Umwanditsi: 梧桐
Nk’uko Bluetooth SIG ibivuga, verisiyo ya Bluetooth 5.4 yasohotse, izana ibipimo bishya kubiciro bya elegitoroniki. Byumvikane ko ivugurura ryikoranabuhanga rifitanye isano, kuruhande rumwe, igiciro cyumuyoboro umwe gishobora kwagurwa kugera kuri 32640, kurundi ruhande, irembo rishobora kubona itumanaho ryuburyo bubiri hamwe nigiciro.
Amakuru kandi atera abantu amatsiko kubibazo bike: Nibihe bishya bya tekinike muri Bluetooth nshya? Ni izihe ngaruka ku ikoreshwa ryibiciro bya elegitoroniki? Bizahindura imiterere yinganda zihari? Ibikurikira, iyi nyandiko izaganira kubibazo byavuzwe haruguru, icyerekezo kizaza cyiterambere ryibiciro bya elegitoroniki.
Na none, Menya Ikarita ya elegitoroniki
Igiciro cya elegitoronike, LCD hamwe nibikoresho bya elegitoronike byerekana ibikoresho bifite umurimo wo kohereza no kwakira amakuru, binyuze mu itumanaho ridafite insinga kugirango ugere ku makuru y'ibiciro. Kuberako irashobora gusimbuza igiciro gakondo, ifatanije no gukoresha ingufu nke (wino ya ecran ya elegitoronike igiciro hamwe na bateri 2 ya buto irashobora kugera kumyaka irenga 5 yo kwihangana), itoneshwa nabenshi mubakora ibicuruzwa. Kugeza ubu, yakoreshejwe cyane mu gihugu no mu mahanga bizwi cyane mu bucuruzi bukomeye bwo gucuruza nka Wal-Mart, Yonghui, Hema Fresh, Mi home n'ibindi.
Kandi igiciro cya elegitoronike ntabwo ari tagi gusa, ahubwo sisitemu yose inyuma yacyo. Muri rusange, sisitemu yo kugiciro cya elegitoronike ikubiyemo ibice bine: igiciro cya elegitoronike (ESL), sitasiyo fatizo (ESLAP), igiciro cya elegitoronike ya SaaS hamwe na terefone (PDA).
Ihame ryimikorere rya sisitemu ni: guhuza ibicuruzwa nibiciro byamakuru kurubuga rwa SaaS, no kohereza amakuru kubiciro bya elegitoronike binyuze kuri sitasiyo fatizo ya ESL. Nyuma yo kwakira amakuru, igiciro gishobora kwerekana amakuru yibicuruzwa nkizina, igiciro, inkomoko nibisobanuro mugihe nyacyo. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, amakuru y'ibicuruzwa arashobora kandi guhindurwa kumurongo mugusikana kode y'ibicuruzwa ukoresheje terefone ya PDA.
Muri byo, guhererekanya amakuru biterwa na tekinoroji yo gutumanaho idafite umugozi. Kugeza ubu, hari protocole eshatu zikoreshwa mu itumanaho zikoreshwa ku biciro bya elegitoronike: 433 MHz, 2.4GHz yigenga, Bluetooth, kandi buri protocole uko ari itatu ifite ibyiza n'ibibi.
Noneho, Bluetooth nimwe muma protocole asanzwe, ariko mubyukuri, kumasoko, Bluetooth hamwe na progaramu ya 2.4GHz yigenga ikoreshwa ni kimwe. Ariko ubu Bluetooth kubiciro bya elegitoronike kugirango ishyireho urwego rushya, ntabwo bigoye kubona, ni ugufata igiciro cya elegitoronike iri soko rya porogaramu kurushaho.
Niki gishya hamwe na Bluetooth ESL isanzwe?
Kugeza ubu, radiyo yo gukwirakwiza sitasiyo ya ESL iri hagati ya metero 30-40, kandi umubare ntarengwa wibirango ushobora kwakirwa uratandukanye kuva 1000-5000. Ariko ukurikije verisiyo iheruka ya verisiyo ya Bluetooth 5.4, ku nkunga y’ikoranabuhanga rishya, umuyoboro urashobora guhuza ibikoresho 32,640 bya ESL, hiyongereyeho no kumenya ibikoresho bya ESL hamwe n’itumanaho ry’inzira ebyiri.
Bluetooth 5.4 ivugurura ibintu bibiri bijyanye nibiciro bya elegitoronike:
1. Kwamamaza ibihe hamwe nibisubizo (PAwR, kwamamaza buri gihe hamwe nibisubizo)
PAwR izemerera ishyirwa mubikorwa ryurusobe rwinyenyeri hamwe nuburyo bubiri bwitumanaho, uburyo bwongera ubushobozi bwibikoresho bya ESL kwakira amakuru no gusubiza kubohereje. Mubyongeyeho, ibikoresho bya ESL birashobora kugabanywamo amatsinda menshi, kandi buri gikoresho cya ESL gifite adresse yihariye yo guhuza byinshi kandi igafasha itumanaho rimwe kuri umwe.
Ku ishusho, AP ni itangazamakuru rya PAwR; ESL ni igiciro cya elegitoronike (cya GRPS zitandukanye, hamwe na id zitandukanye); subevent ni subevent; Ikibanza cya rsp nicyo gisubizo. Mu gishushanyo, umurongo wirabura utambitse ni AP yohereza amabwiriza nudupaki kuri ESL, naho umurongo utukura utambitse ni ESL isubiza kandi igaburira kuri AP.
Dukurikije verisiyo ya Bluetooth Core 5.4, ESL ikoresha gahunda yo kubariza igikoresho (binary) igizwe na id-biti ya biti 8 ya ESL hamwe na 7 biti ya groupe. ID ID ya ESL irihariye mumatsinda atandukanye. Kubwibyo, umuyoboro wibikoresho bya ESL urashobora kubamo amatsinda agera kuri 128, buriwese ushobora kuba urimo ibikoresho bigera kuri 255 byihariye bya ESL byabagize itsinda. Mumagambo yoroshye, hashobora kuba harimo 32,640 ibikoresho bya ESL murusobe, kandi buri kirango gishobora kugenzurwa uhereye kumurongo umwe.
2. Ibanga ryibanga ryamamaza (EAD, amakuru yihishe yamakuru)
EAD itanga cyane cyane ibikorwa byo gutangaza amakuru. Nyuma yo gutangaza amakuru yihishe, irashobora kwakirwa nigikoresho icyo aricyo cyose, ariko irashobora gufungurwa no kugenzurwa nigikoresho cyari gisangiye urufunguzo rwitumanaho. Inyungu zingenzi zibi biranga ni uko ibiri mu bikoresho bipakurura bigenda bihinduka uko aderesi y’ibikoresho ihinduka, bikagabanya amahirwe yo gukurikirana.
Ukurikije ibintu bibiri byavuzwe haruguru byo kuvugurura, Bluetooth izaba nziza cyane mubikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Cyane cyane ugereranije na 433MHz hamwe na 2.4GHz yigenga, ntabwo bafite amahame mpuzamahanga y’itumanaho akoreshwa, birashoboka, umutekano, umutekano ntushobora kwizerwa neza, cyane cyane mubijyanye n’umutekano, amahirwe yo gusobanura azaba menshi.
Hamwe nogushika kurwego rushya, inganda zikoresha ibikoresho bya elegitoronike zishobora no guhindura impinduka zimwe na zimwe, cyane cyane abakora module itumanaho nabatanga ibisubizo hagati yurwego rwinganda. Kubakora ibicuruzwa bya Bluetooth, niba gushyigikira ivugururwa ryibicuruzwa byagurishijwe ndetse no kongera Bluetooth 5.4 kumurongo mushya wibicuruzwa nikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa. Naho kubakora gahunda itari Bluetooth, niba guhindura gahunda yibanze yo gukoresha Bluetooth nayo nikibazo.
Ariko noneho na none, ni gute isoko rya elegitoroniki ibiciro byiterambere muri iki gihe, kandi ni izihe ngorane?
Ibiciro bya elegitoroniki biranga isoko yiterambere ryiterambere nibibazo
Kugeza ubu, binyuze mu nganda zayo zo hejuru e-impapuro zijyanye no kohereza zishobora kumenyekana, kohereza ibicuruzwa bya elegitoronike byarangije kwiyongera ku mwaka.
Raporo y’isesengura ry’isoko rya Global ePaper ku isi ivuga ko miliyoni 190 e-impapuro zoherejwe ku isi mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2022, ziyongereyeho 20.5% ugereranije n’icyo gihe cyashize umwaka ushize. Ku bijyanye n’ibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki, byoherejwe ku isi hose ibirango bya elegitoronike mu gihembwe cya mbere byageze kuri miliyoni 180, aho umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 28.6%.
Ariko e-tags ubu irimo kugenda icika intege mugushakisha agaciro kiyongera. Kubera ko ibirango bya elegitoronike birangwa nubuzima burebure bwa serivisi, bizatwara byibuze imyaka 5-10 yo kubisimbuza, bityo ntihazabaho gusimbuza imigabane mugihe kirekire, kuburyo dushobora gushakisha gusa isoko ryiyongera. Ikibazo ariko, nuko abadandaza benshi badashaka guhinduranya ibiciro bya elegitoroniki. Umuyobozi ushinzwe ubushakashatsi muri ABI Research, Andrew Zignani yagize ati: "Bamwe mu bacuruzi batindiganyije gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya ESL kubera impungenge zijyanye no gufunga ibicuruzwa, imikoranire, ubwuzuzanye ndetse n'ubushobozi bwo kubipima ku zindi gahunda zogucuruza ubwenge".
Mu buryo nk'ubwo, ikiguzi nacyo nikibazo kinini. Nubwo igiciro cyibiciro bya elegitoronike cyahinduwe cyane kugirango kigabanye ibiciro byinshi byo gushyira, biracyakoreshwa gusa na supermarket nini nka Walmart na Yonghui kumasoko yo kugurisha. Kubucuruzi bwamaduka mato mato, amaduka yoroshye hamwe nububiko bwibitabo, igiciro cyacyo kiracyari hejuru. Kandi birakwiye ko tuvuga ko ibiciro bya elegitoronike nabyo bisabwa kububiko butari bunini.
Byongeye kandi, ibyasabwe muri iki gihe byerekana ibiciro bya elegitoronike birasa byoroshye. Kugeza ubu, 90% by'ibiciro bya elegitoronike bikoreshwa mu bucuruzi, ariko munsi ya 10% bikoreshwa mu biro, mu buvuzi no mu bindi bihe. SES-imagotag, igihangange mu nganda zerekana ibiciro bya digitale, yizera ko igiciro cyibiciro bitagomba kuba igikoresho cyerekana gusa ibicuruzwa, ahubwo bigomba guhinduka microweb yamakuru yibintu byose bishobora gufasha abakiriya gufata ibyemezo byo gukoresha no gukoresha abakoresha nabakozi umwanya n'ibiciro.
Ariko, hariho kandi inkuru nziza irenze ingorane. Igipimo cyo kwinjiza ibiciro bya elegitoronike ku isoko ryimbere mu gihugu kiri munsi ya 10%, bivuze ko hakiri isoko ryinshi ryakoreshwa. Muri icyo gihe, hamwe no kunoza politiki yo kurwanya icyorezo, kugarura ibicuruzwa ni inzira nini, kandi no kwihorera ku mpande z’ibicuruzwa nabyo biraza, bikaba kandi ari amahirwe meza ku biciro bya elegitoroniki byo gushaka iterambere ry’isoko. Byongeye kandi, abakinyi benshi murwego rwinganda barimo gushyiraho ibiciro bya elegitoroniki, Qualcomm na SES-imagotag bafatanya kubiciro bisanzwe bya elegitoroniki. Mugihe kizaza, hamwe nogukoresha tekinoroji yo hejuru hamwe nuburyo bugezweho, ibiciro bya elegitoronike nabyo bizagira ejo hazaza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-21-2023