesengura no gufata ibyemezo hafi y’aho amakuru aturuka, ikemeza ko ibibazo bikemuka mu buryo nyabwo kandi igatanga serivisi nziza.
Icya kabiri, amahame ahuriweho hamwe n'imikoranire y'inganda. Umuyoboro w'ubwenge bwite ni ikoranabuhanga ritoroshye, rigizwe n'ibikoresho byinshi, imicungire y'umuyoboro na porogaramu, hamwe n'abatanga serivisi benshi, kandi biragoye guhuza imiyoboro, itumanaho hagati y'inzego zitandukanye n'ibindi bibazo. Hagati aho, imiryango myinshi, nka TM Forum, 3GPP, ITU na CCSA, irimo guteza imbere amahame ahuriweho n'ubwenge bwite, kandi hari ikibazo cyo gucikamo ibice mu gushyiraho amahame. Ni ngombwa kandi ko inganda zikorana kugira ngo zishyireho amahame ahuriweho kandi afunguye nko kubaka, guhuza no gusuzuma.
Icya gatatu, guhindura impano. Umuyoboro w’ubwenge si impinduka mu ikoranabuhanga gusa, ahubwo ni n’impinduka mu mpano, umuco n’imiterere y’ikigo, bisaba ko imirimo yo gukora no kubungabunga ihinduka kuva ku “guhuza imikorere” kugera ku “guhuza ubucuruzi”, abakozi bo gukora no kubungabunga bahinduka bakava ku muco w’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bakajya ku muco wa porogaramu, kandi bakava ku murimo uhora ukorwa ukajya ku muco w’ubuhanzi.
L3 iri mu nzira
Umuyoboro wa Autointelligence uri he muri iki gihe? Ese twegereye L4 gute? Igisubizo gishobora kuboneka mu manza eshatu zatanzwe na Lu Hongju, perezida wa Huawei Public Development, mu ijambo rye mu nama y’ubufatanye mpuzamahanga ya China Mobile 2022.
Abahanga mu by’ubutabire bw’imiyoboro y’itumanaho bose bazi ko umuyoboro wagutse w’urugo ari wo mubare munini w’ibibazo bikomeye by’imikorere n’ibikorwa by’umukoresha, wenda nta muntu n’umwe. Ugizwe n’umuyoboro w’urugo, umuyoboro wa ODN, umuyoboro w’abatwara imizigo n’izindi domaine. Umuyoboro uragoye, kandi hari ibikoresho byinshi bidakora neza. Buri gihe hari ibibazo nko kubona serivisi idakora neza, gusubiza buhoro, no gukemura ibibazo bigoye.
Kubera izo ngingo zikomeye, China Mobile yakoranye na Huawei muri Henan, Guangdong, Zhejiang n'izindi ntara. Mu rwego rwo kunoza serivisi za interineti, hashingiwe ku bufatanye bw'ibikoresho by'ubwenge n'ikigo cy'ubuziranenge, yabonye uburyo bwo kubona neza ubunararibonye bw'abakoresha no gushyira neza ibibazo by'ubuziranenge. Igipimo cyo kunoza abakoresha ubuziranenge cyariyongereye kigera kuri 83%, kandi igipimo cyo gutsinda kwa FTTR, Gigabit n'ibindi bigo by'ubucuruzi cyongerewe kiva kuri 3% kigera kuri 10%. Mu rwego rwo gukuraho inzitizi ku muyoboro w'ikoranabuhanga, kumenya neza ibyago byihishe muri iyo nzira bigerwaho binyuze mu gukuramo amakuru aranga fibre ya optique ikwirakwira hamwe na AI moderi, ku buryo bungana na 97%.
Mu rwego rwo guteza imbere ibidukikije no kunoza imikorere, kuzigama ingufu z'umuyoboro ni cyo cyerekezo cy'ingenzi cy'abakoresha ubu. Ariko, bitewe n'imiterere y'umuyoboro udafite insinga, guhuza no gutwikira imiyoboro myinshi n'iy'ibipimo byinshi, ubucuruzi bw'uturemangingo mu bihe bitandukanye buhinduka cyane uko igihe kigenda. Kubwibyo, ntibishoboka kwishingikiriza ku buryo bw'ubukorano kugira ngo habeho kuzigama neza ingufu.
Mu guhangana n'ibibazo, impande zombi zakoranye mu ntara za Anhui, Yunnan, Henan n'izindi mu rwego rw'imicungire y'umuyoboro n'urwego rw'ibice by'umuyoboro kugira ngo bigabanye ikoreshwa ry'ingufu rya sitasiyo imwe ku kigero cya 10% bitagize ingaruka ku mikorere y'umuyoboro n'uburambe bw'umukoresha. Urwego rw'imicungire y'umuyoboro rushyiraho kandi rutanga ingamba zo kuzigama ingufu hashingiwe ku makuru menshi y'umuyoboro wose. Urwego rwa NE rubona kandi ruhanura impinduka mu bucuruzi mu kagari mu gihe nyacyo, kandi rushyira mu bikorwa neza ingamba zo kuzigama ingufu nko kuzimya umuyoboro no kuzimya ibimenyetso.
Ntibigoye kubona muri ibi bihe byavuzwe haruguru ko, kimwe n'"umusifuzi w'umunyabwenge" mu mukino w'umupira w'amaguru, itumanaho rigenda rirushaho kwiyubaka binyuze mu bice runaka no mu karere kamwe gafite ubwisanzure binyuze mu "guhuza ibitekerezo", "ubwonko bwa AI" na "ubufatanye bwinshi", ku buryo inzira igana ku kwiyubaka kw'ikoranabuhanga ry'ikoranabuhanga irushaho kuba nziza.
Nk’uko TM Forum ibivuga, imiyoboro ya L3 yigenga "ishobora kumva impinduka mu bidukikije mu gihe nyacyo kandi ikagira ubushobozi bwo kwiyubaka no kwiyubaka mu buryo bwihariye bw’imiyoboro," mu gihe L4 "ituma habaho imicungire y’ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi n’imiyoboro ishingiye ku bunararibonye bw’abakiriya mu bice bigoye cyane mu miyoboro myinshi." Birumvikana ko imiyoboro ya L3 yigenga iri hafi kugera ku rwego rwa L3 muri iki gihe.
Amapine atatu yose yerekeza kuri L4
None se twakwihutisha dute umuyoboro w’ikoranabuhanga wigenga kuri L4? Lu Hongjiu yavuze ko Huawei irimo gufasha China Mobile kugera ku ntego yayo ya L4 bitarenze 2025 binyuze mu buryo butatu bwo kwigenga kw’isosiyete imwe, ubufatanye hagati y’isosiyete n’ubufatanye mu nganda.
Mu rwego rwo kwigenga kw'itsinda rimwe, icya mbere, ibikoresho bya NE bihuzwa n'uburyo bwo kubona no gukoresha mudasobwa. Ku ruhande rumwe, ikoranabuhanga rishya nka optique iris n'ibikoresho byo kumenya mu gihe nyacyo bishyirwamo kugira ngo bibone uburyo bwo kumva ibintu mu buryo butaziguye n'uburyo bwo kumva ibintu mu buryo bwa milisegonda nto. Ku rundi ruhande, ikoranabuhanga rya mudasobwa rikoresha ingufu nke n'ikoranabuhanga rya mudasobwa rihuzwa kugira ngo bibone ibikoresho bya NE bifite ubwenge.
Icya kabiri, urwego rwo kugenzura umuyoboro hamwe n'ubwonko bwa AI rushobora guhuzwa n'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo harebwe uburyo bwo kwiyumvisha ibintu, gusesengura, gufata ibyemezo no gushyira mu bikorwa, kugira ngo harebwe uburyo bwo kwiyubaka, kwisana no kwiyubaka bushingiye ku mikorere y'umuyoboro, gucunga amakosa no kunoza umuyoboro mu buryo bumwe.
Byongeye kandi, urwego rw'imicungire y'umuyoboro rutanga uburyo bwo kugenzura serivisi bugana mu majyaruguru kugira ngo byorohereze imikoranire hagati y'inzego zitandukanye n'umutekano wa serivisi.
Ku bijyanye n'ubufatanye hagati y'inzego zitandukanye, Huawei ishimangira ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryuzuye ry'iterambere ry'urubuga, kunoza imikorere y'ubucuruzi n'impinduka mu bakozi.
Uru rubuga rwavuye ku buryo bwo gushyigikira ibyuma bishyuha kugeza ku buryo bwo kwigira urubuga rw’ubwenge ruhuza amakuru mpuzamahanga n’uburambe bw’abahanga. Imikorere y’ubucuruzi kuva ku buryo bwa kera bugamije itumanaho, uburyo bwo gukora ibintu bushingiye ku murongo w’akazi, kugeza ku buryo bwo guhindura inzira z’itumanaho, nta guhindura inzira z’itumanaho; Ku bijyanye no guhindura abakozi, hubakwa uburyo bwo guteza imbere porogaramu ntoya no gushyira mu byiciro ubushobozi bwo gukora no kubungabunga ndetse n’ubushobozi bwo gukoresha interineti, intego yo guhindura abakozi ba CT ikaba ikoranabuhanga rya digitale yaragabanutse, kandi itsinda rishinzwe ibikorwa no kubungabunga ryafashijwe guhinduka rigahinduka impano za DICT.
Byongeye kandi, Huawei irimo guteza imbere ubufatanye bw'imiryango myinshi isanzwe kugira ngo igere ku mahame amwe yo kubaka imiyoboro y'ikoranabuhanga, uburyo bwo guhuza, gushyira mu byiciro, isuzuma n'ibindi. Guteza imbere iterambere ry'ibidukikije by'inganda binyuze mu gusangira ubunararibonye bufatika, guteza imbere isuzuma n'impamyabushobozi ku bice bitatu, no kubaka urubuga rw'inganda; no gukorana na China Mobile smart operation and maintenance sub-chain kugira ngo batunganye kandi bafatanye guhangana n'ikoranabuhanga ry'imizi kugira ngo ikoranabuhanga ry'imizi ryigenga kandi rigenzurwe.
Dukurikije ibintu by'ingenzi bigize urusobe rw'ubwenge rwavuzwe haruguru, nk'uko umwanditsi abibona, "troika" ya Huawei ifite imiterere, ikoranabuhanga, ubufatanye, amahame, impano, uburyo bwo gutangaza amakuru yose hamwe n'imbaraga zifatika, ibyo bikaba bikwiye kwitezweho amatsiko.
Umuyoboro w’ubwenge bwite ni wo mwifuzo mwiza w’inganda z’itumanaho, uzwi nka “imivugo n’intera mu nganda z’itumanaho”. Wanavuzwe ko ari “inzira ndende” kandi “wuzuyemo imbogamizi” bitewe n’umuyoboro munini kandi ugoye w’itumanaho n’ubucuruzi. Ariko urebye izi manza n’ubushobozi bwa troika bwo kuwukomeza, tubona ko ubusizi butakiri ishema, kandi butari kure cyane. Hamwe n’imbaraga zihuriweho n’inganda z’itumanaho, urushaho kuzura ibisasu by’umuriro.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-19-2022