Umwanditsi: 梧桐
Nk’uko Bluetooth SIG ibivuga, Bluetooth verisiyo ya 5.4 yasohotse, izana uburyo bushya bwo gukoresha ibiciro by’ikoranabuhanga. Birumvikana ko kuvugurura ikoranabuhanga rijyanye nabyo, ku ruhande rumwe, ibiciro mu muyoboro umwe bishobora kwaguka bikagera kuri 32640, ku rundi ruhande, inzira ishobora gutumanaho mu buryo bubiri n’ibiciro.
Amakuru kandi atuma abantu bibaza ibibazo bike: Ni ibihe bishya mu ikoranabuhanga muri Bluetooth nshya? Ni izihe ngaruka ku ikoreshwa ry’ibirango by’ibiciro by’ikoranabuhanga? Ese bizahindura imiterere y’inganda zisanzweho? Ibikurikira, iyi nyandiko izavuga ku bibazo byavuzwe haruguru, uko ibirango by’ibiciro by’ikoranabuhanga bizagenda mu gihe kizaza.
Na none, menya igiciro cya elegitoroniki
Igishushanyo mbonera cy'igiciro cya elegitoroniki, LCD n'igikoresho cyo kwerekana impapuro za elegitoroniki gifite inshingano yo kohereza no kwakira amakuru, binyuze mu itumanaho ridafite umugozi kugira ngo amakuru ahinduke. Kubera ko gishobora gusimbura igishushanyo mbonera cy'igiciro gisanzwe, hamwe n'ikoreshwa ry'ingufu nke (igishushanyo mbonera cy'igiciro cya elegitoroniki gifite bateri ebyiri zishobora kumara imyaka irenga 5 mu burambe), gikunzwe cyane n'inganda nyinshi zicuruza. Kuri ubu, cyakoreshejwe cyane mu maduka azwi cyane mu gihugu no mu mahanga nka Wal-Mart, Yonghui, Hema Fresh, Mi home n'ibindi.
Kandi igiciro cya elegitoroniki si ikimenyetso gusa, ahubwo ni sisitemu yose iri inyuma yayo. Muri rusange, sisitemu ya igiciro cya elegitoroniki igizwe n'ibice bine: igiciro cya elegitoroniki (ESL), sitasiyo y'itumanaho idakoresha insinga (ESLAP), igiciro cya elegitoroniki sisitemu ya SaaS na terminal ikoreshwa mu ntoki (PDA).
Ihame ry'imikorere ya sisitemu ni: guhuza amakuru y'ibicuruzwa n'ibiciro kuri platform ya SaaS cloud, no kohereza amakuru ku giciro cy'ikoranabuhanga binyuze kuri sitasiyo ya ESL. Nyuma yo kwakira amakuru, igiciro gishobora kwerekana amakuru y'ibanze y'ibicuruzwa nk'izina, igiciro, inkomoko n'ibisobanuro mu gihe nyacyo. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, amakuru y'ibicuruzwa ashobora kandi guhindurwa ukoresheje uburyo bwo gushakisha kode y'ibicuruzwa binyuze kuri PDA ikoresha icyuma gifatanwa.
Muri byo, kohereza amakuru bishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga ry’itumanaho ridafite umugozi. Kuri ubu, hari protocole eshatu z’ingenzi z’itumanaho zikoreshwa ku biciro by’ikoranabuhanga: 433 MHz, 2.4GHz bwite, Bluetooth, kandi buri protocole muri eshatu ifite ibyiza n’ibibi byayo.
Rero, Bluetooth ni imwe muri protocole zisanzwe, ariko mu by'ukuri, ku isoko, ikoreshwa rya protocole ya Bluetooth na protocole ya 2.4GHz bwite ni kimwe. Ariko ubu Bluetooth kugira ngo igiciro cya elegitoroniki gishyirweho umurongo mushya, ntabwo bigoye kuyibona, ni ugufata igiciro cya elegitoroniki muri iyi porogaramu kurushaho.
Ni iki gishya kiri muri Bluetooth ESL standard?
Ubu, uburebure bw'aho ESL ikorera buri hagati ya metero 30-40, kandi umubare ntarengwa w'amatagisi ashobora gushyirwamo uri hagati ya 1000-5000. Ariko dukurikije uburyo bushya bwa Bluetooth Core Specification Verisiyo 5.4, binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga rishya, umuyoboro w'itumanaho ushobora guhuza ibikoresho 32.640 bya ESL, hiyongereyeho no gushyira mu bikorwa ibikoresho bya ESL n'itumanaho ry'inzira ebyiri.
Bluetooth 5.4 ivugurura ibintu bibiri bijyanye n'ibiciro by'ikoranabuhanga:
1. Kwamamaza buri gihe hamwe n'ibisubizo (PAwR, kwamamaza buri gihe hamwe n'ibisubizo)
PAwR izemerera gushyira mu bikorwa umuyoboro w’inyenyeri ufite itumanaho ry’impande ebyiri, ikintu cyongera ubushobozi bw’ibikoresho bya ESL bwo kwakira amakuru no gusubiza uwohereje. Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho bya ESL bishobora kugabanywamo amatsinda menshi, kandi buri gikoresho cya ESL gifite aderesi yihariye kugira ngo cyongere imikoranire no gutumanaho hagati y’umuntu n’umuntu.
Ku ifoto, AP ni ikigo cy’itumanaho cya PAwR; ESL ni igiciro cy’ikoranabuhanga (kiba muri GRPS zitandukanye, gifite ama dent atandukanye); subevent ni subevent; rsp slot ni umwanya wo gusubiza. Ku ishusho, umurongo w’umukara utambitse ni AP yohereza amabwiriza n’amapaki kuri ESL, naho umurongo utukura utambitse ni ESL isubiza kandi igasubiza AP.
Dukurikije Verisiyo ya 5.4 ya Bluetooth Core Specification, ESL ikoresha uburyo bwo gutanga aderesi ku gikoresho (binary) bugizwe na ESL ID za 8-bit na 7-bit group ID. Kandi ESL ID ni umwihariko mu matsinda atandukanye. Kubwibyo, umuyoboro wa ESL ushobora kuba ufite amatsinda agera ku 128, buri rimwe rikaba rishobora kuba rifite ibyuma bya ESL byihariye bigera kuri 255 by’abagize itsinda. Mu magambo make, hashobora kuba hari ibyuma bya ESL 32.640 mu muyoboro, kandi buri kirango gishobora kugenzurwa uhereye aho umuntu yinjirira.
2. Amakuru yo kwamamaza yashyizwe mu buryo buhishe (EAD, amakuru yo kwamamaza yashyizwe mu buryo buhishe)
EAD itanga ahanini imikorere yo gufunga amakuru yo mu isakazwa. Iyo amakuru yo mu isakazwa amaze gufungwa, ashobora kwakirwa n'igikoresho icyo ari cyo cyose, ariko gishobora guhindurwa gusa no kwemezwa n'igikoresho cyari gisanzwe gisangira urufunguzo rw'itumanaho. Akamaro gakomeye k'iyi porogaramu ni uko ibikubiye mu mapaki yo gukwirakwiza amakuru bihinduka uko aderesi y'igikoresho ihinduka, bigagabanya amahirwe yo gukurikirana amakuru.
Hashingiwe ku bintu bibiri byavuzwe haruguru by’iyi vugurura, Bluetooth izaba nziza cyane mu gukoresha ibyuma by’ikoranabuhanga. Cyane cyane ugereranyije na 433MHz na 2.4GHz bwite, nta mahame mpuzamahanga y’itumanaho bifite, ubushobozi bwo gukora, gutuza, umutekano ntabwo byakwemezwa neza kurushaho, cyane cyane mu bijyanye n’umutekano, amahirwe yo kubisobanukirwa azaba menshi kurushaho.
Nyuma yo kugera ku gipimo gishya, inganda zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rigena ibiciro zishobora no kuzana impinduka zimwe na zimwe, cyane cyane abakora module z'itumanaho n'abatanga ibisubizo hagati mu ruhererekane rw'inganda. Ku bakora serivisi za Bluetooth, niba bashyigikira ivugurura rya OTA ry'ibicuruzwa byagurishijwe ndetse niba bakongeramo Bluetooth 5.4 mu murongo mushya w'ibicuruzwa ni ikibazo kigomba kwitabwaho. Kandi ku bakora porogaramu zitari za Bluetooth, niba bahindura gahunda nyamukuru kugira ngo bakoreshe Bluetooth na byo ni ikibazo.
Ariko nanone, isoko ry’ibiciro by’ikoranabuhanga riri gutera imbere gute muri iki gihe, kandi ni izihe ngorane?
Iterambere ry'isoko ry'ibiciro by'ikoranabuhanga n'ingorane rihura nazo
Kugeza ubu, binyuze mu kohereza ibicuruzwa mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga bigezweho, ibiciro byo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga byazamutse uko umwaka utashye.
Nk’uko raporo y’igihembwe cya Lotu ivuga ku isesengura ry’isoko rya ePaper ku isi ibivuga, modules miliyoni 190 za e-paper zoherejwe ku isi mu bihembwe bitatu bya mbere bya 2022, ziyongereyeho 20.5% ugereranyije n’igihe nk’icyo umwaka ushize. Ku bijyanye n’impapuro zikoreshwa mu ikoranabuhanga, ibicuruzwa byoherejwe ku isi mu bihembwe bitatu bya mbere byageze kuri miliyoni 180, aho kwiyongera kwa 28.6% ku mwaka ushize.
Ariko e-tags ubu ziri guhura n’imbogamizi mu kubona agaciro gahoraho. Kubera ko labels za elegitoroniki zirangwa no kumara igihe kirekire, bizatwara nibura imyaka 5-10 kuzisimbuza, bityo nta gusimbuza imigabane bizabaho mu gihe kirekire, bityo dushobora gushaka isoko rihoraho gusa. Ikibazo ariko, ni uko abacuruzi benshi batifuza guhindura bakoreshe labels z’ibiciro bya elegitoroniki. Andrew Zignani, umuyobozi w’ubushakashatsi muri ABI Research, yagize ati: “Bamwe mu bacuruzi bagiye batinya gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya ESL bitewe n’impungenge zijyanye no gufunga abacuruzi, gukorana, kwaguka no gushobora kurishyira mu zindi gahunda z’ubucuruzi bw’ikoranabuhanga.”
Mu buryo nk'ubwo, ikiguzi nacyo ni ikibazo gikomeye. Nubwo igiciro cy'ibiciro by'ikoranabuhanga cyahinduwe cyane kugira ngo kigabanye ikiguzi kinini cyo gushyiramo ibikoresho, kiracyakoreshwa gusa n'amaduka manini nka Walmart na Yonghui ku isoko ry'ubucuruzi. Ku maduka mato yo mu gace, amaduka acuruza ibintu byoroshye n'amaduka y'ibitabo, ikiguzi cyacyo kiracyari hejuru. Kandi ni ngombwa kuvuga ko ibiciro by'ikoranabuhanga nabyo ari ibisabwa gusa ku maduka atari manini.
Byongeye kandi, uburyo bwo gukoresha ibiciro by'ikoranabuhanga buriho ubu bworoshye cyane. Kuri ubu, 90% by'ibiciro by'ikoranabuhanga bikoreshwa mu bucuruzi, ariko munsi ya 10% bikoreshwa mu biro, mu buvuzi no mu bindi. SES-imagotag, ikigo gikomeye mu nganda zigurisha ibiciro by'ikoranabuhanga, cyizera ko ibiciro by'ikoranabuhanga bitagomba kuba igikoresho cyo kwerekana ibiciro gusa, ahubwo bigomba kuba urusobe rw'amakuru yose ashobora gufasha abaguzi gufata ibyemezo byo gukoresha amafaranga no kuzigama igihe n'ikiguzi cy'abakoresha n'abakozi.
Ariko, hari n'inkuru nziza uretse ingorane. Igipimo cy'ibiciro by'ikoranabuhanga mu isoko ry'imbere mu gihugu kiri munsi ya 10%, bivuze ko hakiri byinshi bigomba gukoreshwa ku isoko. Muri icyo gihe, hamwe no kunoza politiki yo kurwanya icyorezo, kugaruka kw'ibiciro ni ikintu gikomeye, kandi ukwihorera kw'uruhande rw'ubucuruzi nabyo biri kuza, ibyo bikaba ari amahirwe meza ku biciro by'ikoranabuhanga mu gushaka iterambere ry'isoko. Byongeye kandi, abakinnyi benshi mu nganda barimo gushyiraho ibiciro by'ikoranabuhanga mu buryo bufatika, Qualcomm na SES-imagotag barimo gukorana ku ibiciro by'ikoranabuhanga bisanzwe. Mu gihe kizaza, hamwe no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho n'icyerekezo cyo gushyiraho ibiciro, ibiciro by'ikoranabuhanga nabyo bizagira ahazaza hashya.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 21 Gashyantare 2023