Igipimo cy'ingufu zirwanya kohereza hanze ibicuruzwa bya PV zikoreshwa mu miyoboro y'amashanyarazi n'ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu mu mazu

Bitewe n’iterambere ryihuse ry’ikoranabuhanga mu ngufu zisubira, sisitemu zo kubika ingufu mu mazu (PV) n’izikoresha ingufu zabaye igisubizo gikunzwe cyane ku ba nyir’amazu manini n’ay’amazu atandukanye. Mu guhuza ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba n’izikoresha batiri, izi sisitemu zifasha kugabanya kwishingikiriza ku muyoboro w’amashanyarazi, kunoza ikiguzi cy’amashanyarazi, no gutanga ingufu z’inyongera mu gihe cy’ibura ry’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi—birushaho kunoza ubushobozi bwo kwigenga mu bijyanye n’ingufu no gutura mu buryo bwiza.

Muri ubwo buryo bwo kubika ingufu n'ibikoresho byo mu rugo, kugenzura neza ingufu bigira uruhare runini. Igipimo cy'ingufu ntabwo kikiri igikoresho cyo kwishyuza gusa—bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku mutekano wa sisitemu, imikorere myiza, ndetse n'ubushobozi bwo kugenzura ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga. Guhitamo igisubizo gikwiye cyo gupima ingufu ni ngombwa kugira ngo sisitemu ikore neza kandi ihamye.

1. Gupima ingufu mu micungire y'amatara n'ububiko bw'ibikoresho byo mu rugo

1.1 Ibisubizo byo gupima amazu y’amazu n’amazu adatuwemo

Uburyo bwinshi bwo kubika amashanyarazi n'ibikoresho byo mu mazu y’abantu ku giti cyabo byagenewe amazu y’umuryango umwe cyangwa amazu manini, aho ubushobozi bwa sisitemu ari bwinshi kandi umutekano mu gihe kirekire ukaba ari ngombwa. Ubusanzwe izi sisitemu zikoreshwa nk'ingenzi mu gucunga ingufu z'ingo, kuringaniza uburyo bwo kuzikoresha no kugenzura ikiguzi cy'amashanyarazi.

Mu bidukikije bisanzwe by'amazu manini,Ibipimo by'ingufu bya WiFi bigezwehoAkenshi ni amahitamo afatika kandi meza. Amazu manini afite imiterere yoroheje y'amashanyarazi, bigatuma byoroha gutegura aho gushyira ibyuma bipima umuriro n'ibyuma bihindura amashanyarazi bidasaba koherezwa mu mahanga. Muri icyo gihe, ubwikorezi buhamye bwa WiFi butuma habaho itumanaho ryizewe mu kugenzura ingufu mu buryo nyabwo no gucunga ingufu z'ibanze.

Ku bijyanye n'ibikoresho aho WiFi idakora neza cyangwa idahari—kandi aho abakoresha bakunda kwirinda ibiciro biri hejuru n'ubuhanga bwo gukoresha insinga za RS485—uburyo bwo kohereza insinga za point-to-point bushobora kuba ubundi buryo. Mu masoko amwe yo mu mahanga nka i Burayi na Ositaraliya, ikoranabuhanga rya wireless rikoresha ingufu nke rikoreshwa mu ntera ndende rimaze gukoreshwa mu gushyigikira itumanaho rihamye hagati ya metero n'uburyo bwo gucunga ingufu.

1.2 Ibipimo by'ingufu bigezweho bifite Transformers z'ingufu zo hanze

Ibipimo by'ingufu bigezweho byagenewe PV zo mu rugo, sisitemu nto zihindura ingufu, sisitemu zo kubika bateri, n'ibisubizo by'ingufu bihujwe na AC bikunze gukoresha transformers zo hanze (CTs). Iyi miterere yemerera gushyiraho neza no gupima neza mu buryo bworoshye, mu gihe igikoresho gikomeza kuba gito kandi cyoroshye gushyiramo.

Ibipimo nk'ibi bishobora gutanga uburyo bwo kugenzura mu buryo bwihuse ibipimo by'ingenzi by'amashanyarazi, harimo ingufu, voltage, amashanyarazi, n'ikoreshwa ry'ingufu. Bitewe n'inkunga ya porogaramu zisanzwe z'itumanaho nka Modbus TCP cyangwa HTTP, bishobora guhuza neza na inverters cyangwa sisitemu zo gucunga ingufu (EMS) binyuze kuri WiFi cyangwa ubundi buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga butagira insinga.

Igipimo cy'ingufu mu cyerekezo cy'ibirigushyigikira imirimo y'ingenzi nko kugenzura kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga, kugenzura uburyo PV ikoreshwa, no gucunga uburyo bwo gushyushya no gusohora umuriro w'amashanyarazi—bituma bikwiranye neza n'uburyo bwo gutanga ingufu z'izuba mu ngo.

2. Ibigomba kwitabwaho mu gushyiraho no gushyira insinga

Gushyiraho neza ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo habeho uburyo bwo gupima neza no kurinda umutekano wa sisitemu. Mu gushyiramo icyuma gipima ingufu mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga mu nzu no mu bubiko, amahame rusange akurikira agomba kubahirizwa:

• Sisitemu z'icyiciro kimwe zisanzwe zisaba guhuza igice kimwe gusa

• Transformateur zikoreshwa ubu zigomba gushyirwaho hakurikijwe imiterere ya sisitemu n'ibisabwa mu cyiciro

• Insinga z'amashanyarazi zigomba kurindwa na fuse zikwiye kugira ngo amashanyarazi agire umutekano

• Ibikorwa byose byo gukwirakwiza insinga bigomba gukorwa amashanyarazi adafunguye burundu

• Gupima CT na phase corresponding bigomba kwemezwa kugira ngo hirindwe amakosa yo gupima

Gukurikiza uburyo busanzwe bwo gushyiraho bifasha kwemeza ko sisitemu ihamye kandi igakusanya amakuru nyayo ku ngufu.

3. Ibyiza by'ingenzi by'ibipimo by'ingufu birwanya kohereza hanze by'igihugu

Ibipimo by'ingufu bigezweho bikoreshwa mu gukoresha PV mu ngo bitanga inyungu nyinshi mu bya tekiniki:

Igishushanyo mbonera gito kandi gikonje
Gushyiraho DIN-rail hamwe n'imashini ntoya bituma ishyirwa mu mbaho ​​zo gukwirakwiza ibicuruzwa rishobora koroha. Urubuga rumwe rwa metero rushobora gushyigikira ikoreshwa ry'icyiciro kimwe cyangwa bitatu, bigahuza n'imiterere itandukanye ya sisitemu ya villa.

Itumanaho ryizewe ridafite umugozi
Ubufasha bwa WiFi n'ubundi buryo bw'itumanaho ridafite umugozi butuma amakuru yoherezwa mu buryo buhamye mu bice bitandukanye by'imiturire.

Igishushanyo mbonera cy'insinga zoroshye gushyiramo
Imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi ikoreshwa mu gucomekamo amashanyarazi hamwe n'uburyo bworoshye bwo gucomeka amashanyarazi bigabanya igihe cyo gushyiraho amashanyarazi kandi bigabanya ibyago byo gukora amakosa mu gucomeka amashanyarazi, bigatuma uburyo bwo kuyakoresha burushaho kuba bwiza.

Gusuzuma insinga z'ubwenge
Imikorere yo gusuzuma yubatswemo ishobora kumenya imiterere idasanzwe y'insinga. Iyo ikorana na inverters, sisitemu ishobora kumenya ibibazo bya CT, kudahuza neza kw'ibyiciro, cyangwa guhindura icyerekezo cy'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi kugira ngo igumane igipimo nyacyo.

Igipimo cyo kongera kuvugurura amakuru vuba
Hamwe n'imikorere yihuse yo kuvugurura ibipimo, iki gipimo gitanga amakuru y'ingufu hafi ya nyayo, bigatuma sisitemu igenzura neza kandi igakoresha neza imicungire y'ingufu.

Iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko mpuzamahanga
Ibi bipimo byagenewe kuzuza ibisabwa mpuzamahanga byo kwemeza no kubahiriza amategeko, birakwiriye gukoreshwa mu mishinga y'ingufu zisubira mu ngo mu turere twinshi.

Umwanzuro

Muri sisitemu zigezweho za PV zo mu ngo no mu bubiko bw'ingufu, ibipimo by'ingufu bigezweho byavuye ku bikoresho byoroshye byo gupima bijya mu bice by'ingenzi byo gucunga ingufu zo mu ngo. Mu gukusanya amakuru y'ingufu no gushyigikira ingamba zo kugenzura zigezweho, byongera umutekano wa sisitemu, imikorere myiza, n'ubukungu.

Mu gihe ikoranabuhanga ryo gupima ingufu rikomeje guhuzwa na porogaramu za IoT hamwe n'ibisubizo by'imicungire y'ingufu zigezweho, izi metero zizagira uruhare runini mu gutuma habaho iteganyagihe ry'ingufu zigezweho, gahunda yo kubika ibintu ihindagurika, no gukoresha amashanyarazi make akoreshwa mu kugabanya karubone. Ku ba nyiri amazu n'abahuza sisitemu bibanda ku bwiza, kwizerwa no kuramba, guhitamo metero igezweho y'ingufu ni intambwe y'ingenzi mu kubaka urusobe rw'ingufu z'amazu rufite ubwenge nyabwo.